INTERPLANETARY INTERNET

BYSUYAMINDRA SIMHA. V

VIII SEM

Introduction Som e Fast Facts Objectives Challenges Architecture of IPN Working of Terrestria l Internet Working of IPN Terrestria l v/s Celestia l Com m unication Bundling Protocol Applications Conclusion

Introduction Some Fast Facts Objectives Challenges Architecture of IPN Working of Terrestrial Internet Working of IPN Terrestrial v/s Celestial Communication Bundling Protocol Applications Conclusion

CONTENTS

IPN is a conceived computer network in space, consisting of a set of network nodes which can communicate with each other.

IPN is a technical name for ”anywhere and everywhere internet”.

It is next to IPv6,IPTV,voice over IP, mobile IP and IP next generation(IPng).

It aims to provide Internet-like services over the entire solar system.

Introduction

Time taken by light Earth – Jupiter : 32.7 minEarth – Saturn : 76.7 minEarth – Pluto : 5.5 hoursEarth – Voyager1 : 13 hoursEarth – Voyager2 : 10.4 hours.

Some Fast Facts

Time-Insensitive Scientific data delivery

Time-Sensitive scientific data delivery

Mission Status Telemetry

Command and Control

Objectives

Extremely long propagation delay

Asymmetrical forward and reverse Link capacities

High link error rates for radio-frequency (RF) communication channels

Intermittent link connectivity

Lack of fixed communication infrastructure

Challenges

Effects of planetary distances on the signal strength and the protocol design

Power, mass, size, and cost constraints for communication hardware and protocol design

Backward compatibility requirement due to high cost involved in deployment and launching processes.

Challenges(contd..)

ARCHITECTURE OF IPN

Architecture of IPN

InterPlanetary Backbone NetworkCommunication among Earth, outer-space planets, moons, satellites, relay stations, etc.

InterPlanetary External NetworkSpace crafts flying in groups in deep space between planets, clusters of sensor nodes, and groups of space stations.

Architecture

Planetary Network

Planetary Satellite Network Satellites circling the planets provides relay services, communication & navigation services to surface elements. Includes links between orbiting satellites & links between satellite and surface elements.

Planetary Surface Network Links between high power surface elements

(rovers, landers, etc). Surface elements that cannot directly talk to satellites, organized in an ad hoc manner.

Architecture(contd..)

WORKING OF TERRESTRIAL INTERNET

The largest network of networks in the world.

Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching .

Runs on any communications substrate.

What is Internet?

From Dr. Vinton Cerf, Co-Creator of TCP/IP

Working of Internet

NetworkIP

NetworkIP

Phys 1

Link 1 Link 1

Phys 1 Phys 2

Link 2

Phys 2

Link 2

Phys 3

Link 3

App

App

App App

App

App

NetworkIP

TransportTCP

NetworkIP

TransportTCP

Phys 3

Link 3

Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Subnet 3

WORKING OF IPN

IPN is considered to consist of a “network of Internets ” with a specialized deep space backbone network of long-haul wireless links interconnecting these local Internets.

In IPN, packets need to be transferred from end to end through disconnected multiple regions that tolerate variable delay.

A protocol of IPN will take care of these requirements by the concept of “bundling protocol suite.”

Working of IPN

The delay tolerant IPN network will provide an always-on connection between planets, spacecrafts and the terrestrial Internet.

The store-and-forward technique of IPN will help to minimize problems that crop up due to the vast distances involved, such as high error rates and latency periods that are minutes or even hours long.

Working of IPN(contd..)

Network of internets spanning dissimilar environments

Bundle

App

App

App App

App

App

Bundle Bundle

Phys 1

Transport a

Network a

Link 1 Link 1

Phys 1 Phys 2

Link 2

Network a

Phys 3

Link 3

Network b

Transport b

Phys 2

Link 2

Network a

Transport a

Phys 3

Link 3

Network b

Transport b

Internet a Internet b

Working of IPN

Communication parameters

Wired terrestrial

Mobile ad hoc NET/MANET/Wireless

IPN/Celestial/Wireless

Power availability

Not critical Important Very crucial

SNR Within acceptable range

Low Very low

Error rate Within acceptable range

Medium High

Infrastructure Defined/fixed Deployable Deployable

Terrestrial v/s Celestial Communication

Communication parameters

Wired terrestrial

Mobile ad hoc NET/MANET/Wireless

IPN/Celestial/Wireless

Medium Copper/fiber RF/IR Primarily free space, RF

Delay in seconds

<1 10 to 10000 seconds

Deployment cost

Low Medium Very high

Operational cost

Low Medium Very high

Terrestrial v/s Celestial Communication(contd..)

The IPN architecture will be based on an overlay protocol called “bundling” that handles the complex environment of celestial communication.

It puts together a set of heterogeneous internets.

Bundles are arbitrarily long messages designed for end-to-end delivery between IPN nodes over distinct or identical transport layers.

Bundling Protocol

Bundles may be fragmented and reassembled at the destination. These will be routed by a routing function through a concatenated series of Internets, like terrestrial internet protocol.

To achieve guaranteed end-to-end delivery, bundles may be retransmitted as in ARQ protocol in TCP model of terrestrial Internet.

Bundling Protocol(contd..)

It operates in the message switching mode. It operates in the custodial mode. Tackle high error rate of the celestial link,

hop-by-hop store-and-forward bundling with per-hop error control mechanism is used.

Identification of the sender and the receiver in the IPN using an addressing scheme having names in two parts.

Functions of Bundling Protocol

“Non-chatty” message-oriented communications 

 Essential in long delay environments.

  Store-and-forward between nodes 

 Essential when no contemporaneous end-to-end path exists.

Highly desirable to free resources at less-advantaged “leaf nodes”.

  Routing algorithms cognizant of scheduled connectivity 

 Essential to accommodate scheduled connectivity.

 Highly desirable to be able to adaptively exploit alternate routes.

 

Benefits

Use transport and network technologies appropriate to the environment 

Essential to support combination of IP and non-IP networks.

Essential to be able to support incremental deployment of new technologies.

 

Benefits(contd..)

  Time-Insensitive Scientific Data Delivery: -Large volume of scientific data to be collected from planets and

moons.

Time-Sensitive Scientific Data Delivery: -Audio and visual information about the local environment to Earth,

in-situ controlling robots, or eventually in-situ astronauts.

Mission Status Telemetry: - Delivery of the status and the health report of the mission, spacecraft, or

the landed vehicles to the mission center or other nodes.

Command and Control: -Closed-loop command and control of the in-situ mission elements.

Applications

With the increasing pace of space exploration, Earth will distribute large numbers of robotic vehicles, landers, and possibly even humans, to asteroids and other planets in the coming decades.

Possible future missions include lander/rover/orbiter sets, sample return missions, aircraft communicating with orbiters, and outposts of humans or computers remotely operating rovers.

Conclusion