interspecific competition superior and inferior competitor rates of reproduction rates of growth...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Interspecific Competition
• Superior and inferior competitor
• Rates of reproduction• Rates of growth• Tolerance to limiting factors• Direct competition
![Page 2: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mechanisms for superior competition
• Consumption• Preemption• Overgrowth• Chemical interactions
(allelopathy)• Territoriality• Encounter competition
![Page 3: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Competitive Exclusion
Eastern cottontail
New England cottontail
![Page 4: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Coexistence of Groton rodents
![Page 5: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
How can six species of salamander coexist on Groton School lands?
![Page 6: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Coexistence
Resource Partitioning
Resource-based models
Spatially based models
Temporal Models
Changes over time (long-term)
Low levels of competition allow for extended persistence
Limiting Factor Models
Predation
Disease
Parasitism
![Page 7: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Competition and Niche
• Fundamental Niche• Realized Niche• Resource Partitioning
– Spatial– Resource Selection– Timing?
![Page 8: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Spatial heterogeneity and variation
• Environmental Gradients• Disturbance• Soil/bedrock• Aspect/topography
![Page 9: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Temporal Variation
• Parameters that vary predictably over time– Temperature– Moisture– Seed and nut production– Prey population cycles
• Response of the inferior competitor– Dispersal– Dormancy– Reduction in density
![Page 10: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Predation and Herbivory
![Page 11: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Competition and Evolution
• Short-term changes– Behavioral
• Long-term changes– Structural
• Character Displacement
• Behavioral plasticity
![Page 12: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How do so many New England carnivores persist in a small area?
![Page 13: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Full Circle
• Why are the invasive species so successful in this system?• How do so many New England carnivores persist in a small area?• How can six species of salamander coexist on Groton School lands?
![Page 14: Interspecific Competition Superior and inferior competitor Rates of reproduction Rates of growth Tolerance to limiting factors Direct competition](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bf7c1a28abf838c83d67/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Competition and Conservation
Small Whorled PogoniaIsotria medeoloides