intervals
TRANSCRIPT
Intervals
Week 7
Learning Outcomes
• Know the basic rules for determining major, minor, perfect, augmented, diminished, double augmented and double diminished intervals
• Understand and recognize compound intervals• Be able to invert intervals and analyze interval
inversions
Harmony Worksheets
• 9• 10• 11a• 11b
Intervals
• We need a method of identifying the relationship between any two notes
• We can show the distance or interval from one note to another
• Count each possible staff degree between the two notes to find the number the top pitch represents
• See Ex. 1 p. 16
Intervals in a Major Scale
• The perfect intervals are unison, 4th, 5th, octave
• If a major interval is made smaller by a half step the major interval becomes minor
• The major/minor intervals are 2nds, 3rds, 6ths, and 7ths.
• Intervals may occur as harmonic or melodic intervals
• When a minor or perfect interval is made smaller by a half step, it becomes diminished
• Major and perfect intervals made larger by a half step are called augmented intervals
• Diminished intervals made smaller than an additional half step become double diminished.
• Augmented intervals made larger by additional half step become double augmented
Summary
• 2nds, 3rds, 6ths and 7ths are major intervals• Unisons, 4ths, 5ths and octaves are perfect
intervals• Major intervals made smaller by a half step
become minor• Major intervals made smaller by 2 half steps
become diminished
• Perfect intervals made smaller by a half step become diminished
• Perfect intervals made smaller by 2 half steps become double diminished
• Major or perfect intervals made larger by a half step are augmented
• Major or perfect intervals made larger by 2 half steps are double augmented
Worksheet Time!
• Complete Exercise 2 and 3 on Worksheet 9• Complete Exercise 9a on Worksheet 9• Complete Exercise 10a on Worksheet 9
Compound Intervals
• Intervals greater than an octave are compound intervals
• All compound intervals are a combination of a perfect octave plus an additional intervals
• They are often analyzed as the actual number of steps or as a simple interval.
Compound Intervals
Worksheet Time
• Complete the first part of Exercise 1a on Worksheet 10
• Complete Exercise 2a on Worksheet 10
Inversion of Intervals
• Intervals describe the distance between two notes.
• The notes involved can appear to sound two ways:
• When an interval is inverted, the note names involved are still the same
• The intervallic relationship follows a pattern• Here are some simple rules for inversion:
• 9 minus the number of the interval equals the inversion interval
• EG 9 – 2(nd) = 7(th) • 9 – 7(th) = 2(nd)
• Major intervals inverted become minor• See Ex.3 p.20
• Minor intervals inverted become major• See Ex. 4 p. 20
• Perfect intervals remain perfect• See Ex1 p.21
• Augmented intervals become diminished• See Ex 2 p.21
• Diminished intervals become augmented• See Ex. 3 p.21
• Double diminished intervals become double augmented
• See Ex. 4 p. 21
• Double augmented intervals become double diminished
• See Ex.5 p.21
• In order to produced an inversion of an intervals, the bottom pitch must be raised one octave or the top pitch must be lowered one octave
The Tritone interval
• The tritone interval is an interval of an augmented 4th (3 whole steps)
• Unlike any other interval, when a tritone is inverted, it becomes a diminished 5th, but remains a tritone (3 whole steps)
Compound Interval Inversion
• We can invert compound intervals in two ways:
• 1) move the lowest pitch up and octave, or the higher pitch down an octave
• 2) reverse the position of the high/low notes
Worksheet Time!
• Complete Exercise 1-4 on Worksheet 11