interviewing individuals with physical disabilities and diseases
DESCRIPTION
Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases. Presented by Carri, Katie, Katrin, and Lola. Sub-Topics. People with Vision Impairments People with Terminal Illnesses People with Drug Addictions People who are Deaf. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Presented byCarri, Katie, Katrin, and Lola
![Page 2: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• People with Vision Impairments • People with Terminal Illnesses
• People with Drug Addictions
• People who are Deaf
![Page 3: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Vision Impairments
![Page 4: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• The definition of "legally blind" is 20/200 with correction
• Most people who are considered "blind" have some sight
rather than no sight at all. • Visual impairments are ususally considered more of an
inconvenience than a disability. • While many people who are blind can read Braille, most do
not. • There are an estimated 10 million blind and visually impaired
people in the United States, 1.3 million of which are considered legally blind
![Page 5: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Vision impairments can affect people from every culture, age and background. Most commonly you will be interviewing visually impaired people who are: • Elderly • Autistic • Those with a mental condition • Those with a physical disability that affects their vision • Veterans • Blind from birth • Those who are recently blind or visually impaired because of
trauma or illness • Those who culturally don’t make eye contact
![Page 6: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Over 65% of what is gathered from a conversation is
collected by observing non-verbal cues. • Those with visual impairments may be missing out on over
35% of communication cues like: o facial expressions o gestures o head nods
• Different techniques must be used to create comfort, show
trust and create clarity.
![Page 7: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Here are some things to think about before the interview: • Do you have background detail about your client’s ability?
• Are you prepared to offer a longer session of time?
• Do you have (or can you get) your confidentiality and general
agency forms transcribed? • Be prepared to use physical contact to guide.
• Physical contact will last longer.
• Can you meet them in their setting?
• If in an office setting, be prepared to go out to lobby and
meet them.
![Page 8: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Ask about their condition and how they are usually
accommodated. They know themselves the best. • Mention your nerves or naivety in accommodating visually
impaired people. • ALWAYS ASK FOR PERMISSION TO GUIDE!
• Guide them to their chair.
• Go over forms together.
• Never interact with a guide dog when on duty.
More tips!
![Page 9: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Describe your setting • Describe EVERYTHING you are doing.
• Describe it from their point of view.
• Don’t describe things by color/size. Descriptions must be
relational. • Don’t move things! Keep the set up of the room consistent.
More tips!
![Page 10: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Check in with the individual every 15 minutes or so. • Direct your voice. Address your speaking directly to them,
not away. • Be aware of client’s comfort through unique body cues.
• Avoid pausing without speech for too long or moving without
speaking. • Use your voice appropriately.
• Describe any things that are affecting your voice.
• Always announce when you leave the room.
![Page 11: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
People with Terminal Illnesses
![Page 12: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Terminally Ill - signifies a person has a prognosis of 6 or less months to live
• Some common illnesses that are or can become terminal:
o Cancers (Pancreatic, Lung, Leukemia...) o Chronic heart & lung conditions o Kidney failures o Alzheimers and other forms of Dementia o Lou Gehrig's disease/ ALS (neuromuscular disease) o AIDS
• Services available:
o hospital care, hospice care, counseling
![Page 13: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• In your personal lives
• Via social groups (church, clubs...)
• With clients who are nearing death
• To relate to clients whose loved ones are dying
![Page 14: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Client's cultural views toward death and dying • Condition of person you are going to interact with
![Page 15: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• It is ESSENTIAL that you understand the certainty of your own death
• Address any fears you have about death or talking to a
dying person. • Ask yourself...
o What are you personal values on life and death?
o What are your cultural beliefs on death? How could they affect your professional practice?
o How would the death of a client of yours affect you?
![Page 16: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Physical Attending:o Get on their level physically
on your knees on a chair
o Get close are they hard of hearing?
o Show physical care through touch hold hands, touch
shoulder o Focused Listeningo Make eye contact
• Let the individual know they
are attractive and loveable • What are they not saying?
Can this be a clue to an issue in their dying process?
![Page 17: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Find a way to accept a dying person as a living person, just like yourself, rather than an "other" who is very different and object-like because they are dying (Public Affairs Television, 2000).
• Chaplain's tip for empathy - Imagine the dying individual as
a young, healthy, child with no wrinkles or scratches • Non-verbal empathy (physical attending)
• Let go of your personal distractions
• Be sensitive to their pain, but give attention to the PERSON
![Page 18: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Are you comfortable talking about your illness/condition?
• What does your condition feel like?
• What gives you comfort at this time? (respecting integrity of patient; practices beneficence)
• Life Review - Questions about their life. Have they already
had experiences with death in their life? • Questions about "trivial things" can lead to more substantial
conversation
![Page 19: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Be careful not to say "you are going to get better." • Avoid using the words "death" or "dying" etc. around the
person. Rather, use euphemisms like "passing" or "passed on" (M. Lodge, Personal communication, February 13, 2009).
• When meeting only once, do not ask about life regrets and
dark experiences - Keep things in the positive realm
![Page 20: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
More specifically to alcohol and harder drugs
![Page 21: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals• Treatment needs to be readily available
• Effective treatment needs to attend to multiple needs of the
individual, not just his or her drug use • Remaining in treatment for an adequate period of time is
critical for recovery- this is usually around 3 months, but depends on the type of drug
![Page 22: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Agonist Maintenance
Narcotic Antagonist
Outpatient
Long or short term Residential
Medical Detoxification
Prison-based Programs
![Page 24: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Are meant to supplement and enhance treatment programs. They have all been
supported by research through the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
![Page 25: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Basic Principles:1. Express empathy2. Develop discrepancy3. Avoid argumentation4. Roll with resistance5. Support self-efficacy
Phase I: Build motivation for change
Phase II: Strengthen commitment to change
Follow-through Stresses importance of using a significant other (SO) in the process, this works especially well for marijuana addicts & alcoholics.
The Counselor should:• High level of empathy• Interpersonal warmth • Ask open-ended questions• Use reflective listening• Roll with resistance • Support client perception
that change is possible & can be accomplished
Avoid:• Confrontation/denial trap• Expert role• Closed/short answer
questions• Don't label client
![Page 26: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Teaches behavior modification
• Collaborative, action-oriented therapy
• Behavioral experiments• Role-play exercises • Skills training• Brief time period therefore
relapse is highly possible• Inappropriate for those with
cognitive disabilities (depending on level of functioning)
Counselors should:• Focus on current situation
& solution• Change views & beliefs
about life• Give control to client
Counselors should avoid:• Overdependence• Focusing on the past• Changing client personality
traits
![Page 27: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Cognitive-behavioral • Learning processes play
critical role in development of maladaptive behavioral patterns
• Learn to identify & correct problematic behaviors
• Enhance self-control5 primary components:1. Assessment2. Warning sign ID3. Warning sign management4. Recovery Planning5. Relapse intervention training
Counselors should:• Enter into collaborative
relationship with client• Supportive & directive
approach• Point out self-defeating ways
of thinking/acting while advoacting basic integrity of client
• Very directive in establishing agenda & maintaining procedures
Counselors should avoid:• Projecting problems on
clients that they don't have• Avoid harsh confrontation
![Page 28: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
To be Deaf mean to partially or wholly lacking or deprived of the sense of hearing ; to be unable to hear (2009, Defining Deaf
Culture).
![Page 30: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
General information
• Most people who are deaf do not consider themselves to have a disability
• Hearing Aids do not completely solve the problem
• Be aware of social norms within deaf culture
• ASL IS NOT A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE
General tips when Interviewing
• I conduct the interview in a well lit area if the client is lip reading
• Ask how to client would prefer to communicate during the interview
• Speak in a normal tone with a normal seed of speech
• Treat everyone with respect
![Page 31: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Interviewing with an Interpreter
• obtain a interpreter that specializes in a particular subject if needed.
• Position the interpreter next to the interviewer
• Eye contact with the client
• Speak directly to the deaf or heard of hearing person.
Interviewing without anInterpreter
• Provide a written copy of the interview question
• Use a lot of gestures and facial expressions
• Maintain eye contact with client
• Be prepared to rephrase questions if necessary
![Page 32: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Do NOT always rely on note taking or just speech reading
• DO NOT speak directly to the interpreter
• DO NOT assume the client is struggling because they are Deaf
• DO NOT assume anything about any client
![Page 33: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Hearing Health Clinico 2940 Squalicum Parkway, Bellingham WA.
• Bellingham Hearing Center Incorporatedo 303 Potter Street, Bellingham WA
• Hearing Speech and Deafness Centero 114 West Magnolia Street-Suite 316
![Page 34: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• General interviewing skills
o respect of the persono empathyo listeningo attending
• Client has power in how to discuss their illness or disability
• Supporting the individual and their needs
• Owning your mistakes as interviewer
![Page 35: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Commonly used Signs
![Page 36: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
About ASL. (2009). ASL info. Retrieved February 10, 2009, from http://www.aslinfo.com/aboutasl.cfm/ http://www.aslinfo.com/aboutasl.cfm/
About us. (2009) Hearing speech and deafness center. Retrieved February 10, 2009, from http://www.hsdc.org/aboutus/
American Foundation for the Blind. (2009). Living with vision loss. Retrieved on February 19, 2009, from http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?SectionID=40
ASL info. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from http://www.aslinfo.com/hints.cfm/
Bellingham hearing center incorporated. (n.d.). Welcome to Bellingham Hearing Center. Retrieved February 16, 2009, from http://www.bellhear.com/
Braithwaite, D. O., & Thompson, T. L. (2000). Handbook of communication and people with disabilities: Research and application. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Defining deaf culture. (2009). What is Deaf culture? Retrieved February 10, 2009, from http://www.deafculture.com/definitions/
Duba, J. D., & Magenta, M. (2008). End-of-life decision making: A preliminary outline for preparing counselors to work with terminally ill individuals. The Family Journal, 16(4), 384-390. Retrieved February 3, 2009 from the EbscoHost Database.
![Page 38: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Feldman, D. B., & Lasher Jr., S. A. (2007). What should I be saying?: Learning to talk with someone who is dying. In The end-of-life handbook: A compassionate guide to connecting with and caring for a dying loved one (pp. 109-125). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications. Florida Division of Blind Services. (2008). A guide to working with persons with who are blind or visually impaired. Retrieved on February 19, 2009, from http://www.myflorida.com/dbs/employer/work_with_blind.php Florida Division of Blind Services. (2008). Basic facts about blindness and visual impairments.Retrieved on February 19, 2009, from http://www.myflorida.com/dbs/employer/basic_facts.php
Ford-Martin, P. (2005). Behavioral therapy health article. Retrieved February 18, 2009, from healthline.comHearing Health Clinic. ( 2008). Hearing loss facts & statistics. Retrieved February 16, 2009, from http://www.hearinghealthclinic.com/facts.html
Hearing Health Clinic. ( 2008). Hearing loss facts & statistics. Retrieved February 16, 2009, from http://www.hearinghealthclinic.com/facts.html
Job Accommodation Network. (2008). Accommodation and compliance series:Employees with vision impairments. Retrieved on February 17, 2009, from http://www.jan.wvu.edu/media/Sight.html
Medical Ethics Advisor, (2008, December). End-of-life discussions with physicians have benefits. Medical Ethics Advisor, 24(12), 141-142. Retrieved February 3, 2009 from the EbscoHost Database.
Miller, W. R. (1995). Motivational enhancement therapy with drug abusers. Retrieved February 16, 2009, from www.motivationalinterview.org/clinical/METDrugAbuse.PDF
![Page 39: Interviewing Individuals with Physical Disabilities and Diseases](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062803/568148b8550346895db5d094/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Murphy, B. C., & Dillon, C. ( 2008). Interviewing in action in a multicultural world. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2000). Approaches to drug abuse counseling. (National Institutes of Health Publication No. 00-4151). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (1999). Principles of drug addiction treatment: A research- based guide. (National Institutes of Health Publication No. 00-4180). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
National Technical Institute for the Deaf. (2009). Interviewing a Deaf Person. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://www.ntid.rit.edu/nce/emp_interview.php
Public Affairs Television (Producer). (2000). Living with dying [Series episode]. In On our own terms: Moyers on Dying [Video Tape]. Princeton, NJ: Films for the humanities & sciences.
Sardegna, J., & Paul, O. T. (Eds.). (1991). The encyclopedia of blindness and vision impairments. (pp. 2-159). New York: Facts on File.
Sinick, Daniel. (1976, November). Must dying be deadly?: Counseling the dying and their survivors. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 55(3), 122-123. Retrieved February 3, 2009, from the EbscoHost Database.
Useful tips for working/communicating with someone who is deaf or hard of hearing. (2009). ASL info. Retrieved February 22, 2009, from http://www.aslinfo.com/hints.cfm/