intoduction part 3

8/12/2019 Intoduction Part 3

1/23

Part III

LIST OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES

m.pt:94, Napt!"

Colored crystalline solid. Slightly soluble in water. Readily soluble

in NaOH, alcohol, ether etc

1. No colour with neutral FeCI3in H2O but gies white !!t.

2. Sha"e a s#all a#ounl o$ the co#!ound with #i%ture haing

e&ual olu#e o$ I2 and 'l and add e%cess o$ NaOH(iolet

colour, ra!idly dar"ening and $ollowed by a !reci!itate.

3. )a"e a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound in test tube and add to it

2#l. o$ ai NaOH solution and one dro! o$ chloro$or#. *ar# a

blue colour. )his test is also gien by +(na!hthol.

. )a"e a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound in a test tube, add to it 2

#l. o$ NaOH, a dro! o$ carbon tetrachloride and a !inch o$

co!!er !owder. *ar# the contents( blue colour -distinction$ro# +(na!hthol.

D#r$%at$%#&:

i. /en0oate .. 45

ii. icrate .. 1675

iii. 8cetate .. 45i. 9ibro#o .1:5

1


2/23

. (Nitroben0yl ether .. 1:5

i. 9initroben0oate ..21;5.

ii. ()osyl .. 665

Mp.', R#&"r($)"*

'OH white crystalline solid. Odourless Soluble in H2O, ether,

alcohol and chloro$or#.

1. *ith neutral a&. FeCl3sol. It gies blue iolet colour

2. Heat 1 c.c. o$ the a&ueous solution o$ the original co#!ound

with 1 #l o$ NaOH solution and a dro! o$ chloro$or# till a

de$inite red o$ iolet red colour is !roduced. Now $ill u! the

test(tube with water(a red solution a!!earing iolet(red onsha"ing, giing no $luorescence on dilution indicates resorcinol,

while a iolet(red solution changing to dee! red, yielding a

green $luorescence indicates orcinol.

3. Heat a #i%ture o$ s#all a#ount -rice(grain o$ !hthalic

anhydride and twice this bul" o$ the original co#!ound with 2

dro!s o$ cone. H2SO until the #i%ture a!!ears red(brown in

colour. Cool and add a $ew dro!s o$ water $ollowed by NaOH

solution gradually and with sha"ing until the #i%ture is

al"aline, tube out 1#l. o$ this solution in a test(tube and $ill u!

the latter with water ( a yellow(green $luorescence indicates

resorcinol.

. No !!t, with lead acetate solution

. 8!!ly general tests o$ !olyhydric !henols.

2


3/23

D#r$%at$%#&:

i. 9iben0oate .. 11;5

ii. 9iben0enesul!honate .. 475iii. 9i(!(toluenesul!honale ..6:

i. 3,(diitroben0oate ..2:1

. ()osyl ..6:5

i. 9ibro#o ..I 125

m.pt: +'', Napt!t!"*

in"(brown coloured crystalline solid haing saint odour. Soluble

in NaOH, ether, alcohol and ben0ene< s!aringly soluble in water.

1. No colour with neutral FeCl3

2. *ith titanic acid in conc. H2SOgies red colour.

3. Its solution in NaOH when war#ed with chloro$or# gies a

blue color -Note that i$ CHCl3is re!laced by CClno colour

is obtained.. hthalein test ( $aint green colour with so#e $luorescence.

. er$or# )est No. #entioned in =(na!thol -. 75.

D#r$%at$%#&:

i. 8cetate .. ;:5

ii. /en0oae ..1:;.iii. Oucrate . 145

3


4/23

i. ()oluenesul!honate .. 12>

. 3,(9initroben0oate .. 2125

i. .)osyl . 125

CAR-O/LIC ACIDS

+00 C$))am$( a($1

Shining crea# colored crystals s!aringly soluble in water and

chloro$or# soluble in alcohol and ether.

1. )a"e 2 #l. o$ the neutral solution o$ the co#!ound, add an eual

olu#e o$ a& 'nO solution and sha"e(!ur!le colour o$

!er#anganate is discharged with the a!!earance o$ brown !!t. and

bitter(al#ond li"e odour o$ ben0aldehyde.

2. )a"e 2 #l. o$ the neutral solution o$ acid and add 2 #l. o$ al"aline

'NOsolution. Heat and $ilter. Cool the $iltarse white crystals o$

ben0oic acid are obtained.

D#r$%at$%#&:

i. a#ide ..I;:

ii. 8nilide.. 13?

iii. !()oluidie..1465

i. 9ibro#o .. 2:35

. !(Nitraoben0yl ester . 11;5

i. S/).. 1;5

+2+3 Oa*$( a($1 5H61rat#17, 5COOH7''H'O

Soluble in water.

1. )a"e about 2 #l. o$ the a&. soluion o$ o%alic acid, add 2 #l o$


5/23

glacial acetic acid and 2(3 dro!s o$ a&. CaCl 2 solution (white

!!t. insoluble in acetic acid but soluble in dil. HCI

2. 8dd dro!s o$ conc H2SOto a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound

in a dry test(tube and war# the contents gently by rotating the

end o$ the tube oer a s#all $la#e and turn the #outh o$ the

tube !eriodically to the $la#e -characteristic blue $la#e o$

carbon #ono%ide.

3. Heat the a&. Sow$ion o$ the co#!ound with acidic 'nO

!ur!le colour o$ 'nOis discharged.

D#r$%at$%#&:

i. 8#ide -di .175d

ii. 8nilide -di ..2:

iii. ()oluidide ..24;:

@

*hite shining cystals, s!aringly soluble in cold water but $airly in

soluble hot water, alcohol ben0ene, acetone. CHCI3, and CCAB /u$$!!t.

with neutral a&ueous FeCI3 solution.

D#r$%at$%#&:

-i 8#ide .. 1265

-ii ()oluidide .. 165

1215 /en0oic acid


6/23

-iii 8nilide .. 145

+08 A(#t6* &a*$(6*$( a($1 5A&p$r$)7

)a"e :.2 g#. o$ acid and 2#l. o$ dil. NaOH in a test tube. /oil the

contents $or #inutes. Cool, add dil. HCl (white !reci!itate o$ salicylic

acid will be obtained.

D#r$%at$%#&:

i. a#ide .. 1365

ii. anilide . 1345

iii. salicylic acid .. 15

i. (Nitroben0y eser .. 1:5

+8 &(($)$( a($1, COOH CH'CH'COOH

Soluble in water, alcohol and acetone S!aringly soluble in ether.

1. i% a rice(grain o$ the original co#!ound with double.he

a#ount o$ resorcinol and 2 dro!s o$ cone. H2SO. ently heat

the contents until the #i%ture attains a red brown colour, cool,

ad a $ew dro!s o$ water $ollowed by a&. NaOH till the solution

beco#es al"aline. )a"e out 1 #l. o$ this solution into another

test tube and $ill he later with water -yellow green

$luorescence.

2. 9eriatiesD 8#ides .!(24: 5 c < 8nilides(.(226 5c

4

OCH

0


7/23

+98(, P*$t!a*$( a($1

1. soluble in hot water and CHCI3S!aringly soluble in ether.

2. i%. 8 rice grain $or the substance with double the a#ount o$

!henol in a dry test(tube. 8dd 2 dro!s o$ cone. H2SOand heat

gently till the #i%ture attains red(brown colour. Cool, add $ew

dro!s o$ water $ollowed by gradual addition o$ a&. NaOH

solution with sha"ing till the solution beco#es al"aline(red

colour due to !henol!hthalein $or#ation< the colour is

discharged on adding as acid.

3. i% a rice grain o$ the substance with double the a#ount o$

resorcinol 8dd 2 dro!s o$ conc H2SOand heat gently till the

#i%ture attains red brown colour. Cool, add $ew dro!s o$ water

and then s&. NaOH till the solution beco#es al"aline. )a"e out

1 #l. o$ this al"aline solution in another test(tube and $ill u! the

later with water -yellow green $luorescence.

D#r$%at$%#&:

i. 8#ide -di .. 22:5

ii. 8nilide -di .2:5

iii. ()oluidide -di .. 2:15

;

O

C

C

O

O


8/23

+02 P!t!a*$( a)!61r$1#

1. Insoluble in cold water but dissoles readily in hot water with

deco#!osition. Soluble in ben0ane and alcohol

2. Res!onds tests #entioned under !hthalic acid.

3. ies $luorescence test

D#r$%at$%#&:

i. *ith 0inc dust and acetic acid gies !hthalide .. ;35

ii. 8#ide .. 175

iii. 8nil .. 21:5

i. -8#lic acid .. 1;:5

ALIPHATIC H/DRO/ ACIDS

+22 C$tr$( A($1 HCOOH. CH'OH 5COOH7CH'COOH, ;2

1. Soluble in water and alcohol but less in ether

2. *ar# a s#all a#ount o$ the acid with conc H2SOeolution o$

CO and CO2 ta"es !lace and the #i%ture turns into yellow

solution without charring. Heat the aboe solution $or one

#inute, cool dilute with water, add sodiu# hydro%ide solution

$ollowed by sodiu# nitro!russide solution intense red colourchanging to iolet on adding CH3COOH.

3. *hite crystalline !reci!itate on boiling the neutral solution with

calciu# chloride solution -note that no !!t. is $or#ed in cold

. /lue colour with +(na!hthol in concentrated sull!huric acid

. er$or# test - #entioned on !g1:7(11:.

4. 8nd $ew dro!s o$ 8gNO3solution to the a&ueous solution o$ the

co#!ound -a white !!t in NH2OH and "ee! the test tube in

6


9/23

boiling water bath -a siler #irror is de!osited on the walls o$

test(tube.

D#r$%at$%#&:

i. 8cetyl .115

ii. 8#ide-tri . 21:5

iii. 8nilide -tri ..1675

+>2 Tartar$( a($1, HOOC.CH5OH7.CH5OH7.COOH, E8

1. Soluble in water and alcohol, Bess soluble in ether.

2. Charring along with e$$erescences o$ CO and CO2on heating

with concentrated sul!huric acid

3. Reduces a##onical siler nitrate solution -see test No. -4 in

citric acid

. )o acid solution in water, add one dro! o$ FeSO solution,

sha"e and add one dro! o$ H2O2 solution and then 2 #l. o$

NaOH solution -intense iolet colour.

. )o acid solution and cobalt nitrate solution $ollowed by e%cess

o$ sodiu# hydro%ide solution no colour in cold, blue colour on

war#ing, again colourless on cooling.

4. reen colour with +(na!thol in cone. Sul!huric acid the colour

changes to orange on dilution.

;. )a"e 3 #l. o$ neutral solution o$ acid, add 1 #l. o$ a&. CaCl2

solution and sha"e igorously heay, write crystalline !!t.

soluble on boiling with 1#l. o$ glacial CH3COOH.

6. )o the a&ueous solution add E solution o$ a##ot#u#

anadate, acidi$y it with dil. CH3COOH -orange color.

7. Heat :.2 g#. o$ acid, :.2 g#. o$ resorcinol and 2 #l. o$ cone,

7


10/23

H2SOin a test tube iolet red colour a!!ears.

D#r$%at$%#&:

i. 8#ide -di I75d.

ii. 8nilide -di ..245d.

iii. 8cetyl .. 1245

PHENOLIC ACIDS

m"*. ?t +0. COOH M.P +8 Sa*$(6 *$# a($1.

1. Colourless needle ty!e crystals. S!aringly Soluble in water $or

dissoles in hot water, alcohol, ether and ben0ene.

2. Sha"e a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound with cold water and

then add a dro! o$ neutral a&. $erric chloride solution ( iolet

colour.

3. )a"e a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound in a dry test tube, add

about 1: dro!s o$ #ethyl alcohol and 1: dro!s o$ cone. H2SO.

Heat the contents gently, cool and !our these contents into a

dish haing #l. o$ water -odour o$ oil o$ wintergreen -#ethyl

salicylate.

. 8dd 1 #l. o$ cone. HNO3to a s#all a#ount -:.2g#. o$ the

acid. lace the test(tube in a boiling water(bath $or #inutess

reagent

3. ies ra!id $ur$ural test, .2

. 8!!ly test No - #entioned under #altose using twice the

a#ount o$ lead acetate -a sal#on(!in" or rose(!in" colour

D#r$%at$%#&

i. Osa0one #.! 2:5 $or#ed on wanning $or 6 #inutes

ii. enta(acetate #.! (1125 / (135

iii. O%i#e #.! 13;5

13


14/23

C.H/DROCAR-ONS

2 Nap!t!a*#)#

*hite shining crystalline solid with characteristic odour. Insoluble

in water but soluble in alcohol, ben0ene and ether. Subli#es readily.

D#r$%at$%#&:

1. Characteristic odour.

2. co#!ound CHCl3 dry 8ICI3 reen colour.

i. Na!hthalene !icrate, #.!. 175D !lace a s#all a#ount o$

the !owered na!hthalene in a test(tube and dissole it in 1

#l. o$ cold ben0ene. 8dd 2 #l. o$ saturated solution o$

!icric acid in ben0ene and sna"e, $ilter o$$ the !reci!itates reagentL

14.Na#e so#e carbonyl reagents.

1;.Na#e so#e easily o%idi0able co#!ounds.

16.Na#e so#e co#!ounds which can reduce the carbonyl reagents.

17.*hat ha!!ens when aldehydes are o%idi0ed with 'HOL

2:.*hy !henol, na!hthol are acidic in natureL

21.*hy a##onia is basic in natureL

22.*hat ha!!ens i$ an ester is hydrolysedL

23.*hat is esteri$icationL

2.Con$ir#atory test $or urea2.Identi$ication tests $or a#ino acid.

intoduction part 3

Documents