Intonation and the Trumpet I. Intro

A. The trumpet is out of tune B. Although it is difficult all the tuning difficulties can be addressed

II. Some Contributing Factors A. Harmonic series of the instrument

1. 1st partial = about a half step to a whole step low 2. 2nd partial = okay, sometimes sharp 3. 3rd partial = good 4. 4th partial = good, basis for all other partials 5. 5th partial = very flat 6. 6th partial = sharp 7. 7th partial = extremely flat 8. 8th partial = somewhat flat on some trumpets, sharp on others (check yours) 9. 9th partial = good 10. 10th partial = flat

B. Valve combinations 1. open (0) = good, basis for all other valve combinations 2. 2nd (2) = good (occasionally flat, depending on trumpet – check yours) 3. 1st (1) = good 4. 1st and 2nd (1 + 2) = sharp ; 3rd (3) = flat 5. 2nd and 3rd (2 + 3) = good (occasionally off depending on trumpet) 6. 1st and 3rd (1 + 3) = sharp 7. 1st, 2nd, and 3rd (1 + 2 + 3) = extremely sharp

C. “Lipping pitches” 1. Many learn to tune by ear and thus are accustomed to lipping notes around 2. Know your tendencies

D. Dynamics 1. Soft = sharp 2. Loud = flat

E. Mutes 1. Straight mute = usually sharp (depending on mute, check yours) 2. Cup mute = depends on mute (check yours) 3. Harmon = very sharp (check yours)

F. Intervals 1. Most people have the tendency to expand the intervals they play 2. Check your tendencies, especially on large intervals

III. How Do I Get Better at Playing in Tune? A. Pay attention to your pitch

1. Know your tendencies 2. LISTEN to yourself 3. If you practice in tune, you will play in tune

a. use a tuner b. be aware of trouble spots

B. Play more with others 1. Duets are great, as long as you actively listen while playing 2. Chamber music 3. Be aware of others’ pitch (problems) and adapt

C. In ensemble playing (large or small) no one is ever “right” (unless they can’t adapt) D. Explore (and PRACTICE) alternate fingerings (using different partials)

IV. Conclusions A. The trumpet can be played in tune B. There is always a solution, it is your responsibility to know it