intro lab - endokrin - drg. yuni

8/12/2019 Intro Lab - Endokrin - Drg. Yuni

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Yuniarti

Department Anatomy

Faculty of Medicine

UNISBA


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The Master Gland :produces hormones that control the activity of other

endocrine glands

It is a small gland located in the sella turcica (Turk's saddle) of the sphenoidbone of the skull, immediately inferior to the hypothalamus of the brain.

The sphenoid bone serves as a protective cradle around the gland.

A stalk or infundibulum attaches the gland to the hypothalamus.


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During embryogenesis, the hypophysis develops partly

from oral ectoderm and partly from nerve tissue.

Because of its dual origin, the hypophysis actually consists

of two glandsthe neurohypophysisand the

adenohypophysisthat are united anatomically but that

have different functions


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The adenohypophysis ,the part of the hypophysis that arises from oral ectoderm,

and is subdivided into three portions: a large pars distalis, or anterior lobe; a

cranial part, the pars tuberalis, which surrounds the neural stalk; and the pars

intermedia.


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Parts distalis produce : - Growth hormon (GH)

- Prolaktin

- FSH

- LH

- Thyrotropin (TSH)

- Corticotropin (ACTH)

- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone(-MSH)

Parts tuberalis produce : gonadotropins(follicle-stimulating hormone/FSH

and luteinizing hormone/LH)

Part intermedia produce : Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)


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The neurohypophysis, the part of the hypophysis that develops from

nerve tissue, consists of a large portion, the pars nervosa, and the

smaller infundibulum, or neural stalk.


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The neural stalk is composed of the stem and median eminence.


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Posterior pituitary /

neurohypofisis gland

The posterior pituitary

(posterior lobe) contains axonsand axon terminals whose cell

bodies are located in the

supraoptic and paraventricular

nuclei of the hypothalamus.

The axon teminals in theposterior pituitary are

associated with spesialized

neuroglia called pituicytes


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The hypothalamus produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / vasopressin and

oxytocin (OT).

After their production in the cell bodies, that hormone are packaged intosecretory vesicles which move by fast axonal transport to the axon terminals in

the posterior pituitary

The posterior pituitary it does not synthesize hormones, it does store

and release two hormone


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The thyroid gland is located anteriorly in the neck.

Weight : 25 g

It lies deep to the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles from the level of the C5-T1

vertebrae


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It consists primarily of right and left lobes, anterolateral to the larynx and trachea

A relatively thin isthmus unites the lobes over the trachea, usually

anterior to the second and third tracheal rings

The thyroid gland is surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule, which sends septa deeply into the

gland.


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Embedded in the posterior surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland

Each has a mass of about 40 mg (0.04 g)Usually, one superior and one inferior parathyroid gland are attached to each

lateral thyroid lobe, for a total of four.


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Location of Suprarenal Glands

Located between the

superomedial aspects of the

kidneys and the diaphragm


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The pyramidal right gland is more apical (situated over the superior pole) relative to the

right kidney, lies anterolateral to the right of the diaphragm, and makes contact with the

IVC anteromedially and the liver anterolaterally


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The crescent-shaped left gland is medial to the superior half of the left kidney and

is related to the spleen, stomach, pancreas and the left of the diaphragm


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Each suprarenal gland has two parts :

~ Suprarenal cortex

~ Suprarenal medulla


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SUPRARENAL CORTEX

Derives from mesoderm

Three zones in suprarenalcortex

Outer zone / zonaglomerulosa

Mineralocorticoid

hormone

middle zone /zona fasciculata

Glucocorticoid

hormone

Inner zone /

Zona reticularis

Androgen

hormone


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SUPRARENAL MEDULLA

Derive from neural crest cells associated

with the sympathetic nervous system

The cromaffin cells secrete catecholamines /

epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE), alsocalled adrenaline and noradrenaline,

respectively.

Unlike the hormones of the adrenal cortex, thehormones of the adrenal medulla are not

essential for life sincethey only intensify

sympathetic responses in other parts of the body.


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Location of pancreas :

Pancreas is an elongated, accessory digestive gland that lies retroperitoneally

Transversely across the posterior abdominal wall posterior to the stomach between

duodenum on the right and the spleen on the left.


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The pancreas produce :

An exocrine secretion ( pancreatic juice from the acinar cells)

that enter the duodenum through the main and accessory

pancreatic ducts.

Endocrine secretion (glucagon & insulin) from

the pancreatic islets (of langerhans) that enter blood.


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Parts of pancreas :

Head

Neck

Body

Tail


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intro lab - endokrin - drg. yuni

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