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Mississippi State University  

Intro to Electrical & Computer Engineering

P ower S ystem A pplication Laboratory

(PSAL)

September 25, 2003

Schweitzer Engineering Laboratory, Inc.

SEL Project

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 Motivation

• Brief Overview of power engineering

• Show that power engineering relates to many areasof ECE

• Show that power engineering has high tech

applications of technology

• Educate & Recruit ECE students in the area of power

Power

=

Utility

Power > Utilit

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12%

more

25%

more

35%

more

44%

more

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

2005 2010 2015 2020

 By 2020, U.S. Electricity Needs

Will Increase by 44%

Source: U.S. Department of Energy

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50% of U.S. Electricity Supplied

by Coal

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20% of U.S. Electricity Supplied

by Nuclear Energy

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16% of U.S. Electricity Supplied

by Natural Gas

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7% of U.S. Electricity Supplied

by Hydroelectric

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3% of U.S. Electricity Supplied

by Oil

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2% of U.S. Electricity Supplied

by Renewables

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The Main Interconnections of the

U.S. Electric Power Grid  

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 Power Flow

Power SubstationHigh VoltageTransmission Lines

TransmissionSubstation

Power Plant

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Undergraduate Power Related Courses:

Fundamentals of Energy Systems

Power Transmission

Power Distribution

High Voltage

Insulation Coordination in Electric Power Systems

Power Systems Relaying and Controls

For more information:

Website: www.ece.msstate.com

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What is Protective Relaying?

Protective Relaying is one of several features of the

 power system design that is concerned with minimizingdamage to equipment and interruptions to service when

electrical failures occur.

  Primary Function: Cause the prompt removal of any element of a power systemwhen it starts to operate in any abnormal manner

 Secondary Function: Provide indication of the location and type of failure

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Types of Protective Relays

• Electromechanical

• Solid State

•Digital (Microprocessor)

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 Protective Relay Requirements

• Measure Power System Voltage, Current, and

Breaker Position

• Detect Power System Fault

 –  Short circuit via overcurrrent, current differential,

impedance, undervoltage, etc.

• Trip Breaker

 – 

Isolate fault portion of the power system• Communicate with Computer Systems

• Communicate with Humans

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 Protective Relay Requirements

• Dependable  –  Always operates for power system faults in the zone of

 protection

• Secure

 –  Does not operate during normal power systemconditions or for faults outside the zone of protection

•

Fast –  Detects and clears faults in milliseconds

• Accurate

 –  << 5% error over a wide range of fault conditions

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System Data F low Diagram

All the Data flows are bi-directional

•

Use PC to change the setting or get results fromAdaptive Multi-Channel Source (AMS) through 

serial communication link

• AMS & Relay interact via serial communication

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Check out… 

 Broken Relays

 Demos