intro to american imperialism
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Intro to American imperialism, 1867-1898TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to American Imperialism
1867-1898
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What is imperialism?
• Imperialism can be defined as “a policy by which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories” (p. 257)
• This policy is generally associated with the establishment of colonies, but can also apply to expanding economic/political influence over independent nations…
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Imperialism moves forward…
• In the late 19th century European countries competed to take over territory in Africa and Asia
• In the “scramble for Africa,” only two countries on the entire continent were able to stay independent by 1900!
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From isolationist to imperialist
• Economic: desire for new markets, demand for raw materials
• Military: desire to establish military presence overseas to protect economic interests abroad
• Cultural: belief in cultural superiority (aka Social Darwinism) leads to idea that imperialism is a way to spread democracy and improve the lives of “inferior” people• Very racist ideology!
American foreign policy was rooted in isolationism since 1796…so why get involved now? (p. 258)
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“White Man’s Burden”
What different attitudes do you think the authors of these cartoons have when it comes to American imperialism?
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Early efforts at expansion• After fulfilling the policy of Manifest Destiny
and expanding from coast to coast, the United States started to look overseas…• 1867 – Alaska (p. 258) and Midway Islands• 1898 - Hawaii (p. 259)
• American planters staged a revolt (1893) and asked to be annexed by the United States…sound familiar?
• Controversial because Hawaii was an independent country -legality of annexation still contested by native Hawaiians today
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“A splendid little war”• Desire to protect business interests also led to
increased involvement in the Caribbean • Support of Cuban independence led to involvement in
the 1898 Spanish-American War (Ch. 9 Section 2)• United States wins after sixteen weeks! Territorial gains from
the war include Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines• Cuba gets independence – but with strings attached
• Platt Amendment gives USA the right to intervene in Cuban affairs anytime there is a threat to “life, property, and individual liberty”
• Cuba has to lease Guantanamo Bay to USA for naval base
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By the early 20th century the United States had cemented its position as an emerging world power…