intro. to com - 1
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Introduction to ComputersIntroduction to Computers
What Is Computer ?A computer is a essentially a machine that can store large
amounts of data and process this data whenever needed. Processing
means operations like calculations, logical decision making,
outputting data, communicating with others computer etc.
Some essential abilities of a computer are as follows :
# Very high speeds.
# Excellent accuracy
# Flexibility of operations
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Application of computerApplication of computer
It is electronic data processing machine that acceptIt is electronic data processing machine that accept
data ,process it according to the provided set ofdata ,process it according to the provided set of
instructions and produce the desired out put.instructions and produce the desired out put.
Any computer has four functions.Any computer has four functions.1.Accepting the data and instructions as input1.Accepting the data and instructions as input
2.Storing data /obtaining when required2.Storing data /obtaining when required
3.Process the data as per instructions3.Process the data as per instructions
4. Communicating information4. Communicating information
Qualities like Speed ,Storage/Reuse of information, ConsistencyQualities like Speed ,Storage/Reuse of information, Consistency
, Auto, Auto--operation, Accuracyoperation, Accuracy
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Basic Components Of A ComputerBasic Components Of A Computer
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
1.1. KeyboardKeyboard
2.2. MouseMouse
3.3. MonitorMonitor4.4. PrinterPrinter
5.5. Speakers/headphones/miSpeakers/headphones/mi
crophonescrophones6.6. CCentralentral PProcessingrocessing UUnitnit
7.7. Disk DrivesDisk Drives
Computer SoftwareComputer Software
1.1. Operating System SoftwareOperating System Software
2.2. Application SoftwareApplication Software
3.3. Internet Browser SoftwareInternet Browser Software
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Basic Components of ComputerBasic Components of Computer
MemoryMemory :: Enables a computer toEnables a computer to storestore, at least, at leasttemporarily, data and programs.temporarily, data and programs.Mass storageMass storage devicedevice :: Allows a computer toAllows a computer topermanently retain large amounts of data. Commonpermanently retain large amounts of data. Commonmass storage devices includemass storage devices include disk drivesdisk drives andand tapetape
drivesdrives..Input deviceInput device :: Usually aUsually a keyboardkeyboard andand mousemouse, the, theinput device is the conduit through which data andinput device is the conduit through which data andinstructions enter a computer.instructions enter a computer.
Output deviceOutput device :: AAdisplay screendisplay screen,, printerprinter, or other, or otherdevice that lets you see what the computer hasdevice that lets you see what the computer hasaccomplished.accomplished.
CentralCentral processingprocessing unitunit (CPU)(CPU):: TheThe heartheart ofof thethecomputer,computer, thisthis isis thethe componentcomponent thatthat actuallyactually executesexecutes
instructionsinstructions..
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Classification OfComputerClassification OfComputer PersonalPersonal computercomputer :: AA small,small, singlesingle--useruser computercomputer
basedbased onon aa microprocessormicroprocessor.. InIn additionaddition toto thethemicroprocessor,microprocessor, aa personalpersonal computercomputer hashas aa keyboardkeyboard forforenteringentering data,data, aa monitormonitor forfor displayingdisplaying information,information, andandaa storagestorage devicedevice forfor savingsaving datadata..
WorkstationWorkstation :: AA powerful,powerful, singlesingle--useruser computercomputer.. AAworkstationworkstation isis likelike aa personalpersonal computer,computer, butbut itit hashas aamoremore powerfulpowerful microprocessormicroprocessor andand aa higherhigher--qualityqualitymonitormonitor..
MinicomputerMinicomputer :: AA multimulti--useruser computercomputer capablecapable ofof
supportingsupporting fromfrom 1010 toto hundredshundreds ofof usersusers simultaneouslysimultaneously.. MainframeMainframe :: AA powerfulpowerful multimulti--useruser computercomputer capablecapable ofof
supportingsupporting manymany hundredshundreds oror thousandsthousands ofof usersuserssimultaneouslysimultaneously..
SupercomputerSupercomputer :: AnAn extremelyextremely fastfast computercomputer thatthat cancanperformperform hundredshundreds ofof millionsmillions ofof instructionsinstructions perper secondsecond..
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What is Software ?What is Software ?
Every Computer needs instructions from the user for executing
different tasks. A set of such logically ordered instructions givento a computer to performs a tasks or solve a problem is call a
program.
A set of one or more programs is called software
Categories of software
1.1. O r ti g Sy t S ftw r O r ti g Sy t S ftw r
2.2. Appli ti S ftw r Appli ti S ftw r
3.3. I t r t r w r S ftw r I t r t r w r S ftw r
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Oper ti g Sy tem S ftw r e
( NOVELL & WINDOWS )
An Operating System Software is a program that allows you to
communicate with the computer by giving it commands to
operate its disks in various disk drives where information can bestored & retrieved
If you are working on a network, you need to Operating System
Softwares (both running at the same time Novell = Network Operating System Software
y Windows = Desk Operating System software
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Application Software
Word Processing
Words Program; used for letters; reports, tables ,etc.
MICROSOFT WORD
(*.DOC)
Spreadsheet
Numbers Program; used for payroll; budgets;
financial statements, etc.
MICROSOFT EXCEL
(*.XLS)
DatabaseRecords Program; used for employee, customer or
inventory records, etc.
MICROSOFTACCESS( *.MDB)
Desktop Publishing
Publishing Program; used for brochures; flyers;
newsletters, posters, etc.
MICROSOFT
PUBLISHER ( *.PUB)
Presentation
Slides Program; used for speeches
MICROSOFT
POWERPOINT (*.PPT)
Web Site Design & Management
Web Program; used for designing & managing web
sites
MICROSOFT
FRONTPAGE
(no extension)
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Internet Browser Software :
Programs such as Internet Explorer, fire
fox orNetscape Navigatorthat you useto browse the Internet .
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Appli ti f mputerAppli ti f mputer
Commercial ApplicationCommercial Application : Pay roll, Invoice,Market: Pay roll, Invoice,Marketresearch, Personal record.research, Personal record.
Customer serviceCustomer service: Electric bill,railway, airlines,: Electric bill,railway, airlines,banking service.banking service.
EducationEducation: Result processing, class note, teaching,: Result processing, class note, teaching,online examination.online examination.
GovernmentGovernment: Planning,budgeting, records day to: Planning,budgeting, records day today dealingday dealing
Textile/Industries/EngineeringTextile/Industries/Engineering : Designing,: Designing,drafting, machine handlingdrafting, machine handling
ResearchResearch : Review, Planning analysis of results.: Review, Planning analysis of results.
TransportTransport: Traffic control and booking: Traffic control and booking
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ComputerNetworkComputerNetwork
LocalLocal AreaArea NetworksNetworks :: NetworkNetwork ofof interconnectedinterconnectedcomputercomputer inin aa singlesingle room,room, roomsrooms withwith inin samesamebuildingbuilding withwith thethe samesame premisepremise..
WideWide AreaArea NetworksNetworks :: ItIt isis computercomputer networkingnetworkingspanningspanning aa regional,regional, nationalnational oror geographicalgeographicalareaarea.. WhenWhen manymany networksnetworks inin thethe worldworld
connectedconnected toto eacheach otherother byby OpticalOptical FiberFiberCablesCables ,,telephonetelephone lineslines oror satellitesatellite thenthen itit isis knownknown asasWANWAN..
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What is InternetWhat is Internet
ItIt isis windowswindows toto globalglobal informationinformation.. TheThe globalglobal
interconnectedinterconnected networksnetworks useuse TCPTCP // IPIP
protocolsprotocols.. ItIt isis knownknown asas networksnetworks ,, inin whichwhich
thethe networksnetworks // computerscomputers operatingoperating inin differentdifferent
environmentenvironment areare knittedknitted toto thethe internetinternet byby aa
communicationcommunication protocol protocol (( TCPTCP // IPIP )) ,, toto
provide provide thethe variousvarious applicationapplication servicesservices ii..ee..EE--MailMail ,, UsenetUsenet (( NewsNews )) ,, WWW,WWW, Telnet,Telnet,
FTP,FTP, etcetc..
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Why Use The InternetWhy Use The Internet
M ke your t k easierMake your taskseasier
Work ona teamspread across the worldWork ona teamspread across the world
Commercial ServicesCommercial Services
Electronic books & PublicationElectronic books & Publication
Sharing dataand results quicklySharing dataand results quickly
Retrieving files & Programofall typesRetrieving files & Programofall types Find information databasesand tutorialsFind information databasesand tutorials
NewspapercoloumsNewspapercoloums
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Communication facilities on Internet: World Wide Web (www): English computer scientist Timothy
erners - Lee developed
E-mail:
Voice mail:
Worldwide video conferencing
Chatting
Customersupport service
Exchange of views on topics ofcommon interest
Facsimile (Fax) Feedback about products
FTP: File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Information availability by multimedia
On-line journals and magazines
On-line shopping Posting of information of general interest
Product promotion.
Software sharing
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
Web Directory
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The Internet TODAYThe Internet TODAY
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Computer conferencing
attended by a learner
COMPUTER BASED
CONFERENCING
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VIDEO CONFERENCINGVIDEO CONFERENCING
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IT in AgricultureIT in Agriculture
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