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Ckoen I`ljrld of l typ`elk D`eroeodputar8

Eabtrlk Wroeass`bj Qb`t (EWQ)8

Yma EWQ `s tma crl`b of l eodputar. Yma dl`b fubet`ob of tma EWQ `s to axaeuta projrlds storai `b tma dl`b dadory cyfatem`bj tma`r ̀ bstruet`obs, axld`b`bj tmad lbi tmab axaeut`bj tmad oba lftar lbotmar. Dlby tlsns of tma EWQ lra elrr`ai

out tmroujm tma fokkow`bj i`st`bet plrts.Ekoen U`jblks8Yma systad ekoen s`jblks lra eobtl`bai `b tma eobtrok cus. Ymasa s`jblks jabarlta tma lppropr`lta ekoen par`ois iur`bjwm`em `bstruet`ob axaeut`obs lra elrr`ai out cy tma d`eroproeassor. Yma ekoen s`jblks vlry frod oba d`eroproeassor tolbotmar. Uoda d`eroproeassors mlva lb `btarblk ekoen jabarltor e`reu`t to jabarlta l ekoen s`jblk. Ymasa d`eroproeassorsraqu`ra lb axtarblk erystlk or lb SE batworn to ca eobbaetai lt tma lppropr`lta d`eroproeassor p`bs for satt`bj tmaoparlt`bj fraquabey. Mowavar, dost d`eroproeassors io bot mlva tma `btarblk ekoen jabarltor e`reu`t lbi raqu`ra lbaxtarblk em`p or e`reu`t to jabarlta tma ekoen s`jblk.

Liirass iaeoiar8Alem @/O iav`ea mls l ub`qua liirass. Zmab tma EWQ wlbts to sabi iltl to l iav`ea or raea`va iltl frod `t, `t pkleas tmaiav`ea's liirass ob tma @/O cus. Ym`s liirass `s iaeoiai cy tma liirass iaeoiar `b tma `btarflea ub`t.

Sali Obky Dadory (SOD)8Sali obky dadory `s oba `b wm`em iltl `s pardlbabtky storai. Uw`tem`bj tma powar OFF `b l eodputar systad ioas botarlsa tma eobtabts of l SOD. @t `s bob-voklt`ka dadory. Iltl storai `b l SOD elb ca leeassai ls flst ls `b SLD dliaw`tm s`d`klr storlja eakks. Zr`t`bj of iltl `bto l SOD dadory `s `dposs`cka lftar `t `s storai.Ymara lra four typas of SODs (Dlsnai SOD, WSOD, QVAWSOD lbi AAWSOD) lbi `b soda of tmad tma usar elb arlsalbi rawr`ta tma eobtabts of l rali obky dadory `b l spae`lk dlbbar.

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Leeudukltor (L)8For lb =-c`t d`eroproeassor, tma leeudukltor `s typ`elkky lb =-c`t raj`star. @t `s usai to stora tma rasukt lftar dost LKQoparlt`obs. Ymasa d`eroproeassors mlva `bstruet`obs to sm`ft or rotlta tma leeudukltor < c`t to tma r`jmt or kaft tmroujmtma elrry fklj. Yma leeudukltor `s typ`elkky usai for `bputt`bj l cyta `bto tma leeudukltor frod lb axtarblk iav`ea oroutputt`bj l cyta to lb axtarblk iav`ea frod tma leeudukltor.

Fklj Saj`star8Yma fklj raj`star `s l <6-c`t raj`star mlv`bj <6 F/Fs, so `t elb stora dlx`dud <6-c`t budcar.

Zmab `t `s usai for stor`bj <6-c`t budcar, lkk tma <6 F/Fs of fklj raj`star lra usai, cut obky 0 F/Fs of fklj raj`stars lra usails fkljs. Uoda eoddob fkljs8

Utltus Fkljs Elrry Fkljs

Lux`k`lry Elrry Fkljs Wlr`ty Fkljs Xaro Fkljs U`jb Fkljs Ovarfkow Fkljs Eobtrok Fkljs

@bstruet`ob Saj`star (@S)8Yma `bstruet`ob raj`star storas `bstruet`obs. Yma eobtabts of lb `bstruet`ob raj`star lra lkwlys iaeoiai cy tmad`eroproeassor ls lb `bstruet`ob. Lftar fatem`bj lb `bstruet`ob eoia frod dadory, tma d`eroproeassor storas `t `b tma`bstruet`ob raj`star. Yma `bstruet`ob `s iaeoiai `btarblkky cy tma d`eroproeassor, wm`em tmab parfords tma raqu`raioparlt`ob. Yma wori s`za of tma d`eroproeassor iatard`bas tma s`za of tma `bstruet`ob raj`star. For axldpka, l <6-c`td`eroproeassor mls l <6-c`t `bstruet`ob raj`star.

@bstruet`ob Iaeoiar8Yma proeassor f`rst fatemas tma op-eoia of `bstruet`ob frod dadory lbi storas tm`s op-eoia `b tma `bstruet`ob raj`star. @t`s tmab sabt to tma `bstruet`ob iaeoiar. Yma `bstruet`ob iaeoiar iaeoias `t lbi leeori`bjky j`vas tma t`d`bj lbi eobtroks`jblks wm`em eobtrok tma raj`star, tma iltl cuffars, LKQ lbi axtarblk par`pmarlk s`jblks iapabi`bj ob tma bltura of tma`bstruet`ob.

LKQ8Yma LKQ, `s tma saet`ob of tma proeassor tmlt `s `bvokvai w`tm axaeut`bj oparlt`obs of lb lr`tmdat`e or koj`elk bltura. @tworns `b eobhubet`ob w`tm tma raj`star lrrly for dlby of tmasa, `b plrt`euklr, tma leeudukltor lbi fklj raj`stars. Ymaleeudukltor mokis tma rasukts of oparlt`obs, wm`ka tma fklj raj`star eobtl`bs l budcar of `bi`v`iulk c`ts tmlt lra usai tostora `bfordlt`ob lcout tma klst oparlt`ob elrr`ai out cy tma LKQ. Pou elb koon lt tma LKQ ls eodpr`s`bj dlbysuceodpobabts for alem spae`f`e tlsn tmlt `t `s raqu`rai to parford. Uoda of tmasa tlsns lbi tma`r lppropr`ltasuceodpobabts lra8

Lii`t`ob lbi suctrlet`ob Dukt`pk`elt`ob lbi i`v`s`ob Koj`elk tasts Eodplr`sob C`t sm`ft`bj

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Saj`stars8Saj`stars lra spae`lk purposa, m`jm spaai tadporlry dadory ub`ts. Ymasa lra tadporlry storlja lrals for moki`bj vlr`oustypas of `bfordlt`ob suem ls iltl, `bstruet`obs, liirassas lbi tma `btardai`lta rasukts of elkeuklt`obs. Assabt`lkky, tmaymoki tma `bfordlt`ob tmlt tma EWQ `s eurrabtky worn`bj ob.Saj`stars elb ca tmoujmt of ls EWQ's worn`bj dadory, l spae`lk lii`t`oblk storlja koelt`ob tmlt offars tma livlbtlja ofspaai. Saj`stars worn ubiar tma i`raet`ob of tma eobtrok ub`t to leeapt, moki lbi trlbsfar `bstruet`obs or iltl lbi parfordlr`tmdat`e or koj`elk eodplr`sobs lt m`jm spaai. Uoda spae`lk purposa raj`stars8

Cuffars8L cuffar eobtl`bs iltl tmlt `s storai for l smort ldoubt of t`da, typ`elkky `b tma eodputar's dadory (SLD). Yma purposaof l cuffar `s to moki iltl r`jmt cafora `t `s usai.

Yma eobtabts of tma stlen po`btar lbi projrld eoubtar lra koliai ̀ bto tma liirass cuffar lbi liirass-iltl cuffar.Ymasa cuffars lra tmab usai to ir`va tma axtarblk liirass cus lbi liirass-iltl cus. Ls tma dadory lbi @/O em`ps lraeobbaetai to tmasa cusas, tma EWQ elb axemlbja ias`rai iltl to tma dadory lbi @/O em`ps. Yma liirass-iltl cuffar `sbot obky eobbaetai to tma axtarblk iltl cus cut lkso to tma `btarblk iltl cus wm`em eobs`sts of =-c`ts. Yma liirass iltlcuffar elb cotm sabi lbi raea`va iltl frod `btarblk iltl cus.

Eobtrok Qb`t8Yma eobtrok ub`t `s lrjulcky tma dost eodpk`eltai plrt of tm`s doiak EWQ, lbi `s raspobs`cka for eobtrokk`bj duem of tmaoparlt`ob of tma rast of tma proeassor. @t ioas tm`s cy ̀ ssu`bj eobtrok s`jblks to tma otmar lrals of tma proeassor, ̀ bstruet`bjtmad ob wmlt smouki ca parfordai baxt. Yma tmraa dl`b akadabts of tma eobtrok ub`t lra ls fokkows8

Iaeoiar Y`dar or ekoen Eobtrok koj`e e`reu`ts

@bstruet`ob Uat8L proeassor mls l sat of `bstruet`obs tmlt `t ubiarstlbis, elkkai ls `bstruet`ob sat. Lb `bstruet`ob sat or lb `bstruet`ob satlrem`taetura `s l plrt of tma eodputar lrem`taetura. @t rakltas to projrldd`bj, `bstruet`obs, raj`stars, liirass`bj doias,

dadory lrem`taetura, ate. Lb ̀ bstruet`ob sat ̀ s tma sat of lkk tma cls`e oparlt`obs tmlt l proeassor elb leeodpk`sm. Axldpkasof soda `bstruet`obs lra8

WQUM LKI S<, LLII S<, C

Yma `bstruet`obs `b tma `bstruet`ob sat lra tma klbjulja tmlt l proeassor ubiarstlbis. Lkk projrlds mlva to eoddub`eltaw`tm tma proeassor us`bj tmasa ̀ bstruet`obs. Lb ̀ bstruet`ob ̀ b tma ̀ bstruet`ob sat ̀ bvokvas l sar`as of koj`elk oparlt`obs (dlyca tmouslbis) tmlt lra parfordai to eodpkata alem tlsn.Yma ̀ bstruet`ob sat ̀ s adcaiiai ̀ b tma proeassor (mlri-w`rai), wm`em iatard`bas tma dlem`ba klbjulja for tma proeassor.Lkk projrlds wr`ttab `b l m`jm-kavak klbjulja lra eodp`kai lbi trlbskltai `bto dlem`ba eoia cafora axaeut`ob, wm`em `s

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ubiarstooi cy tma proeassor for wm`em tma projrld mls caab eoiai. Ywo proeassors lra i`ffarabt `f tmay mlva i`ffarabt`bstruet`ob sats. L projrld rub ob oba eodputar dly bot rub ob lbotmar eodputar mlv`bj l i`ffarabt proeassor.Wurposa8 Yo prov`ia l dalbs of eralt`bj (elkk`bj up) spae`f`e fubet`obs cy dalbs of l budar`elk eoia.

Liirass`bj Doias8L eodputar projrld `s l saquabea of `bstruet`obs. Alem `bstruet`ob spae`f`as tma oparlt`ob botai `b tma oparlt`ob eoiaf`aki ob tma iltl spae`f`ai cy tma oparlbis `b tma oparlbi f`aki. @b oriar to abklrja tma elplc`k`ty lbi eodput`bj powarof lb `bstruet`ob `t `s ias`rlcka to mlva i`ffarabt typas of liirass`bj elplc`k`t`as `b lb `bstruet`ob fordlt.

Yyp`elk liirass`bj doias8

<. I`raet dadory liirass`bj8Yma oparlbi `b tm`s semada `s l dadory liirass wmara tma iltl `s storai. Uo for l s`bjka liirass `bstruet`ob Lii <7 `saxaeutai cy lii`bj tma iltl wori frod koelt`ob <7 to tma iltl `b tma `dpk`ai saeobi oparlbi.

3. I`raet raj`star liirass`bj8Lkk eodputar systads lra usulkky prov`iai w`tm soda liirasslcka raj`stars. @f tmara lra N budcar of raj`stars, tmab koj3N c`ts of tma oparlbi f`aki iabota tma spae`f`e raj`star oparlbi moki`bj tma iltl wori. Uo s`bjka liirass `bstruet`ob k`naLii 9 leeassas tma iltl wori frod tma raj`star budcar 9 lbi liis to tma iltl of `dpk`ai saeobi oparlbi.

5. @bi`raet dadory liirass`bj8@b tm`s semada tma oparlbi liirass spae`f`as lbotmar dadory koelt`ob wmara tma ias`rai iltl akadabt `s koeltai.

9. @bi`raet raj`star liirass`bj8@b tm`s semada tma raj`star oparlbi Sh `b tma `bstruet`ob spae`f`as tma dadory liirass wmara tma oparlbi iltl `s koeltai.@t baais oba dadory leeass lbi oba raj`star leeass to jat tma oparlbi iltl.

1. @dpk`ai Doia8@b tm`s doia, tma oparlbis lra spae`f`ai `dpk`e`tky `b tma iaf`b`bj `bstruet`ob. For axldpka, tma `bstruet`ob "eodpkadabtLE' `s lb `dpk`ai doia `bstruet`ob caelusa tma oparlbi `b lb LE raj`star `s `dpk`ai `b iaf`b`bj `bstruet`ob. @b flet, lkkraj`star rafarabea `bstruet`obs tmlt usa lb LE lra `dpk`ai doia `bstruet`ob. Xaro liirass lii `bstruet`ob `s lbotmaraxldpka of "`dpk`ai doia `bstruet`ob" s`bea oparlbis lra `dpk`ai to ca ob top of tma stlen. For axldpka, LII, mara top

two akadabts of stlen w`kk ca fatemai out of tma stlen, liiai lbi tma lbswar w`kk ca lt tma top of tma stlen.

6. @ddai`lta Doia8@b tm`s doia bo liirass of oparlbi `s j`vab. Yma `bstruet`ob `tsakf eobtl`bs tma oparlbi to ca axaeutai. Uo `b tm`s doiawa mlva oparlbi f`aki `bstali of liirass f`aki. Ymasa `bstruet`obs lra usai for i`raetky koli`bj l raj`star w`tm l vlkua. Foraxldpka, LII <7, w`kk `beradabt tma vlkua storai `b tma leeudukltor cy <7.

Cus struetura8EWQ sabis iltl, `bstruet`obs lbi `bfordlt`ob to tma eodpobabts `bs`ia tma eodputar ls wakk ls to tma par`pmarlks lbiiav`eas lttlemai to `t. Cus `s l sat of `bfordlt`ob lbi s`jblks to trlvak catwaab eodpobabts `bs`ia or outs`ia of leodputar. Yma i`ffarabt eodpobabts of eodputar, `.a., EWQ, @/O ub`t lbi dadory ub`t lra eobbaetai w`tm alem otmar cy

l cus. Yma iltl, `bstruet`obs lbi tma s`jblks lra elrr`ai catwaab tma i`ffarabt eodpobabts v`l l cus.

Yma d`eroeodputar‐s systad cus eobtl`b 5 cussas wm`em elrry lkk iltl, liirass lbi eobtrok `bfordlt`ob `bvokvai `bprojrld axaeut`ob.

<. Liirass Cus8 Qsai cy tma EWQ to sakaet dadory koelt`obs Qsai cy tma `bput lbi output ports to ca let`va lt l j`vab t`da @b liirass cus `bfordlt`ob trlbsfar tlnas pklea obky `b oba i`raet`ob, frod d`eroproeassor to dadory or @/Os. Uo

tm`s `s elkkai l ub`i`raet`oblk

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3. Iltl Cus8 Zmara lkk tma iltl lbi `bstruet`obs trlvak

frod tma EWQ to tma dadory or lby`bput/output port or v`ea varsl

@b tma iltl cus, iltl elb fkow `b cotmi`raet`obs. Uo tm`s `s elkkai l c`i`raet`oblkcus.

5. Eobtrok Cus8 Qsai cy tma EWQ to `bford tma dadory ortma `bput/output port tmlt `t `s raliy toparford iltl trlbsfar dly `t ca l rali or lwr`ta oparlt`ob

Yma eobtrok cus eobs`sts of l budcar ofs`jblks tmlt lra usai to sybemrob`za tmaoparlt`ob of tma `bi`v`iulk d`eroeodputar akadabts. Yma d`eroproeassor sabis soda of tmasa eobtrok s`jblks totma otmar akadabts to `bi`elta tma typa of oparlt`ob ca`bj parfordai. Alem d`eroeodputar mls l ub`qua sat ofeobtrok s`jblks.

@btarrupts8

Lb `btarrupt `s l proeass of iltl trlbsfar tmroujm wm`em lb axtarblk iav`ea or l par`pmarlk `bfords tma EWQ tmlt `t `s raliyfor eoddub`elt`ob lbi `t raquasts lttabt`ob of tma EWQ. Yma EWQ eodpkatas tma eurrabt axaeut`ob lbi tmab sarvas tma`btarrupt iapabi`bj ob tma pr`or`ty of tma `btarrupts. Yypas of @btarrupts8

@btarblk @btarrupts8

Ymasa `btarrupts oeeur wmab lb `bstruet`ob ca`bj axaeutai `s tard`bltai cafora tma t`da `t mli caab lkkoeltai to jateodpkataky axaeutai. For axldpka, wmabavar wa try to i`v`ia l budcar cy ”7‐ lb arror dasslja oeeurs iur`bj tmaaxaeut`ob of `bstruet`ob. Yma axaeut`ob `s tard`bltai tmara lbi lb arror dasslja `s smowb ob tma seraab. Uoda otmaraxldpkas lra8 lb ovarfkow, lb `bvlk`i op-eoia, ate.

Axtarblk @btarrupts8

Ymasa `btarrupts lra elusai cy @/O iav`eas or par`pmarlks. Ymasa lra jabarltai cy lb axtarblk iav`ea for raquast`bj tmatrlbsfar of iltl, `bi`elt`bj powar fl`kura, ate. Yma i`ffarabeas catwaab `btarblk `btarrupts lbi axtarblk `btarrupts lra lsfokkows8

<. Yma `btarblk `btarrupts lra sybemrobous w`tm tma projrld wm`ka axtarblk `btarrupts lra bot.

3. Yma `btarblk `btarrupts lra jabarltai iua to soda eobi`t`ob v`okltai cy tma dl`b projrld `tsakf wm`ka axtarblk`btarrupts lra jabarltai cy par`pmarlks.

5. Yma axtarblk `btarrupts io bot iapabi ob tma ra-axaeut`ob of tma slda projrld caelusa tmay lra jabarltai axtarblkkycut `btarblk `btarrupts w`kk ca jabarltai lt tma slda pklea alem t`da.

Uoftwlra @btarrupts8

L softwlra `btarrupt `s bot `b`t`ltai cy mlriwlra (ls `btarblk lbi axtarblk `btarrupts). Ymay lra jabarltai wmab lblppropr`lta `bstruet`ob `s axaeutai. Ym`s `btarrupt iapabis ob tma usars. Ymay elb `btroiuea tm`s `btarrupt wmaravar tmayk`na cy wr`t`bj lb `bstruet`ob tmlt elusas `t.