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Introducing Government Chapter 1

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Page 1: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Introducing GovernmentChapter 1

Page 2: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Young People and Politics

Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation matters and can make a difference.

Young people are the most active members of their communities but have less interest in politics than older generations.

Page 3: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Government

Definition: Institutions

(Executive, Legislative, Judicial, Bureaucracy) that make policy

Page 4: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Politics

Definition: The process by which

we select our government leaders and what policies these leaders produce. Politics produces authoritative decisions about public issues.

Page 5: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

The Policy Making Process

Policy Making Involves: Individuals or groups identify a problem The problem becomes part of the policy

agenda Congress passes legislation The bureaucracy implements it Feedback leads to revisions

Page 6: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Linkage Institutions

Political Parties

Elections

Media

Interest Groups (including single issue groups)

Page 7: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Policy Agenda

The issues that government is addressing at a point in time

Items at the top of the policy agenda are taken care of first.

It may take years to get an item on the policy agenda and then several more years to enact policy.

Page 8: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Implementation

Once policy is implemented, feedback occurs: Effective or ineffective? Are the resources

available? Does the policy need to be

revised/clarified?

Page 9: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Democracy

Definition: A system with free and fair elections and civil rights and

liberties.

Equality in voting

Effective participation

Enlightened understanding

Citizen control of the agenda

Inclusion

Page 10: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Theories of U.S. Democracy…

Pluralist Theory A theory of government and

policies emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies.

Groups will work together

Public interest will prevail

Page 11: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Bowling Alone

In Bowling Alone, Robert Putnam argues that American civil society is threatened by a decline in group-based participation

Page 12: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Theories of U.S. Democracy… Elite and Class Theory

A theory of government and politics contending that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule.

Policies benefit those with money / power

Page 13: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Elite and Class Theory

A super PAC is a political-action committee that is allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, individuals and associations. Some nonprofit groups are allowed to contribute to super PACs without disclosing where their money came from.

Page 14: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Political Culture

Political culture is the set of shared values within American society.

Americans share a commitment to democratic government.

Page 15: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Republican Government

The United States is a republic, where representatives are elected to carry out citizens’ preferences.

Page 16: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Challenges to Democracy

Increased Technological Complexity

Limited Participation in Government

Escalating Campaign Costs

Diverse Political Interests

Page 17: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Questions About Democracy

Are the people knowledgeable enough about government?

Is low voter turnout a threat to democracy?

Do political parties meet the needs of most American voters?

Page 18: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Questions about the Scope of Government

Does a bigger, more involved (active) government limit the people’s freedoms?

Do we need a bigger, more involved government to protect our freedoms?

Page 19: Introducing Government Chapter 1 Young People and Politics Young people have a low sense of political efficacy—the belief that political participation

Questions about the Scope of Government, continued…

Does the media adequately inform citizens of what is happening in government?


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