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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE OUTCOMES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS STRATIFIED BY BASELINE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (3 GROUPS by GFR). Introduction. Over 13 million Americans are estimated to have chronic kidney disease (CKD) Patients with CKD are at very high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
6/5/2006 - 1
ALLHAT
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE OUTCOMES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS STRATIFIED BY BASELINE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
RATE (3 GROUPS by GFR)
6/5/2006 - 2
ALLHAT Introduction
• Over 13 million Americans are estimated to have chronic kidney disease (CKD)
• Patients with CKD are at very high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)
• There are limited data about the comparative effects of antihypertensive therapy on CVD outcomes in CKD patients
• Since risk of CVD is much higher than risk for ESRD in CKD patients, choices of therapy need to be guided by effects on CVD outcomes
• 17.7% (n=7116) of ALLHAT participants had an estimated GFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 at baseline
6/5/2006 - 3
ALLHAT Other Studies
• Many trials that studied patients with CKD do not have adequate assessment / reporting or power to evaluate CV events– HOPE demonstrated increased CV risk in patients
with renal insufficiency and that ramipril reduced risk in this subgroup compared to placebo
– IDNT and RENAAL showed similar CV event rates with ARB vs CCB (IDNT) and placebo (RENAAL), except hospitalization for first heart failure in RENAAL was lower with the ARB
– AASK (beta blocker, ACE, CCB) showed no difference in CV event rates
4
*Estimated (eGFR) (ml/min/1.73 m2) calculated by simplified MDRD equation (Levey et al., J Am Soc Nephrol 11, A 0828. 2000.)
**p<.05 compared with normal GFR
NOTE: Within each GFR stratum, there was no significant difference in these characteristics between patients assigned to amlodipine or lisinopril compared with patients assigned to chlorthalidone.
Normal GFR (90)
Mild GFR (60-
89)
Moderate or severe GFR
(<60)
N 8,126 18,109 5,662
Mean age, y 63.3 67.3** 70.7**
Black non-Hisp, % 43.1 27.7** 25.5**
Women, % 46.6 44.5** 52.3**
Mean SBP 146 146 147**
Mean DBP 85 84** 83**
Type 2 diabetes, % 45.2 32.8** 33.4**
History of CHD**, % 21.2 26.3** 30.5**
Baseline Characteristics StratifiedBy Estimated GFR*ALLHAT
6/5/2006 - 5
ALLHAT Relative Risk of Combined CVD by Baseline GFR Group
(Adjusted for Age, Race, Gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, history of
diabetes, and cigarette smoking)
1.00 1.08
1.35
0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.802.00
GFR90+ GFR60-89 GFR <60
RelativeRisk forincidentCVD
Estimated (eGFR) (ml/min/1.73 m2) calculated by simplified MDRD equation
* P <0.001 vs. GFR90+
*
*
6/5/2006 - 6
ALLHAT Blood Pressure at 4 Years by Treatment Group and Baseline GFR
GFR Chlor Amlod Lisin
SBP -mean (sd,N)
90 133.4 (15.2, 2276) 134.6 (14.4, 1462)* 135.6 (17.3, 1301)*
60-89 133.6 (15.5, 5310) 134.5 (14.6, 3127)* 135.2 (16.9, 3024)*
<60 135.5 (17.1, 1511) 135.9 (17.0, 869) 136.4 (18.2, 813)
DBP -mean (sd,N)
90 76.8 (9.5, 2276) 76.4 (9.0, 1462) 77.6 (10.1, 1301)*
60-89 76.5 (9.6, 5308) 75.8 (9.6, 3127)* 76.3 (10.2, 3024)
<60 75.6 (9.9, 1511) 74.2 (9.8, 869)* 75.7 (11.2, 813)
* p<0.05 compared with chlorthalidone
6/5/2006 - 7
ALLHAT Evaluating Treatment Effects by Subgroup
Significant Test for Treatment x Subgroup Interaction?
Yes No
Significant treatment difference within 1 or more subgroups?
Yes Interaction No interaction
No Interaction No interaction
Interaction – Use subgroup estimates of treatment effects
No interaction – Use estimate of treatment effect in total population
6/5/2006 - 8
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Amlodipine
GFR 90 8.7 (0.6)252 / 3648
7.6 (0.7)141 / 2274
0.90 (0.73 - 1.10)0.29
GFR 60-89 10.9 (0.4)740 / 8360
10.9 (0.6)427 / 4850
0.98 (0.87 – 1.10)0.72
GFR <60 15.2 (0.9)318 / 2613
16.0 (1.2)194 / 1516
1.06 (0.89 – 1.27)0.50
Total 11.5 (0.3)1362 / 15,255
11.3 (0.4)798 / 9048
0.98 (0.91 – 1.08)0.81
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
CHD (Nonfatal MI & Fatal CHD) by Baseline GFR & Treatment – Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone
ALLHAT
6/5/2006 - 9
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Lisinopril
GFR 90 8.7 (0.6)252 / 3648
9.0 (0.8)157 / 2204
1.04 (0.86 – 1.27)0.67
GFR 60-89 10.9 (0.4)740 / 8360
10.6 (0.6)421 / 4899
0.97 (0.86 – 1.09)0.59
GFR <60 15.2 (0.9)318 / 2613
15.1 (1.1)184 / 1533
1.00 (0.84 – 1.20)0.97
Total 11.5 (0.3)1362 / 15,255
11.4 (0.4)796 / 9054
0.99 (0.91 – 1.08)0.81
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
CHD (Nonfatal MI & Fatal CHD) by Baseline GFR & Treatment – Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone
ALLHAT
6/5/2006 - 10
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Amlodipine
GFR 90 10.0 (0.9)133 / 1667
9.2 (1.2)72 / 1026
0.88 (0.66 – 1.18)0.40
GFR 60-89 13.9 (0.8)304 / 2755
14.4 (1.1)184 / 1626
1.01 (0.84 – 1.21)0.96
GFR <60 19.3 (1.7)132 / 881
21.1 (2.4)83 / 506
1.07 (0.81 – 1.41)0.63
Total 13.5 (0.6)592 / 5528
13.8 (0.8)358 / 3323
0.99 (0.87 – 1.13)0.93
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
CHD (Nonfatal MI & Fatal CHD) by Baseline GFR & Treatment in Diabetic Participants –
Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone
ALLHAT
6/5/2006 - 11
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Lisinopril
GFR 90 10.0 (0.9)133 / 1667
9.7 (1.1)79 / 981
1.02 (0.77 – 1.35)0.87
GFR 60-89 13.9 (0.8)304 / 2755
13.2 (1.1)167 / 1563
0.98 (0.81 – 1.18)0.81
GFR <60 19.3 (1.7)132 / 881
18.3 (2.0)76 / 501
1.03 (0.78 – 1.37)0.83
Total 13.5 (0.6)592 / 5528
12.8 (0.7)339 / 3212
1.00 (0.87 – 1.14(0.97
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
CHD (Nonfatal MI & Fatal CHD) by Baseline GFR & Treatment in Diabetic Participants –
Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone
ALLHAT
6/5/2006 - 12
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Amlodipine
GFR 90 25.6 (0.9)803 / 3648
25.3 (1.1)487 / 2274
0.97 (0.86 – 1.08)0.56
GFR 60-89 29.6 (0.6)2125 / 8360
31.2 (0.8)1312 / 4850
1.06 (0.99 – 1.14)0.08
GFR <60 38.7 (1.2)870 / 2613
41.1 (1.5)537 / 1516
1.08 (0.97 – 1.20)0.18
Total 30.9 (0.5)3941 / 15,255
32.0 (0.6)2432 / 9048
1.04 (0.99 – 1.09)0.12
Combined CVD = CHD death, nonfatal MI, stroke, coronary revascularization procedures, hospitalized or treated angina, treated or hospitalized HF, and peripheral arterial disease (hospitalized, or outpatient revascularization)
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
Combined CVD by Baseline GFR & Treatment - Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone
ALLHAT
6/5/2006 - 13
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Lisinopril
GFR 90 25.6 (0.9)803 / 3648
29.1 (1.2)526 / 2204
1.11 (0.99 – 1.24)0.06
GFR 60-89 29.6 (0.6)2125 / 8360
31.3 (0.8)1330 / 4899
1.09 (1.02 – 1.17)0.02
GFR <60 38.7 (1.2)870 / 2613
41.3 (1.5)547 / 1533
1.12 (1.01 – 1.25)0.04
Total 30.9 (0.5)3941 / 15,255
33.3 (0.6)2514 / 9054
1.10 (1.05 – 1.16)<0.001
Combined CVD = CHD death, nonfatal MI, stroke, coronary revascularization procedures, hospitalized or treated angina, treated or hospitalized HF, and peripheral arterial disease (hospitalized, or outpatient revascularization)
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
Combined CVD by Baseline GFR & Treatment – Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone
ALLHAT
6/5/2006 - 14
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Amlodipine
GFR 90 27.9 (1.3)402 / 1667
30.4 (1.8)256 / 1026
1.04 (0.89 – 1.22)0.61
GFR 60-89 34.3 (1.1)814 / 2755
35.2 (1.4)499 / 1626
1.03 (0.92 – 1.15)0.62
GFR <60 43.1 (2.0)326 / 881
50.4 (2.7)224 / 506
1.20 (1.01 – 1.42)0.04
Total 33.9 (0.8)1609 / 5528
36.2 (1.0)1030 / 3323
1.06 (0.98 – 1.15)0.12
Combined CVD = CHD death, nonfatal MI, stroke, coronary revascularization procedures, hospitalized or treated angina, treated or hospitalized HF, and peripheral arterial disease (hospitalized, or outpatient revascularization)
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
Combined CVD by Baseline GFR & Treatmentin Diabetic Participants -
Amlodipine vs ChlorthalidoneALLHAT
6/5/2006 - 15
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Lisinopril
GFR 90 27.9 (1.3)402 / 1667
31.4 (1.8)257 / 981
1.12 (0.95 – 1.31)0.17
GFR 60-89 34.3 (1.1)814 / 2755
35.0 (1.4)482 / 1563
1.07 (0.96 – 1.20)0.24
GFR <60 43.1 (2.0)326 / 881
44.2 (2.5)193 / 501
1.08 (0.90 – 1.29)0.40
Total 33.9 (0.8)1609 / 5528
35.5 (1.0)985 / 3212
1.08 (1.00 – 1.17)0.049
Combined CVD = CHD death, nonfatal MI, stroke, coronary revascularization procedures, hospitalized or treated angina, treated or hospitalized HF, and peripheral arterial disease (hospitalized, or outpatient revascularization)
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
ALLHATCombined CVD by Baseline GFR & Treatment
in Diabetic Participants -Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone
6/5/2006 - 16
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Amlodipine
GFR 90 4.0 (0.4)118 / 3648
3.5 (0.5)70 / 2274
0.95 (0.70 – 1.27)0.71
GFR 60-89 5.2 (0.3)366 / 8360
4.7 (0.4)185 / 4850
0.85 (0.71 – 1.02)0.08
GFR <60 7.6 (0.6)157 / 2613
8.8 (1.0)100 / 1516
1.12 (0.87 – 1.44)0.38
Total 5.6 (0.2)675 / 15,255
5.4 (0.3)377 / 9048
0.93 (0.82 – 1.06)0.28
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
ALLHAT Stroke by Baseline GFR & Treatment - Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone
6/5/2006 - 17
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Lisinopril
GFR 90 4.0 (0.4)118 / 3648
5.7 (0.6)101 / 2204
1.43 (1.10 – 1.87)0.01
GFR 60-89 5.2 (0.3)366 / 8360
5.9 (0.4)239 / 4899
1.12 (0.95 – 1.31)0.19
GFR <60 7.6 (0.6)157 / 2613
7.9 (0.8)99 / 1533
1.10 (0.86 – 1.42)0.45
Total 5.6 (0.2)675 / 15,255
6.3 (0.3)457 / 9054
1.15 (1.02 – 1.30)0.02
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
Stroke by Baseline GFR & Treatment –Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone
ALLHAT
6/5/2006 - 18
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Amlodipine
GFR 90 4.4 (0.6)55 / 1667
3.9 (0.8)33 / 1026
0.98 (0.63 – 1.50)0.92
GFR 60-89 7.7 (0.6)176 / 2755
6.4 (0.7)83 / 1626
0.77 (0.59 – 1.00)0.05
GFR <60 8.7 (1.1)63 / 881
10.9 (1.7)42 / 506
1.17 (0.79 – 1.72)0.44
Total 7.1 (0.4)314 / 5528
6.6 (0.5)172 / 3323
0.90 (0.75 – 1.08)0.26
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
ALLHATStroke by Baseline GFR & Treatment
in Diabetic Participants -Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone
6/5/2006 - 19
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Lisinopril
GFR 90 4.4 (0.6)55 / 1667
7.0 (1.1)53 / 981
1.66 (1.14 – 2.43)0.01
GFR 60-89 7.7 (0.6)176 / 2755
7.8 (0.8)99 / 1563
1.00 (0.78 – 1.28)1.00
GFR <60 8.7 (1.1)63 / 881
8.3 (1.5)33 / 501
0.94 (0.62 – 1.43)0.78
Total 7.1 (0.4)314 / 5528
7.6 (0.6)193 / 3212
1.07 (0.90 – 1.28)0.45
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
ALLHATStroke by Baseline GFR & Treatment
in Diabetic Participants -Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone
6/5/2006 - 20
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Amlodipine
GFR 90 5.1 (0.5)147 / 3648
6.4 (0.6)121 / 2274
1.34 (1.02 – 1.71)0.02
GFR 60-89 6.7 (0.4)435 / 8360
9.8 (0.5)380 / 4850
1.55 (1.34 – 1.79)<0.001
GFR <60 13.1 (0.9)259 / 2613
15.0 (1.2)174 / 1516
1.18 (0.96 – 1.44)0.11
Total 7.7 (0.3)870 / 15,255
10.2 (0.4)706 / 9048
1.40 (1.26 – 1.55)<0.001
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
ALLHAT Heart Failure by Baseline GFR & Treatment -Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone
6/5/2006 - 21
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Lisinopril
GFR 90 5.1 (0.5)147 / 3648
6.1 (0.6)110 / 2204
1.25 (0.97 – 1.61)0.08
GFR 60-89 6.7 (0.4)435 / 8360
6.9 (0.4)278 / 4899
1.10 (0.94 – 1.28)0.25
GFR <60 13.1 (0.9)259 / 2613
15.8 (1.1)191 / 1533
1.29 (1.06 – 1.58)0.01
Total 7.7 (0.3)870 / 15,255
8.7 (0.4)612 / 9054
1.20 (1.08 – 1.33)0.001
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
ALLHAT Heart Failure by Baseline GFR & Treatment - Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone
6/5/2006 - 22
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Amlodipine
GFR 90 6.5 (0.8)87 / 1667
8.0 (1.1)65 / 1026
1.23 (0.88 – 1.71)0.22
GFR 60-89 9.9 (0.7)203 / 2755
13.4 (1.0)177 / 1626
1.54 (1.24 – 1.90)<0.001
GFR <60 15.6 (1.6)104 / 881
22.0 (2.4)87 / 506
1.55 (1.14 – 2.11)0.005
Total 9.7 (0.5)410 / 5528
13.1 (0.7)347 / 3323
1.46 (1.25 – 1.69)<0.001
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
ALLHATHeart Failure by Baseline GFR & Treatment
in Diabetic Participants -Amlodipine vs Chlorthalidone
6/5/2006 - 23
ALLHAT
6-year rates per 100 (se)& total events / N
Relative Risk (A/C)(95% CI) p valueChlorthalidone Lisinopril
GFR 90 6.5 (0.8)87 / 1667
8.1 (1.0)68 / 981
1.35 (0.97 – 1.88)0.07
GFR 60-89 9.9 (0.7)203 / 2755
9.1 (0.9)119 / 1563
1.04 (0.82 – 1.31)0.77
GFR <60 15.6 (1.6)104 / 881
20.5 (2.2)81 / 501
1.44 (1.05 – 1.97)0.02
Total 9.7 (0.5)410 / 5528
10.9 (0.7)284 / 3212
1.21 (1.03 – 1.42)0.02
Differences among treatment group effects by baseline GFR group are not statistically significant.
ALLHATHeart Failure by Baseline GFR & Treatment
in Diabetic Participants -Lisinopril vs Chlorthalidone
6/5/2006 - 24
ALLHAT Discussion
• ALLHAT confirms increased risk for CVD in patients with reduced GFR.
• The overall study results of no difference in the primary outcome for the lisinopril vs. chlorthalidone and amlodipine vs. chlorthalidone comparisons was consistent across diabetes, GFR, and diabetes-GFR subgroups.
ALLHAT
6/5/2006 - 25
ALLHAT Conclusion
• Amlodipine and lisinopril are not superior to chlorthalidone in preventing fatal CHD/non fatal MI
• Chlorthalidone and amlodipine are similar but chlorthalidone is superior to lisinopril in reducing combined CVD events independent of level of renal function.
ALLHAT
In high risk hypertensive patients with impaired renal function: