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Page 1: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,
Page 2: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Introduction

All living organisms share the following characteristics

• Growth

• Reproduction

• Movement

• Metabolism

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Responsiveness

Page 3: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Anatomy & Physiology Sciences

Anatomists study:• Internal and external structure

• Physical relationships among body parts

Physiologists study:• How organisms perform vital

functions

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Page 4: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Anatomy & Physiology Sciences

Gross anatomy• “Naked eye” anatomy• Surface anatomy• Regional anatomy• Sectional anatomy

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Page 5: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Anatomy & Physiology Sciences

Microscopic anatomy• Cytology: study of individual cells• Histology: study of tissues

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Page 6: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Anatomy & Physiology Sciences

Human physiology:

Study of human body function• Cell physiology

• Special physiology

• System physiology

• Pathological physiology

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Page 7: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Levels of Organization

Life is built on successive levels of increasing complexity:

• Chemical (or Molecular)

• Cellular

• Tissue

• Organ

• Organ System

• Organism

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Page 8: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

OrganismLevel

Integumentary

SkeletalMuscular

NervousEndocrine

CardiovascularLymphatic

RespiratoryDigestive

Urinary

Reproductive

OrganLevel

Theheart

Cardiacmuscletissue

Tissue Level(Chapter 4)

Cellular Level(Chapter 3)

Heartmuscle

cell

Protein filaments

Complex proteinmolecule

Atoms incombination

Chemical orMolecular Level

(Chapter 2)

OrganSystem Level

(Chapters 5–20)

Figure 1-1 1 of 7

Page 9: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Complex proteinmolecule

Atoms incombination

Chemical orMolecular Level

(Chapter 2)

Figure 1-1 2 of 7

Page 10: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cellular Level(Chapter 3)

Heartmuscle

cell

Protein filaments

Complex proteinmolecule

Atoms incombination

Chemical orMolecular Level

(Chapter 2)

Figure 1-1 3 of 7

Page 11: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cardiacmuscletissue

Tissue Level(Chapter 4)

Cellular Level(Chapter 3)

Heartmuscle

cell

Protein filaments

Complex proteinmolecule

Atoms incombination

Chemical orMolecular Level

(Chapter 2)

Figure 1-1 4 of 7

Page 12: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cardiovascular

OrganLevel

Theheart

Cardiacmuscletissue

Tissue Level(Chapter 4)

Cellular Level(Chapter 3)

Heartmuscle

cell

Protein filaments

Complex proteinmolecule

Atoms incombination

Chemical orMolecular Level

(Chapter 2)

OrganSystem Level

(Chapters 5–20)

Figure 1-1 5 of 7

Page 13: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Integumentary

SkeletalMuscular

NervousEndocrine

CardiovascularLymphatic

RespiratoryDigestive

Urinary

Reproductive

OrganLevel

Theheart

Cardiacmuscletissue

Tissue Level(Chapter 4)

Cellular Level(Chapter 3)

Heartmuscle

cell

Protein filaments

Complex proteinmolecule

Atoms incombination

Chemical orMolecular Level

(Chapter 2)

OrganSystem Level

(Chapters 5–20)

Figure 1-1 6 of 7

Page 14: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Integumentary

SkeletalMuscular

NervousEndocrine

CardiovascularLymphatic

RespiratoryDigestive

Urinary

Reproductive

OrganLevel

Theheart

Cardiacmuscletissue

Tissue Level(Chapter 4)

Cellular Level(Chapter 3)

Heartmuscle

cell

Protein filaments

Complex proteinmolecule

Atoms incombination

Chemical orMolecular Level

(Chapter 2)

OrganismLevel

OrganSystem Level

(Chapters 5–20)

Figure 1-1 7 of 7

Page 15: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Overview of Organ Systems

The human body is arranged in 11 organ systems:

• Integumentary• Skeletal• Muscular• Nervous• Endocrine

• Cardiovascular• Lymphatic• Respiratory• Digestive• Urinary• Reproductive

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Page 16: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Introduction to Organ Systems

Key Note

The body can be divided into 11 organ systems,

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

but all work together and the boundaries between them aren’t absolute

Page 17: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Integumentary System

Figure 1-2(a)

Page 18: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Skeletal System

Figure 1-2(b)

Page 19: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Muscular System

Figure 1-2(c)

Page 20: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Nervous System

Figure 1-2(d)

Page 21: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Endocrine System

Figure 1-2(e)

Page 22: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Cardiovascular System

Figure 1-2(f)

Page 23: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Lymphatic System

Figure 1-2(g)

Page 24: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Respiratory System

Figure 1-2(h)

Page 25: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Digestive System

Figure 1-2(i)

Page 26: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

The Urinary System

Figure 1-2(j)

Page 27: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Male Reproductive System

Figure 1-2(k)

Page 28: Introduction All living organisms share the following characteristics Growth Reproduction Movement Metabolism Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,

Female Reproductive System

Figure 1-2(l)