introduction & smart grid concept

Introduction & Smart Grid Concept

By: Dr. Mohammed Taha El Astal

Email: [email protected]: 18/2/2021

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mailto:[email protected]

Aknwoeldgment

This presentation is prepared based on :

1. PPT of Course: Fundamentals of Smart Grid Design andAnalysis, that was prepared by eSCO: www.eAcademy.ps

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http://www.eacademy.ps/

CONTENT

CONTENT

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Smart Grid: Definition

Smart Grid: Applications / Benefits

Smart vs conventional Grid

A Multi-disciplinary Field

5 Topics Covered (international & local cases)

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Smart Grid Definition

What is Smart Grid?

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What is Smart Grid?

Smart Grid = ICT + Electric Grid

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Markets and Operations

Traditional Power Grid

Transmission DistributionConsumption

Power Infrastructure

One‐way flow of electricity

Generation

Problem

• Centralized, bulk generation Heavy• Reliance on coal and oil • Limited automation• Limited situational awareness• Consumers lack data to manage energy usage 6



Smart Grid


Communications Infrastructure


Two‐way Flow of Electricity and Information

Generation

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Smart Grid


Communications Infrastructure


Two‐way Flow of Electricity and Information

Generation

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• What is Smart Grid?

(1) Increased use of digital information and controls technology to

improve reliability, security, and efficiency of the electric grid.

(2) Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full

cyber-security.

(3) Deployment and integration of distributed resources and

generation, including renewable resources.

(4) Development and incorporation of demand response, demand-

side resources, and energy-efficiency resources.

• The 1st official definition of Smart Grid was provided by the Energy

Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA-2007) (policy to

support the modernization of the Nation's electricity transmission and

distribution system to maintain a reliable and secure electricity

infrastructure that can meet future demand growth), which was

approved by the US Congress in January 2007, and signed to law

by President George W. Bush in December 2007.

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5. Deployment of 'smart' technologies (real-time, automated,

interactive technologies that optimize the physical operation of

appliances and consumer devices) for metering, communications

concerning grid operations and status, and distribution automation.

6. Integration of 'smart' appliances and consumer devices.

7. Deployment and integration of advanced electricity storage and

peak-shaving technologies, including plug-in electric and hybrid

electric vehicles, and thermal storage air conditioning.

8. Provision to consumers of timely information and control

options.

9. Development of standards for communication and

interoperability of appliances and equipment connected to the

electric grid, including the infrastructure serving the grid.

10. Identification and lowering of unreasonable or unnecessary barriers

to adoption of smart grid technologies, practices, and services."

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• What is Smart Grid?• The European Union Commission Task Force for Smart Grids also provides smart

grid definition as:

• "A Smart Grid is an electricity network that can cost efficiently integrate the

behaviour and actions of all users connected to it – generators, consumers and

those that do both – in order to ensure economically efficient, sustainable power

system with low losses and high levels of quality and security of supply and safety.

A smart grid employs innovative products and services together with intelligent

monitoring, control, communication, and self-healing technologies in order to:

1. Better facilitate the connection and operation of generators of all sizes and

technologies.

2. Allow consumers to play a part in optimising the operation of the system.

3. Provide consumers with greater information and options for how they use

their supply.

4. Significantly reduce the environmental impact of the whole electricity supply

system.

5. Maintain or even improve the existing high levels of system reliability,

quality and security of supply.

6. Maintain and improve the existing services efficiently." 12



• Generally, according to us department of energy US-DoE

“Smart grid” generally refers to a class of technologies that people

are using to bring utility electricity delivery systems using

computer-based remote control and automation.

These systems are made possible by two-way digital

communications technologies and computer processing that has

been used for decades in other industries. They are beginning to

be used on electricity networks, from the power plants and wind

farms all the way to the consumers of electricity in homes and

businesses. They offer many benefits to utilities and consumers

mostly seen in big improvements in energy efficiency and

reliability on the electricity grid and in energy users’ homes and

offices.

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Other Smart Grid Definitions


• By Cisco

A Smart grid is the term generally used to describe the integration of allelements connected to the electrical grid with an informationinfrastructure, offering numerous benefits for both the providers andconsumers of electricity

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• By IEC

The Smart Grid is integrating the electrical and information technologies inbetween any point of generation and any point of consumption.

• By IET

A smart grid is an electricity network that uses digital and other advancedtechnologies to monitor and manage the transport of electricity from allgeneration sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end-users

Smart Grid Benefits

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• (a) Technical benefits

• (b) Environment benefits

• (c) Electricity marketing benefits

Smart Grid Benefits

• According to the National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST):

1. More efficient transmission of electricity, and Improving Power Reliability & Quality,

– Better and faster balancing of supply and demand

– due to: better monitoring using sensor networks and communications

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Smart Grid Benefits

2. Reduced Peak Demand, and hence minimizing the Need to Construct Back-up (Peak Load)

Power Plants

Peaking power plants, also known as Peaker plants,

are power plants that generally run only when there is a high

demand, known as peak demand, for electricity. Because they

supply power only occasionally, the power supplied

commands a much higher price per Kwh than base

load power.

– Better demand side management

– The use of advanced metering infrastructures

Metering

MV Breakers

(up to 33kV)

Smart System

GPRS

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3. Enhancing the capacity and efficiency of existing electric grid

Smart Grid Benefits

– Better monitoring using sensor networks and

communications

– Consequently, better control and resource

management in real-time

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4. Improving Resilience to Disruption and Being Self-Healing (Quicker Restoration)

– Better monitoring using sensor networks and communications

– Distributed grid management and control

Smart Grid Benefits

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5. Automating maintenance and operation, hence reduced operations &

management cost for utilities (and ultimately lower power cost for consumer)


– Distributed grid management and control

Smart Grid Benefits

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6. Increased integration of large-scale & customer-owner renewable energy sources


– Consequently, better control and resource management in real-time

– Better demand side Management

– Better renewable energy forecasting models

– Providing the infrastructure / incentives

Smart Grid Benefits

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7. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions

– Supporting / encouraging the use of electric vehicles

– Renewable power generation with low carbon footprint

Smart Grid Benfits

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8. Reducing oil consumption

– Supporting / encouraging the use of electric vehicles

– Renewable power generation with low carbon footprint

– Better demand side Management (Q: Why?)

Smart Grid Benefits

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9. Enabling transition to plug-in electric vehicles

– Can also provide new storage opportunities

Smart Grid Benefits

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10. Increasing consumer choice

– The use of advanced metering infrastructures

– Home automation

– Energy smart appliances

– Better demand side Management

Case: L&G ICRC Project in Gaza-North

Smart Grid Benefits

• Brief Comparison between Existing Grid and Smart Grid

Existing & smart Grid

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Is smart Grid Worth?

Is Smart grid worth? Locally?

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smart Grid fields

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smart Grid fields

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smart Grid fields

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• In 2013, the IEEE Computer Society Smart Grid Vision Project (CS-SGVP) hasdeveloped a relatively detailed Smart Grid vision that focuses on smart devices andvarious computational intelligence techniques for the next 30 years

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• The architectural concepts (ACi) leveldetails Smart Grid goals andcharacteristics, general grid types, andcomputing concepts that are consideredcommon across the Smart Grid,

• while functional concepts (FCi) levelexplains how the Smart Grid will operate,

• and the technological concepts (Tci) levelexplains the roles of certain technologieswithin the Smart Grid

smart Grid Vision & its realization

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The proposed visionary architectural concepts have introduced important concepts in the following areas

The functional areas considered for the development of this proposed Smart Grid vision may be broadly defined as follows

According to this vision, the technological concept areas include

• Evolution of energy supply mix• Enhancement of transmission

networks• Coexistence of electrical

network configurations • End-use as an active

component • Advancement of enabling

technologies • Control methodologies

• Communications networks

• Cyber-security• Markets and economics • Operations, monitoring,

and control • Planning, analysis, and

simulation • Systems engineering • Visualization and data

management

• Computer applications

• Cyber-security • Distributed

systems architectures

• Information science

smart Grid Vision & its realization

US Smart Grid efforts• a research program called ‘‘IntelliGridSM’’ involving several electrical

utility members, aiming at establishing the best way that ensuresthe creation of a Smart Grid and incorporating it into the operationsof individual electrical utilities.

• The GridWise vision

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Examples of SG projects/initiatives

European Smart Grid effortshttps://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/files/u24/sgp_outlook_map/heatmap.html

Interactive tools: https://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/smart-grid-interactive-tool-non-flashhttps://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/ 34


https://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/files/u24/sgp_outlook_map/heatmap.html

https://ses.jrc.ec.europa.eu/smart-grid-interactive-tool-non-flash

https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/

Smart Grid, in China• China viewed SG as a sophisticated control system that can efficiently manage

resources and consumptions. It is also perceived as a concept that can (i)enhance grid reliability, (ii) supply capacity, and (iii) help reduce grid losses

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• China has announced the ‘‘Strong SmartGrid’’ plan during the 2009 InternationalConference on Ultra High Voltage (UHV)Power Transmission. This plan has focusedon the transmission networks rather thanthe distribution networks.

• The main driver behind this effort is the stategrid corporation of China (SGCC), which is thelargest transmission company in China.

Smart Grid, in China

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Specific Smart Grid projects in China include:

● Long-distance, large-capacity, low-loss UHV core technology, and localization of power equipment

● 800 kV UHV DC converter station

Power system digital real-time simulation device

● Electric vehicle charging stations

Topic CoveredCourse Topics

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Topic CoveredCourse Topics

• Q: Is there any other topic/components on smart grid?

• A: Maybe, smart grid is a very diverse field.

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• We’ll focus on “Energy Management system” component of Smart Grid, particularly its:

– Communications

– Demand Response

– Advanced metering infrastructure

– Wide Area Measurement, and Control

– Security

Course Topics

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• In addition, we’ll discuss some local cases, like AMI, SCADA, and GIS for utilities in PS

Course Topics

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Course Topics

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Next

• Overview of conventional grid’s components, local case in PS

Next Session

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Lets play

• Try to download “balance” game in your smart phone, inorder to get the basics & concept of Energy grid

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hZzIFGho-4&feature=youtu.be

Preparation to next session

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hZzIFGho-4&feature=youtu.be

In Denmark: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-j5NYD-DFw

Understand by everyone:• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4L31dHXP6i0&pbjreload=101Cisco SG vision• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGk13U_kgGMIEEE SG section (very rich resources)• https://smartgrid.ieee.org/Self Reading: • Section : 1.1 Background and history of SG evolution • & details of 1.3 Characteristics of the Smart Grid

Do your side!

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-j5NYD-DFw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGk13U_kgGM

https://smartgrid.ieee.org/

Thank you for yourattention

18-Feb-2021

Phone +970 597416232

[email protected]

http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/mtastal/author/mtastal/

mailto:[email protected]

http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/mtastal/author/mtastal/

introduction & smart grid concept

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