introduction and applications
DESCRIPTION
Introduction and Applications. HDM-4 Concept. Predicts road network performance as a function of: Traffic volumes and loading Road pavement type and strength Maintenance standards Environment / Climate Quantifies benefits to road users from: Savings in vehicle operating costs (VOC) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Introduction and Applications
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HDM-4 Concept
Predicts road network performance as a function of:
Traffic volumes and loading
Road pavement type and strength
Maintenance standards
Environment / Climate
Quantifies benefits to road users from:Savings in vehicle operating costs (VOC)
Reduced road user travel times
Decrease in number of accidents
Environmental effects
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Life Cycle AnalysisR
ough
ness
Rehabilitation
Time / Traffic Loading
Maintenance Standard
PavementPerformanceCurve
Good
PoorR
oad
Age
ncy
Cos
t
RehabilitationCost
Time (years)
CumulativeMaintenanceCost
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Rutting
Pavement Age (Years)Pavement Age (Years)
Ru
ttin
g (
mm
)R
utt
ing
(m
m) Weak PavementWeak Pavement
Strong PavementStrong Pavement
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Crack Progression
dACA = Kcpa
CDSCRPzA [(zA*a0*a1*tA*YE4*SNPa2
+ SCAa1 )1/a1 - SCA]
dACA = annual increase in area crackedKcpa = calibration factorYE4 = traffic loadingSNP = pavement strength
How long does it take in Bulgaria?
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Crack Progression Calibration
Crack Progression
0102030405060708090
100
0 5 10 15 20
Years
Per
cen
t A
rea
of
Cra
ckin
g
Kcp = 1.0 Kcp = 2.0 Kcp = 0.4
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Model Calibration
Calibration
01020304050
60708090
100
0 5 10 15 20
Years
Per
cen
t A
rea
of
Cra
ckin
g
HDM-4 Observed
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Road User Effects
Vehicle operating costsfuel, oil, tyres, parts consumptionvehicle utilisation & depreciation
Travel timepassengerscargo
Road accidentsEnergy consumptionVehicle emissions & noise
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Vehicle Operation Costs
Road Condition (IRI)
Roa
d U
ser
Cos
ts (
$/ve
h-km
)
Good Poor
Car
Pickup/utility
Heavy Truck
Bus
Rickshaw
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HDM-4 Applications
Road sector policy studies
Strategic planning of road network development, improvement & maintenance
Preparation of multi-year road work programs
Economic appraisal of individual road projects
Research studies
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Strategy Analysis
Objectives:Determine budget allocations for road maintenance and improvementPrepare for work programmesDetermine long term network performanceAssess impact on road users
The analysis of entire road networks to determine funding needs and/or to predict future performance under budget constraints
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Network Condition Summary
Roughness in 2008
< 3.5 IRI28%
3.5 < IRI < 5.08%
> 5.0 IRI64%
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Impact of Budget Levels
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Ave
rage
Rou
ghne
ss (
IRI)
$20m
$15m
$10m
AnnualBudget
Target = 3.5 IRI
Class I Roads
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Impact of Budget Allocations
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Ave
rage
Rou
ghne
ss (
IRI) Class III
Roads$30m/yr
Class IIRoads$35m/yr
Class IRoads$20m/yr
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Program Analysis
Objective: prioritise candidate road projects in each year within annual budget constraintAnnual budgets obtained from strategic maintenance plan
Preparation of single or multi-year road work and expenditure programs
under specified budget constraints.
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Work Program Output
Priority Road Length Province Type of Scheduled Cost CumulativeRank Section (km) or District Road Work Year $m S$m
1 N1-2 20.5 2 Resealing 2000 5.4 5.42 N4-7 23.5 7 Overlay 40mm 2000 10.9 16.33 N2-5 12.5 5 Reconstruct 2000 8.6 24.94 R312-1 30 4 Widen 4 lane 2000 31.4 56.35 R458-3 36.2 3 Overlay 60mm 2000 16.3 72.6
: : : : : : : :1 N4-16 32.1 6 Reconstruct 2001 22.8 22.82 R13-23 22.4 4 Overlay 40mm 2001 9.7 32.53 N521-5 45.2 2 Widen 4 lane 2001 41.3 73.8
: : : : : : : :1 N1-6 30.2 4 Resealing 2002 8.2 8.22 N7-9 17.8 3 Overlay 60mm 2002 9.2 17.43 F2140-8 56.1 1 Reconstruct 2002 34.9 52.3
: : : : : : : :
20032003200320032003
200420042004
200520052005
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Work Program Output (2)
Priority Road Length Province Road Cost Road Cost Road Cost Road CostRank Section (km) or District Work $m Work $m Work $m Work $m
1 N1-2 20.5 2 RESEAL 5.4 R.M. 0.185 R.M. 0.185 R.M. 0.1852 N4-7 23.5 7 OVL40MM 10.9 R.M. 0.212 R.M. 0.212 R.M. 0.2123 N2-5 12.5 5 RECON 8.6 R.M. 0.113 R.M. 0.113 R.M. 0.1134 R312-1 30 4 WIDEN-4 31.4 R.M. 0.180 R.M. 0.180 R.M. 0.1805 R458-3 36.2 3 OVL60MM 16.3 R.M. 0.217 R.M. 0.217 R.M. 0.217
: : : : : : : : : : : :16 N4-16 32.1 6 R.M. 0.289 RECON 22.8 R.M. 0.289 R.M. 0.28917 R13-23 22.4 4 R.M. 0.134 OVL40MM 9.7 R.M. 0.134 R.M. 0.13418 N521-5 45.2 2 R.M. 0.407 WIDEN-4 41.3 R.M. 0.407 R.M. 0.407 : : : : : : : : : : : :28 N1-6 30.2 4 R.M. 0.272 R.M. 0.272 RESEAL 8.2 R.M. 0.27229 N7-9 17.8 3 INLAY 0.240 R.M. 0.200 OVL60MM 9.2 R.M. 0.16030 F2140-8 56.1 1 PATCH 0.202 R.M. 0.202 RECON 34.9 R.M. 0.168
Note: RM = Routine Maintenance
20032000 2001 2002
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Project Economic Analysis
Project typesNew construction, upgrading
Reconstruction, resealing
Widening, lane addition
Economic indicatorsNet present value (NPV)
Economic rate of return (ERR)
Benefit cost ratio (BCR), NPV/C
First year rate of return (FYRR)
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Data Data CollectionCollection
DatabaseDatabase DecisionDecisionSupportSupport
ManagementManagementInformationInformation
InventoryConditionStructuresTrafficFurnitureUnit CostsStandards
RDBMS(RIMS)
Life CycleAnalysis(HDM-4)
Standard& CustomReports
Road Management Systems
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Conclusions – Why HDM-4?
Transparency of analysisEconomic analysis capable of:
Short, medium & long term analysesWhat-if analysis
Internationally accepted analysis frameworkAvailability of technical expertiseLocal calibration