Introduction and Orientation

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Study of structures of organisms and relationships among structures.

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Study of structure of human organisms and relationships among structures.

Mammals similar to human Comparison useful to illustrate

functional & evolutionary significance of human structure.◦ Shared features, with differences

vertebral column gluteal muscles frontal lobe of cerebrum

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Study of functional "nature" of organisms

Normal function of an organism or cell.

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Organization Life organized in hierarchy of levels

◦ Smaller levels included within larger◦ Certain phenomena unique to each level

Metabolism◦ Take in & use energy and material◦ Responsiveness to stimuli◦ Movement◦ Growth◦ Reproduction (DNA, RNA)◦ Adaptability

short-term = acclimation, homeostasis long-term = adaptation, evolution

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Levels of Structural Organization Include:

Atoms- tiny blocks of matter that combine to form molecules such as water, sugar and proteins.

Molecules- particle consisting of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Cells- the smallest units of all living things.Tissues- consist of groups of similar cells that have a common

function. Example: muscle tissue.Organ- a structure that is composed of 2 or more tissue types and

performs a specific function for the body. Example: small intestine.Organ System- a group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a

common purpose. Example: digestive system.Organism-the highest level of structural organization, an individual

living thing.

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