Introduction and Survey of the Human body

• Anatomy history – how we got here• How we study the human body today• Anatomical position and directions

Up?

Down?

A few questions before we begin

• Who were the first anatomists?

• When was radiography invented? How did it change medicine?

• Is malleus the same as malleolus?

• Where is an inguinal hernia?

• What is homeostasis?

• Hippocrates (460 – 380 BC)

• Aristotle (384 - 322 BC)

• Herophilus (335 - 280 BC)

• Galen (129 - 199 AD)

• The Dark Ages (200-1050 AD)

Michelangelo’s David

Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)

Middle Ages and Renaissance 1050 - 1543

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

How to study the human body

• Inspection

• Palpation

• Auscultation

• Percussion

• Exploratory surgery

• Medical imaging

• Dissection

1895 - Radiography

What’s black?• radiolucent• allows passage of x-rays• does not absorb x-rays

What’s white?• radio-opaque • radiodense• not transparent to x rays• absorbs x-rays

Barium sulfate swallow

MRI PET scan

ultrasound

• Inspection/Palpation• Auscultation/Percussion• Exploratory surgery• Medical imaging

– X ray– MRI

Olivia twisted her knee playing soccer. She has pain in her popliteal region and edema around her knee.She can’t put any weight on it.

Anatomical position

Radius

Ulna

ProneSupine

Body Regions

Anatomical Directions

• Superficial – deep• Superior – inferior• Cranial – caudal• Ventral – dorsal• Anterior – posterior• Medial – lateral• Proximal – distal(closer or farther from the

point of attachment or origin)

• The skull is ____________ to the brain.• The sternum is ___________ and the

spine is ___________.• The nose is ___________ to the mouth.• The thumb is ___________ to the pinky.• The toes are proximal to the knee.

True or false?

Superficial – deepSuperior – inferiorCranial – caudal

Ventral – dorsalAnterior – posteriorMedial – lateralProximal – distal

Assume anatomical position

What to do tonight!

• Hand in index cards – on front table• Read course syllabus (questions tomorrow)• Do readings for today and Wednesday• Check out course website:

http://bstr301.biostr.washington.edu/• Outside source?

User name = webuserPassword = resubew

• Course guide – questions?

• All handouts and lecture slides available on website

• review sessions on Wednesday nights 7-8pm T-435 HSB

• pre-class survey on Catalyst• closes on Friday at 5pm• 20 questions, 20 minutes• 5 points for submitting• don’t open it until you are ready to take it!!• no make ups!!!!!!

Today

Survey of the Human body continued..

• Anatomical directions - review• Body cavities• Symptoms, signs & disease

1. What type of image is this?2. What region of the body is this?3. AP or lateral view?

4. Proximal or distalto the foot?

3. The lips are _____to the nose? A

5. Is this artery proximal ordistal to artery “A”?

Fig. Atlas A.3

Body Cavities

Dorsal body cavity• cranial cavity• vertebral cavity

Ventral body cavity• thoracic cavity• abdominal cavity• pelvic cavity

Fig. Atlas A.8b(TE Art)

Parietal pericardium

Pericardial cavity

Visceral pericardium

Heart

Diaphragm

Serous membrane around the heart

Visceral = organPariet = wallCardi = heartPeri = around

Parietal pleuraPleural cavity

Visceral pleura

Lung

Diaphragm

Serous membrane around the lungs

Pleur = rib, side

Pleural cavity – visceral & parietal pleura

Pericardial cavity

• Anatomical position• Body directions• Planes and sections• Body cavities

Appendicitis case

• 21 year old male• Healthy• Pain in umbilical region• Sudden onset• Spreads to lower right

quadrant• fever

• Symptoms?

• Signs?

• Homeostasis?

• Danger of appendicitis?