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Introduction Slide 2 Basics Most medical words are comprised of 3 sections Most medical words are comprised of 3 sections Root Prefix Suffix To define a medical word you must: To define a medical word you must: Divide the word into its sections Analyze each section Slide 3 1. Prefix A prefix is the word Element placed at beginning of word root that changes its meaning A prefix is the word Element placed at beginning of word root that changes its meaning Normally deals with size, number, time, or direction Normally deals with size, number, time, or direction Medical 1) Poly Many- Polyuria Medical 2) Hyper High, above, excessive- hyperthyroidism Medical 3) Sub Below, under- sublingual gland Slide 4 2. Word Root The word root is the heart or meaning of a word The word root is the heart or meaning of a word Medical speech gastro=stomach (gastritis, gastroma, gastric) gastro=stomach (gastritis, gastroma, gastric) osteo=bone (osteoma osteomegaly) osteo=bone (osteoma osteomegaly) Slide 5 3. Suffix The suffix is the word element at end of word after the root that changes the meaning of the word The suffix is the word element at end of word after the root that changes the meaning of the word Usually describes a pathology (i.e. disease) Usually describes a pathology (i.e. disease) Medical English itis Inflammation Medical ectomy Removal Medical oma Tumor/Cancer Medical ia Condition Slide 6 Origins of Medical Words The Ancient Greeks and Romans were the first to dissect and name the parts of the body. The Ancient Greeks and Romans were the first to dissect and name the parts of the body. The Romans spoke Latin. The Romans spoke Latin. After the fall of Rome, Latin continued to be the language of the educated until the modern time. After the fall of Rome, Latin continued to be the language of the educated until the modern time. For this reason, much of our medical terms originate from Latin. For this reason, much of our medical terms originate from Latin. General Rule General Rule Most diseases come from the Greek language: pneumonia, encephalitis, hepatitis, Most anatomy comes from the Latin language Vertebrae, Oral, Abdomen, Larynx Slide 7 Roots (Most roots have an o to connect it to suffix, but not always.) Liver Hepato Liver Hepato Heart Cardio Heart Cardio Brain Encephalo Brain Encephalo Bone Osteo Bone Osteo Mouth Oro Mouth Oro Ear Oto Ear Oto Throat Pharyngo Throat Pharyngo Vein Phlebo Vein Phlebo Kidney Nephro Reno Kidney Nephro Reno Blood Hemo Blood Hemo Skull Cranio Skull Cranio Uterus/Womb Hysto Uterus/Womb Hysto Ovaries Oophoro Ovaries Oophoro Bladder Cysto Bladder Cysto Gall bladder Cholecysto Gall bladder Cholecysto Fallopian Tubes Salpingo Fallopian Tubes Salpingo Rib Costo Rib Costo Stomach Gastro Stomach Gastro Chest Thoraco Chest Thoraco Lung Pulmano Pneumo Lung Pulmano Pneumo Intestines Entero Intestines Entero Arm Brachio Arm Brachio Armpit Axillo Armpit Axillo Eye Ophthalmo Eye Ophthalmo Muscle Myo Muscle Myo Nerves Neuro Nerves Neuro Skin Dermo Skin Dermo Nose Rhino Nose Rhino Breast Mast Breast Mast Testicles Orchido Testicles Orchido Joint Arthro Joint Arthro Penis Phallo Penis Phallo Spinal Cord Myelo Spinal Cord Myelo Mind Psycho Mind Psycho Urine Uro Urine Uro Slide 8 Suffixes itis-inflammation itis-inflammation tonsillitis ectomy-removal ectomy-removal tonsillectomy plasty-surgical repair plasty-surgical repair rhinoplasty logy- study of logy- study of dermatology scopy- study involving camera scopy- study involving camera bronchoscopy emia blood condition emia blood condition Leukemia, uremia ia- medical condition ia- medical condition uremia megaly enlargening megaly enlargening cardiomegaly oma- cancerous tumor oma- cancerous tumor hepatoma pathy- disease pathy- disease encephalopathy plegia paralysis plegia paralysis Quadriplegia rrhea discharge/flow rrhea discharge/flow diarrhea algia and dynia- pain algia and dynia- pain Slide 9 Common Prefixes hypo-below, deficient hypo-below, deficient hyper- too much, excessive hyper- too much, excessive pre- before pre- before post- after post- after infra under, below infra under, below supra above supra above sub under below sub under below inter- between inter- between retro behind, backward retro behind, backward a- no, lack of a- no, lack of bi or di- two bi or di- two hemi-half hemi-half macro- large macro- large micro small micro small poly- many poly- many endo- inside endo- inside peri outside, around peri outside, around circum- around circum- around dys- abnormal/diseased dys- abnormal/diseased brady- too slow brady- too slow tachy -too fast tachy -too fast Slide 10 Medical Abbreviations Used to make patient charting easier and shorter Used to make patient charting easier and shorter Originate from Latin Originate from Latin Slide 11 Common Abbreviations q.d. every day q.d. every day q.h.- every hour q.h.- every hour b.i.d.- 2x/day b.i.d.- 2x/day t.i.d.- 3x/day t.i.d.- 3x/day q.i.d- 4X/DAY q.i.d- 4X/DAY n.p.o.-nothing by mouth n.p.o.-nothing by mouth s- without s- without c- with c- with fx fracture fx fracture sx- surgery sx- surgery hx- history hx- history dx- diagnosis dx- diagnosis Slide 12 Vocabulary for Test Sycophant (n) brown-noser, kiss-ass Sycophant (n) brown-noser, kiss-ass Ambivalent (adj) {(ambivalence (n)} to have simultaneously conflicting feelings about something Ambivalent (adj) {(ambivalence (n)} to have simultaneously conflicting feelings about something Touche- a word stated as a response to when someone makes a good point. Touche- a word stated as a response to when someone makes a good point. Precocious (adj)- {precocity (n)}to be mature beyond your years Precocious (adj)- {precocity (n)}to be mature beyond your years Coquette (n)- a flirt Coquette (n)- a flirt Euphemism-(n)- a politically-correct term for an old term considered offensive (e.g. African-American Sanitation Engineer Little Person Euphemism-(n)- a politically-correct term for an old term considered offensive (e.g. African-American Sanitation Engineer Little Person Slide 13 Group Activity Break into pairs Break into pairs Begin writing flashcards (1 or 2 terms per card) Begin writing flashcards (1 or 2 terms per card) Slide 14 Group Assignment Groups no bigger than 4 persons Groups no bigger than 4 persons Put a line b/t prefix, root, and suffix. Put a line b/t prefix, root, and suffix. Must have entire word correct for full credit Group with most correct answers will receive 5 extra points on Friday quiz. Group with most correct answers will receive 5 extra points on Friday quiz. You are competing with other groups, so You are competing with other groups, soSHHHHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!