introduction€¦ · down exercise 2: complete the crossword puzzle. 1) the nile reaches to 7south...
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Egypt is situated in the northeastern corner of the
African continent. It borders Israel, Jordan, and Saudi
Arabia to the east, Sudan to the south, Libya to the
west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north.
Geography Egypt is often divided into two geographical regions:
Upper Egypt in the south and Lower Egypt in the north.
These regions were given these names because the
Nile flows from the (higher) south end to the (lower)
north end. Upper Egypt largely consists of hills and
desert. Lower Egypt has wide valleys along the Nile and
deserts on the east and west.
The Nile is very important for Egypt. The country
would be a desert without it. The source of the river
is far to the south in Sudan, Uganda and Ethiopia.
Nature and Wildlife The desert regions of Egypt are home to a few plant
species. Most of the country’s flora can be found in
the fertile Nile Valley.
Despite its arid landscape, there is a wide variety of
animal species. Some of these include gazelles,
crocodiles, and goats.
People and Culture Most Egyptians descend from the Hamites of ancient
Egypt and the Arabs who migrated to Egypt in the 7th
century. Islam is the most dominant religion in Egypt. Around 90% of the Egyptians are Muslims. The remaining
10% of the population are Copts, which is an old branch of Christianity.
Government and Economy Egypt is a very important country in the region because of its history, population, geography and military. Officially,
Egypt is a democratic country, but many people claim that the democratic system is not functioning well. Until
2005, there had only been one single presidential candidate to vote for.
Egypt has natural resources such as oil and gas, but its main source of income is tourism. Many tourists from all
over the world visit Egypt to see the ancient monuments such as the pyramids and the sphinx.
Fast Facts
Flag:
Population: 85 million
Capital: Cairo
Currency: Egyptian Pound
Language: Arabic
Government: Democratic Republic
Introduction
Source: WorldAtlas.com
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Exercise 2: Complete the crossword puzzle.
1) The Nile reaches to South Africa.
2) The Nile flows into the Mediterranean
Sea.
3) Alexandria is the capital of Egypt.
4) Egypt is home to animal species such as
crocodiles, lions, and elephants.
5) Egyptian people speak Arabic.
6) The area along the Nile is Egypt’s most
fertile region.
7) The Arabs are Egypt’s indigenous people.
8) The majority of Egypt’s population is
Muslim.
9) Egypt has a democratic government that
holds fair elections.
10) The oil industry is the most important
sector of its economy.
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
Down 1) A group of people who descend from the ancient Egyptians.
4) Egypt's most important sector of the economy.
5) Without the … , most of Egypt would be desert.
Across 2) The capital of Egypt.
3) Egypt borders ... to the west.
6) The … are a group of
Christians in Egypt.
7) The currency of Egypt.
Exercise 1: Are the following statements true or false?
Hieroglyphic Covered Obelisk Towers
of Karnak Ruins, Luxor, Egypt
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The period between 3100 BC and 332 BC is known as
ancient Egypt. It was an advanced civilization that
concentrated along the banks of the Nile River. The
ancient Egyptians used the fertile flood plains of the
Nile to grow crops. It was a prosperous time in which
the Egyptians created a system of writing called
hieroglyphics, built massive temples and tombs, and had
a very strong army. The ancient Egyptians were led by
kings, called pharaohs.
In 332 BC, Alexander the Great, the king of Macedonia,
invaded Egypt. The Macedonians ruled Egypt until they
were defeated by the Romans in 30 BC. The
Romans made an end to ancient Egyptian culture
and ruled Egypt until Arabs from the Middle East
invaded in 642 AD. At that time, the Egyptians were
predominantly Christian, but the Arabs converted
the population to Islam and turned Egypt into an
Arabic state.
In 1517, the Turkish Ottoman Empire took control
of Egypt. Their rule was briefly overthrown by
Napoleon of France in 1798, but the Ottomans soon
regained control.
In 1882, Britain took control of Egypt, as
they wanted to control the Suez Canal, a
man-made waterway that connects the Red
Sea with the Mediterranean Sea. The Suez
Canal allowed them to shorten their sailing
trips to Asia. The British never officially
colonized Egypt but controlled most of the
country. In 1922, Britain granted Egypt its
independence.
History
Egyptian priest
Alexander the Great founding Alexandria, Egypt
British battleship passing through the Suez
Canal.
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Exercise 4: Order the historic events from first to last.
a) Arabs from the Middle East invaded and
introduced Islam.
b) Alexander the Great invaded Egypt.
c) Britain took control of parts of Egypt in
order to get control of the Suez Canal.
d) The Romans ruled Egypt.
e) The ancient Egyptians developed
an advanced civilization.
f) Egypt became an independent
country.
g) The Ottoman Empire took
control of Egypt.
1) The time between ________________________ and ________________________ is known as ancient Egypt.
2) The ancient Egyptian civilization was centered along the ________________________ .
3) ________________________ was the writing script of the ancient Egyptians.
4) Alexander the Great was the king of ________________________ .
5) Before the arrival of the Arabs, most Egyptians were ________________________ , but the Arabs converted them
to ________________________ .
6) The Ottoman Empire was founded in the country of ________________________ .
7) The Suez Canal is a waterway that connects ________________________ and ________________________ .
8) In the year ________________________ , ________________________ granted Egypt its independence.
Exercise 3: Fill In the gaps.
Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman
Empire conquered Egypt in 1517
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Ancient Egypt was a powerful civilization which lasted between 3150 BC
and 30 BC. This civilization was located along the Nile River in the
northeast of Africa. The civilization was formed when two kingdoms were
united (Upper and Lower Egypt). The Nile was very important for the
ancient Egyptians. The people built irrigation systems along the river and
were able to grow lots of crops in the area. The river gave the people
food, soil, and water.
The Ancient Egyptians had a rich culture in terms of government,
religion, and arts. The leader of the government was a pharaoh.
He ruled over the empire as a political and religious leader. Many
Ancient Egyptians believed that pharaohs were half-human and
half-god. After they died, they were often buried with all kinds of
treasures in massive pyramids. The people believed that this was
needed to succeed in the afterlife. The most famous Pharaohs
are Tutankhamun, Ramses II, and Cleopatra.
The quality of life of the Ancient Egyptians depended on the social
class they belonged to. The Pharaohs made up the highest class.
The class below the Pharaoh consisted of the Pharaoh’s family,
high priests, government officials, and rich landowners. Farmers
and unskilled workers made up the lowest class.
The Ancient Egyptian empire began to
decline around 700 BC when they were
attacked by several other empires from
the Middle East such as the Assyrian and
the Persian Empires. The Ancient Romans
finally defeated the Egyptians in 30 BC and
made the Egyptian Empire a part of the
Roman Empire.
Ancient Egypt
Pyramid of Giza
Hieroglyphics
Fun Facts Egyptian men and women often wore make-up. They believed
that it had healing powers and protected their skin from the
Sun.
The ancient Egyptians were one of the first civilizations to
invent writing. Their writing system is known as Hieroglyphics.
The ancient Egyptians invented many things, such as medicine,
the calendar, musical instruments, and toothpaste.
Cats were considered to be sacred in Ancient Egypt.
The bandages of an Ancient Egyptian mummy could stretch
up to one mile when unwrapped!
The Ancient Egyptians believed in more than 2,000 different
gods! They had gods for various aspects in their lives.
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1) ____________________________ 3) ____________________________ 5) ____________________________
2) ____________________________ 4) ____________________________ 6) ____________________________
1) When did the Ancient Egyptian civilization start?
a. When two ancient kingdoms in Egypt unified.
b. When the Nile was formed.
c. Around the year 30 BC.
d. All of the above.
2) What is a pharaoh?
a. An ancient Egyptian king. b. An ancient Egyptian god.
c. A mummy. d. A writing system.
3) Why did the Ancient Egyptians build pyramids?
a. To worship their gods.
b. As a residence for the pharaoh.
c. As a tomb for the pharaohs.
d. As a place to hide during invasions.
4) Why did many Egyptians wear make-up?
a. To scare away the ghosts. b. To please the pharaohs.
c. To look more beautiful. d. None of the above.
Exercise 5: Choose the best answers for the questions below.
5) Who was not a Pharaoh?
a. Tutankhamun b. Ramses II
c. Julius Caesar d. Cleopatra
6) Which of the following empires was not an
enemy of Ancient Egypt?
a. the Persian Empire b. the Assyrians
c. the Roman Empire d. the Mayans
7) Ancient Egyptian civilization had a system of
different social classes.
a. true b. false
8) Why was the Nile very important to the
ancient Egyptians?
a. because it enabled them to grow crops.
b. because it separated their territory from
invaders.
c. because they believed the Nile was sacred.
d. none of the above.
Exercise 6: The words below are chopped in half. Find the pieces that fit together and write them down below.
Pyramid of Henutsen
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In ancient Egyptian mythology, there were over 2,000 different
gods. Just like the ancient Greek and Roman religions, Egyptian
religion had many gods and goddesses. Some images of these gods
show that they had human bodies with the head of an animal.
Different animals were chosen to represent different powers of
these gods.
Temples Temples were built by the ancient Egyptians to honor their gods.
Each god had its own or more temples. People prayed to their gods
in order to get the things they needed. Most Egyptians were not
afraid of their gods and would sometimes hit the temple in case
they didn’t get what they needed.
The Afterlife The Egyptians believed that there was life after death. In order
access this afterlife, people needed to have two parts: a ‘ka’, which
is the force of life, and a ‘ba’, which is the soul. If both of these
parts could be united, people would be able to live in the afterlife.
In order to make this happen, dead bodies needed to be preserved
and that was usually done through a process called mummification.
Gods and Goddesses Some gods were more important than others. Different cities and
Pharaohs in Egypt favored different gods - some of these were
worshiped throughout the country, while others were only
worshiped locally.
Ancient Egyptian Religion
4) How could Egyptian people reach the afterlife? _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
5) Who is the most important god or goddess? _______________________________________________
6) Were pharaohs gods? Explain. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
Exercise 7: Answer the questions below.
Ra The most important god
was Ra, the deity of the sun.
The Egyptians believed that
Ra created all forms of life
and he was the supreme
ruler among all the gods.
Osiris Osiris was the ruler of
the underworld and the
god of the dead. He was
married to Isis and was
the father of Horus.
Isis Isis was the wife of Osiris
and the mother of Horus.
She used powerful magic
spells to help the people in
need.
Horus Horus was the god of the
sky. The Pharaoh, a ruler
of the Egyptians, was
considered to be the
living version or the
intermediary of this god.
1) Why do you think there were many different gods
and goddesses in the ancient Egyptian religion? _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
2) Why did the Egyptian gods have animal heads? _______________________________________________
3) Why did some Egyptian people hit the temples? _______________________________________________
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The pharaohs were the kings of Ancient Egypt. They
ruled the country as political and religious leaders.
Menes was the first pharaoh of Egypt, he united the
north and the south regions and turned them into one
single country. Many people in ancient Egypt thought
of the pharaohs as half-human, half-god. They
thought that the pharaoh embodied the god Horus,
the god of the sky. When a pharaoh died, it was
believed that they would be reunited with the sun and
another Horus would come to rule the kingdom.
The word ‘pharaoh’ means ‘great house’, which
refers to a palace or kingdom. The wife of the
Pharaoh, or the Queen of Egypt, was also considered
to be a powerful ruler. Normally, only men could be
pharaohs, but sometimes a woman also became one.
The son of the pharaoh would take the reins when his
father died. The son had to go through an intensive
training in order to be a good leader. During their
reigns, pharaohs had to make sure that their people
were safe and well fed. But they also had to discipline
them when needed.
The history of Ancient Egypt is divided according to
the different dynasties of the pharaohs who ruled the
country. A dynasty is a family that maintained the
power, handing over the throne to an heir. Historians
believe that there were 31 dynasties over 3,000 years
of Ancient Egyptian history.
Throughout the history of ancient Egypt there were many pharaohs. The most famous ones are briefly introduced
on the right.
Pharaohs Famous Pharaohs
Khufu (reigned 2589 - 2566 BC)
Khufu was a powerful pharaoh who was part of the
fourth dynasty. He is mostly famous for building
the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Hatshepsut (reigned 1498-1483 BC)
Hatshepsut was a female pharaoh
during the 18th dynasty of ancient
Egypt. Experts believe that she
was one of the most successful
pharaohs and reigned longer than
any other female pharaoh. She
became the ruler of Egypt when
her husband, Thutmose II, died.
Tutankhamun (reigned 1334-1325 BC)
Tutankhamun was the youngest
pharaoh to ever rule Egypt. He
became pharaoh when he was only 9
years old and died when he was 18.
Tutankhamun is mostly famous for
his tomb, in the Valley of the Kings.
Ramses II (reigned 1279-1212 BC)
Experts believe that Ramses II
was the most powerful pharaoh.
He built many temples and died at
92. His successors often referred
to him as the “Great Ancestor”.
Cleopatra (reigned 51-30 BC)
Cleopatra was the last empress of
Egypt and was very intelligent.
Under her reign, Egypt became one
of the world’s most powerful and
wealthy civilizations.
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1) A pharaoh was …
a. A god b. A priest
c. A warlord d. A king
2) Which statement is correct?
a. Pharaohs inherited their title.
b. Pharaohs were highly trained to become good leaders.
c. Some pharaohs were female.
d. All of the above are correct.
3) Who was Horus?
a. The god of the Nile River.
b. A pharaoh.
c. A half-god and half-human figure.
d. None of the above.
4) How many families ruled ancient Egypt?
a. 6 b. 1
c. 2 d. 31
5) Who was the most powerful pharaoh?
a. Khufu b. Hatshepsut
c. Ramses II d. Cleopatra
6) Which pharaoh built the Pyramid of Giza?
a. Khufu b. Tutankhamun
c. Ramses II d. Cleopatra
7) Who was the longest reigning female pharaoh?
a. Hatshepsut b. Khufu
c. Ramses II d. Cleopatra
8) Which pharaoh is known for building many
temples?
a. Khufu b. Hatshepsut
c. Ramses II d. Cleopatra
1) esenm ____________________________ The first pharaoh of Egypt.
2) shour ____________________________
The god of the sky.
3) ughatsoere ____________________________
The word pharaoh means … .
4) hatphutess ____________________________
A female pharaoh.
5) uknmanttuha ____________________________
The youngest of all pharaohs.
6) aentctsoearrg ____________________________
Ramses II is also known as the … .
Exercise 9: Unscramble the words below. Hints are given.
Exercise 8: Choose the best answers for the questions below.
Bust of Nefertiti
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Why were the pyramids built? The pyramids in Egypt were built around 4,500 years ago and served as monuments and burial places for the
pharaohs. The ancient Egyptians believed that their kings needed these burial tombs to succeed in the afterlife.
The pharaohs were buried deep inside the pyramid together with all kinds of treasures that the pharaoh might
need in his afterlife.
Types of pyramids Not all pyramids look the same. The oldest pyramids have large
ledges that look like giant steps. Experts believe that these
steps were built as some kind of a stairway for the pharaohs to
climb to the god of the sun. Most other pyramids do not have
these massive steps and instead have flat sides. It is believed
that these flat sides are a symbol of the beginning of time.
How were the pyramids built? Until today, it remains a mystery as to how these pyramids were
actually built. Some archaeologists believe that more than a thousand
slaves were used to cut up the blocks and move them up the pyramid
by using ramps. It is believed that it took around 25 years and more
than 20,000 workers to build the Great Pyramid of Giza. In many
cases, the pharaohs would already start building the pyramid while
they were in power, as it took such a long time to complete.
How big are the pyramids? There are 138 pyramids in Egypt, the largest of which is the Pyramid
of Khufu, which is also referred to as the Great Pyramid of Giza. When
the ancient Egyptians finished building the tomb, it was over 480 feet
tall. Experts estimate that the Great Pyramid of Giza consists of more
than 2.3 million blocks of rock and weighs 5.9 million tons!
Pyramids
Fun Facts The Great Pyramid of Giza points
very precisely to the north.
The pyramids of Egypt were all
built to the west of the Nile River.
This is because the western side
was associated with the land of
the dead.
The base of a pyramid is always
a perfect square.
The Pyramid of Menkaure, the
Pyramid of Khafre, and the Great
Pyramid of Giza are precisely
aligned with the Constellation of
Orion.
For more than 3,800 years, the
Great Pyramid of Giza was the
tallest man-made structure in
the world.
Pyramid of Djoser
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1) Why did the ancient Egyptians build pyramids?
a. As monuments to the glory of Egypt.
b. As temples for their gods.
c. As meeting places for the leaders of the country.
d. As burial sites for the Pharaohs.
2) When were the pyramids built?
a. 5,000 BC b. 2,500 BC c. 2,000 BC d. 1,000 AD
3) Why do some pyramids have large ledges?
a. For the deceased pharaohs to climb to the gods.
b. To make it easier to climb the pyramid.
c. Each step or level represented a cycle of life.
d. The ledges are caused by erosion.
4) What is the largest pyramid built by the Egyptians?
a. The Pyramid of Djoser.
b. The Pyramid of Khafre.
c. The Great Pyramid of Giza.
d. The Red Pyramid of Snofru.
5) What do the pyramids all have in common?
a. They are all located just outside of Cairo.
b. They are all situated on the west side of the Nile.
c. They were all built next to the Mediterranean Sea.
d. They were all built on the coast of the red Sea.
What is inside the Pyramids? There are several rooms and hallways inside the pyramids. The burial rooms are
located deep inside the pyramid and were usually decorated with paintings and
carvings. Near the pharaoh’s room, there are other rooms that served as the burial
rooms for his family and servants.
Most pyramids have fake burial rooms. They were built to trick robbers who were
after all of the treasures hidden inside the pyramids. Despite all of these efforts,
most of the pyramids were eventually robbed, and all treasures were stolen around
1,000 BC.
Exercise 10: Answer the following questions about the pyramids.
Exercise 11: Write the names of the things related to pyramids below and find the hidden word.
1) These things were buried together
with the Pharaohs.
2) Egypt’s largest pyramid.
3) The stone tombs of Pharaohs.
4) An ancient Egyptian king.
5) Pyramids were built for Pharaohs
to succeed in the … .
Inside a Pyramid
6) How long did it take to build a pyramid?
a. Less than a year b. 5 years
c. 15 years d. 25 years
7) Why did pyramids have fake passages and traps?
a. To keep the Pharaoh`s spirit from leaving the
pyramid.
b. To keep evil spirits from haunting the Pharaoh.
c. To keep robbers from stealing the treasures.
d. All of the above.
8) Why have archaeologists not found the original
treasures in many of the pyramids?
a. Robbers stole them thousands of years ago.
b. Archaeologists kept the treasures for themselves.
c. The traps and hidden passages make it impossible
to find them.
d. The treasures are a myth and never really existed.
9) Which people had burial rooms inside a pyramid?
a. The pharaoh’s servants b. The pharaoh’s wives.
c. Only the Pharaohs. d. All of the above.
10) How tall is the pyramid of Khufu at Giza?
a. 80 feet b. 120 feet
c. 250 feet d. 480 feet
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The Nile is the longest river in the world with 4,160 miles.
It begins in Burundi and flows through the northeast of
Africa into the Mediterranean Sea. There are two main
tributaries of the river: the White Nile and the Blue Nile.
Tributaries are smaller rivers that run into one river. The
river is most famous for flowing through Egypt, but it also
runs through ten other African countries. Only 22% of the
Nile flows through Egypt.
In Egypt, the Nile created a green and fertile area. Each
year, around September, the Nile’s banks overflowed and
flooded the surrounding area. The floods left a black and
thick mud that provided excellent soil for farming. The
ancient Egyptian civilization was established along this area.
The river provided a means of transportation, fertile soil
to farm, building materials, and many other things. Without
the Nile, the ancient Egyptians would have never developed
such an advanced society. The Nile no longer floods
because of the construction of the Aswan Dam in the 1960s.
The ancient Egyptian Calendar was based on the Nile. It consists of three seasons with four months per season:
Akhet, Peret, and Shemu. Akhet is the season during which the Nile overflows and floods the surrounding areas.
Peret is the growing season, and Shemu is the season for harvest.
The Nile River was even a part of ancient Egyptian
religion. The people had a Nile god called Hapi.
Whenever a flood occurred, the Egyptians would
thank the Nile god for the fertile soil. They also
believed that the land east of the Nile was associated
with growth and birth. The land west of the river was
associated with death. This is the reason why all of
the pyramids were built west of the Nile.
Feluccas on the Nile
The Nile
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1) The Nile River is longer than the Mississippi River.
2) The Nile begins in the Mediterranean Sea and flows toward the
south of Africa.
3) The land east of the Nile is associated with death.
4) The ancient Egyptians hated the Nile because it often flooded
their farmlands.
5) The ancient Egyptians developed a calendar that was based on the
Nile.
6) Hapi was the god of the Nile.
7) The Nile does not flood anymore.
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1) The Nile is ________________________ miles long and begins in ________________________ .
2) The Nile has two tributaries: the ________________________ and the ________________________ .
3) The Nile no longer floods since the construction of the ________________________ .
4) The three seasons of the Egyptian calendar are ________________________ , ________________________ , and
________________________ .
Exercise 13: Fill In the gaps.
Exercise 12: Are the following statements true or false?
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People who follow Islam are called Muslims. They believe in Allah, which is their
god. The religion is most popular in the Middle East, North Africa and Asia.
Islam is the most dominant religion in Egypt, nearly 90% of its population is
Muslim. The religion was introduced in Egypt in 642 AD, during the the Arab
conquest. Islam is the official state religion, and the country is governed by
Islamic laws (Sharia).
Prophet Muhammad is the founder of Islam. He was born in 570 AD, in Mecca,
Saudi Arabia. He is regarded as the founder of the religion. Muslims believe
that he was the last prophet who was sent by Allah. The first prophet was
Adam. There are no pictures of Muhammad. Muslims believe that the Qur’an
is against it.
Muslims worship at a mosque, which is a place where people gather to study
their religion and worship Allah. Most mosques have a roof which is dome
shaped with towers that are referred to as minarets. Islamic holy men, called muezzins, climb the minaret to call
Muslims to pray. In a mosque, there are no statues or paintings of holy figures. Instead, there are decorations
with patterns and texts from the Qur’an, the holy book. Inside a mosque, there are no places for Muslims to sit,
they use little prayer mats to pray to Allah. When people enter a Mosque, they need to take off their shoes and
wash themselves to keep the place clean for prayer. There are special places where people can put their shoes
and there is a little pool or fountain where people can wash. Women have a separate area in the Mosque and are
not allowed to go to the men’s side.
Islam
Mosque of Ibn Tulun, Cairo
The symbol above
represents Muhammad
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The Qur’an is the holy book of Islam; Muslims believe the
Qur’an is the ‘word of God’. All Muslim practices and beliefs
are written in the holy book and it is treated with great
respect. They believe that the book is from Allah, so every
word is considered to be sacred. The Qur’an is often placed
on a special wooden stand when it is being read.
Muslims are required to:
pray five times per day (the times are fixed by the position
of the sun and changes every day).
wash themselves before praying.
face the direction of Mecca while they say their prayers.
Islam has five duties that every Muslim must follow, they are also called the Five Pillars of Islam.
Shahada – This is the main belief of all Muslims and is a declaration of their faith.
Salah – Salah is prayer and all Muslims must pray 5 times a day and follow the specific rituals.
Zakat – Muslims are required to look after people in need. Every follower must give a part of his or her
wealth to help people who really need it.
Hajj – All Muslims have to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.
Saum – During the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, Muslims cannot eat or drink during the daylight
hours. This period is called the Ramadan. The fast is to remind people how difficult it is to be poor and
hungry. It teaches people to think about the essentials of life and not to be greedy.
Qur’an
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1) In which country did Islam originate?
________________________________________________
2) In which parts of the world do most Muslims live?
________________________________________________
3) In which place do Muslims worship? How is it
different from a church?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
4) How many Muslim countries do you know? Write
them down.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
5) What is the name of the god for Muslims?
________________________________________________
6) Who is Muhammad?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
7) How do Muslims pray?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
8) Why do Muslims wash themselves before going
inside the mosque?
________________________________________________
9) What is Mecca and why is it special to Muslims?
________________________________________________
10) What are the Five pillars of Islam? Write them
down in your own words. ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Exercise 15: The words below are chopped in half. Find the pieces that
fit together and write them down below.
Exercise 14: Answer the questions about Islam.
A page from the Qur’an
Minaret
1) _________________________ 6) _________________________
2) _________________________ 7) _________________________
3) _________________________ 8) _________________________
4) _________________________ 9) _________________________
5) _________________________ 10) ________________________
LAH MUS PRO ZIN QUE
HADA AL LIM MOS CA
QUR LAM MUEZ RET MEC
SHA AN IS PHET MINA
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Abu Simbel Abu Simbel is a complex with temples carved out of
rock in the south of Egypt. The temples were built
during the reign of
Pharaoh Ramses the
Great in the 13th
century BC. They were
built as a monument to
the pharaoh and his
wife, Nefertari.
The Great Sphinx The Great Sphinx is a statue that is located near the
Pyramids of Giza. The sculpture has the body of a lion,
the head of a human and represents the god of the Sun,
Ra. It is the largest monumental statue in the world
and is carved out of one
single ridge of limestone. It
is 240 feet long and 66 feet
high. Over time, the Sphinx
has been badly damaged by
natural erosion. It is believed
by experts that the sphinx
originally had a beard.
The Ruins of Karnak The ruins of Karnak are an impressive site in Egypt
and are the largest ancient religious site in the world.
It took several generations of Egyptian builders to
complete the temple near Luxor. Karnak consists of
three major temples together with smaller ones
located around it. The Hypostyle Hall is one of the most
famous part of the complex. This hall is 50,000 square
feet with 134 huge columns.
Valley of the Kings The Valley of the Kings is one of the most famous and
popular tourist attractions in Egypt. It is the burial
place for many important pharaohs. The complex
consists of ancient tombs that were cut into the
limestone of the valley. Visitors of the valley can find
the tombs of Tutankhamen, Ramses the Great,
Hatshepsut and many other kings.
Mosque of Ibn Tulun The Mosque of Ibn Tulun was built in 876 AD and is one
of the oldest mosques in Cairo. The center of the
mosque has a courtyard. The minaret of the mosque
was probably added several hundred years later. The
site is a popular
tourist attraction
in Cairo and is also
featured in the
James Bond movie:
‘The Spy Who
Loved Me’.
Siwa Oasis The Siwa Oasis is located in the Libyan Desert and is
an isolated settlement of 23,000 people. Most of the
people there are ethnic Berbers. The ancient town is
situated on an old trading route and was most
prosperous during the time of the Roman Empire.
After the Roman Empire
collapsed, Siwa’s decline
began. In recent decades,
however, it has become a
popular destination for
tourists.
Attractions
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1) The Great Sphinx is a burial tomb for
pharaoh.
2) The Siwa Oasis is located in Libya.
3) Abu Simbel is the burial tomb for Pharaoh
Ramses the Great.
4) The Pharaohs built the mosque of Ibn
Tulun.
5) Karnak is the oldest ancient religious
complex in the world.
Exercise 16: Are the following statements true or false?
Exercise 18: Which attraction in Egypt would you like
to visit most? Explain.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
1) bin ntuul _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The oldest mosque in Cairo.
2) asioteld _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The Siwa Oasis is an … settlement.
3) kknara _ _ _ _ _ _
The largest ancient religious site in the world.
4) lrauib _ _ _ _ _ _
The Valley of the Kings are a … place for the pharaohs.
5) bua selmbi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A monument for Pharaoh Ramses the Great.
Exercise 17: Unscramble the words. Hints are given below.
6) Karnak is famous for its massive columns.
7) The Valley of the Kings is the burial tomb
for many pharaohs.
8) The ancient Egyptians worshipped at the
temples of Luxor.
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
Columns of the Ruins of Karnak
( )
( )
( )
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Exercise 19: Unscramble the words. Hints are given below.
1) myumm _ _ _ _ _
A dead body that has been preserved.
2) trmiosu _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Egypt’s main source of income.
3) carbia _ _ _ _ _ _
The language that is spoken in Egypt.
4) craoi _ _ _ _ _
The capital of Egypt.
Exercise 21: The words below are chopped in half. Find the pieces that fit
together and write them down below.
MID AOH AFTER LIM
SES PRO MUS OSI
LIFE PYRA PHAR RIS
RAM KAR PHET NAK
1) ___________________ 4) ___________________ 7) ___________________
2) ___________________ 5) ___________________ 8) ___________________
3) ___________________ 6) ___________________
Reflection
5) rlsiea _ _ _ _ _ _
Egypt borders … to the east.
6) basar _ _ _ _
… make up a large part of Egypt’s population.
7) sauaezncl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A waterway that connects the Red Sea and the
Mediterranean Sea.
8) ritniab _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A country that had control of Egypt in the part.
1) Into which two geographic regions can Egypt be
divided?
______________________________________________
2) Why did the ancient Egyptians build pyramids?
______________________________________________
Exercise 20: Answer the questions below.
3) Name three pharaohs.
______________________________________________
4) How long is the Nile?
________________________
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Exercise 22: Match the words with the pictures and find them in the word search.
( ) Great Sphinx
( ) Pyramids
( ) Muslim
( ) Egyptian God
( ) Qur’an
( ) Mosque
( ) Nile
( ) Mummy
( ) Hieroglyphs
( ) Islam
( ) Tourism
( ) Pharaoh
10
1
6
5 4
12
7
2
8 3 11 9
H M L D Z H Y V J Q P K N C Y
Y D X Q I P M L H O C F D S L
G Z M N C Z F E N F P A M T F
M Q U V I A S H Z P S C W D V
E R S F S H P Y L G O R E I H
E E L E G Y P T I A N G O D J
T Y I E L I N S Q P D X A V T
U S M T I S E N T H Q M A C O
Y H W M N L P Y R A M I D S U
O M H G U A Q V Y R E P X I R
E U Q S O M R C D A G R A F I
O Z P W F N X U A O X P G V S
M Z T J Q A W F Q H T G N E M