introduction link 16 infrastructure overview (a very brief ... · pdf filesummary management....

www.synthesys.co.uk IDLS Stand 311

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Introduction

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Link 16 Infrastructure (A very brief overview) Briefing to IDLS 2007

David ClarkeTechnical Manager – Operational SystemsSyntheSysSt. Hilda’s Business CentreWhitbyNorth YorkshireYO22 4ET

T: +44 (0) 1947 821464F: +44 (0) 1947 603301E: [email protected]: http://www.synthesys.co.uk


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Introduction

• Acquisition, management and sustainment of a TDL capability requires a supporting infrastructure that provides support at all levels and gives the appropriate direction to ensure a cohesive, integrated and system-centric capability that meets national and international needs


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Context

• Briefing based on • Extensive Link 16 experience and expertise

within the Company• Current work for UK MOD• Studies carried out for UK MOD, Swedish

FMV and Danish AMC (now DALO)• Current UK practice used to generate

practical examples• Not that it is perfect but it has been in use for

some time and is evolving to best practice• A VERY quick overview focusing on

some key aspects only


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Infrastructure Overview


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Restrictions

• Not possible within the timescales to cover all the aspects that are required to support a Link 16 capability

• Briefing timetable!• Briefing will look at an overview of each

element (hidden slides)• Focus on following key aspects:

• Policy and the relationship to specifications• Organisation• Configuration Management & Configuration

Control


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Methodology


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Methodology• Underpinning all is the methodology or the

processes used• Traditional we have created bespoke processes to

address TDLs in the misguided view that TDLs are unique

• In fact they are just information exchange systems with both hard and soft interfaces, exactly is in the commercial arena

• The lesson to be learned is that perfectly adequate and proven commercial practices can be applied to TDLs

• Standard systems engineering practices• Application of systems engineering practices allows

for IO assurance to be applied at all levels in a systematic and coherent fashion

• We’ll see how that can be applied as we go through


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Policy


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Policy Overview

• Policy is the core on which the whole infrastructure is built

• Policy should ensure that correct direction and information will be provided to form a robust infrastructure

• We will go into policy and how its feeds standards and specifications later


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Policy

• Policy and doctrine are the bedrock of a TDL infrastructure

• Doctrine provides the overall aim and policy provides the direction to get there

• In the TDL arena, doctrine is provided at the upper echelons of government – Defence Policy

• From that flows policy• TDL policy• Link policies

• The Link 16 policy is more than a CONOPS• It is an integrated suite of sub-policies


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Policy –Subordinate Policies

• The Joint Link 16 CONOPS should mandate a series of subordinate policies covering:

• Systems engineering approach• Technical management• Data management• Configuration management• Interface management• Safety management• Electromagnetic environment effects and spectrum

supportability• Training• Integrated logistics support• Recording and Analysis


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Policy – CONOPS• Key aspects of a Link 16 CONOPS

• Joint• Provides a system-centric (system of systems) approach

• A CONOPS• Interprets, describes, and refines national defence policy

and doctrine to provide a common frame of reference that guides and informs platforms on their TDL implementation.

• Describes a nation’s aspirations for international operations and, as such, provides guidance on interoperability requirements.

• Provides the basis for a system-of-systems approach to platform implementation and facilitates the identification of IORs and IERs

• Be an integrated element of the systems engineering approach

• Lower level documentation provides the platform requirements

• These flow directly from the Link 16 Joint CONOPS


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ISO System Specification Paradigm

Subsystem Requirements

System Requirements

User Requirements

Module Requirements

Implement

Integration Tests

System Tests

Acceptance Tests

Module Tests


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Application to TDL “System of Systems”

System ADD

SSDD

System SRD

System URD

CONOPS

Validation

Traceability MatrixSystem

STS

System ATS

System Acceptance


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Policy Flow

MIL-STDMIL-STDStandards

DTDL- IORS

TDL CONOPS

NEC Policy

ValidationVe

rific

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MIL-STDMIL-STDP-Specs

Contractor

Platform FAT

Platform SAT

Data Link Acceptance

Operational Acceptance

Network Acceptance

Acce

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Com

plia

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“Networthiness”


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Organisation


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Organisation Overview

• All successful Link 16 infrastructures have a robust top down organisation that• Addresses the issues raised in the various

policy documents• Enables the management function of the

TDL capability at both system and platform level

• Is Joint• Provides interfaces with the international

community


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JTDLA

• Top level Defence Command body• Joint TDL Authority incorporating 3 key roles

• Programme Manager• Operational Capability Manager• Design Authority

• Key outputs would be• Policies and concepts of use• Support to operations• Input to procurement and sustainment processes

• All subsequent organisation flows from the JTDLA


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Generic Link 16 Organisation StructureJoint TDL Authority

Tactical Commands

Joint Data Link Operations Centre

Joint Network Design Joint Network Management

Command level

HQ level

Unit level

Standards CMSystem CC

User Groups

Unit Groups

Procurement Sustainment

Support Commands

Platform CC

Test and Evaluation


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Organisation Support to JTDLA

• Any Link 16 organisation works through complex of meetings, some virtual but most real

• The meeting structure involves both national and international

• It is the international interfaces that will provide the most benefit to assuring Interoperability


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International Link 16 Meetings

• Terminals and associated software/firmware• MIDS International Review Board (MIRB) • JTIDS International Configuration Review Board

(JICRB) • Implementation and Interoperability Working Group

(I&IWG)

• Message standards• NATO Data Link Working Group (DLWG) • Network Management Sub-Group (NMSG)

• Implementation testing• IO Requirements, Testing and Support Working

Group (IRTSWG)• Tactical Data Link IO Testing Syndicate (TDLITS)


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International Link 16 Meetings

• Operational forums• Coalition Warrior IO Demonstration (CWID) • JTIDS Frequency Spectrum Multi-National Working

Group (MNWG) and European JTIDS/MIDS Cross- Border Coordination Meeting (EJCC)

• Strategic Commanders Advisory Panel on Data Link Management (SCAPDLM)

• Multi-Link Users Conference• Major Exercises

• Symposiums• International Data Link Symposium (IDLS) • NATO Tactical Data Link Symposium (NTDLS)


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Meeting Inter-relationship

MIRB

JICRB

I&IWG

Often co-located

Issues of interest to both terminal communities

DLWG

NMSG

IRSTWG

TDLITS

CWID

MNWG

EJCC

SCAPDLM

Multi-Link Users Conference

NM information

Implementation data


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Typical National Link 16 Meetings• TDL Management

• JTDLA• Tactical User Groups (UK examples)

• HQ lead• JTIDS Operational Sub-Working Group

• Focus on users at the system level• Group/platform lead

• JTIDS User Group• Focus on specific platform issues

• Network Management• Network Steering Group (UK example)

• Focus on UK network design and problem issues• Testing and evaluation• Standards maintenance - CM (UK examples)

• TDL CCB• System and platform maintenance -CC (UK examples)

• TIDS CCB• TPEG


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Meeting Support to JTDLATDL Management

Board

TDL CM Meeting

TDL CC Meeting

MIDS/Link 16 Testing

TDL Network Management

Meeting

National Operator’s Forum

DLWG

MIRB/MIDS IPO

JICRB

TDLITS

EJCC

NMSG


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Sustainment Overview• Typical activities include:

• Test and evaluation• Whole life test planning• IO management• Certification/accreditation

• Configuration management (CM)• Standards• Implementations (CC)

• In-service support• Network design• Network management

• Security management• Crypto management

• Risk management• Training

• Concentrate on standards and implementation maintenance


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Standards and Implementation Maintenance

• Definitions• Configuration Management (CM) of

message standards• CM process focuses on standards and

documents• Configuration Control (CC) of MIDS

terminals, associated firmware/software and implementations• CC process focuses on systems• Aspects of CM to manage system

documents


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CM Issues

• Maintenance of MIL-STD-6016• Any associated national/platform documents

• Interaction with international community• Degree of interaction

• Full• “Guardians of the Interface”

• Targeted• National interest

• Watching• Nil

• “Standards management”


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CM Supporting Structures

• Decision making body• Established by TDL CM policy

• Expert technical advice• Link 16• Platform implementation

• Controlling agency• Oversight

• Audit trail


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Typical CM Process

Change Proposal

Review Change Proposal

Determine impact

Prepare national position

Submit national position

System

Platforms

Amend national documents

Apply implementation CC


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Example - UK Standards Management

DLCP or Revision

IA6/contractor

SPIAFRIA TSEN

FSR Response if not agree

Response?

TDL CCB

UK Position

DLWG

DLCP Withdrawn

DLCP Approved

DLWG Nation

UKSource

Initial Analyses

Distribution for comment

All platform review meeting

UK position input to DLWG


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CC Issues

• Aims• Possess and use accurate MIDS terminal,

associated firmware/software and implementation states to maximise IO.

• Record and resolve MIDS terminal, associated firmware/software problems

• Record and resolve MIDS implementation problems to obtain maximal operational performance from MIDS/Link 16-equipped platforms.

• Allow intelligent interaction with the equipment provider – in this instance, the MIDS IPO

• “Implementation Management”


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CC Supporting Structures

• Decision making body• Established by TDL CM policy

• Expert technical advice• MIDS terminal• Platform implementation

• Controlling agency• Oversight

• Audit trail


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Typical Implementation Management Process - 1

Record implementation

• Overview

Manage change

Problem Report (PR) Terminal upgrade


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Typical Implementation Management Process – 2

• Manage ChangeProblem Report (PR)

Assess PR for IO impact

Record PR

Platform internal PR IO PR

Platform - fix or accept

Update PR database

Update platform implementation

records

System – fix or accept

Record IO issue

Raise Change Proposal?

Fix


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Example - UK CC StructureTIDS CCB

( Platform & System CM)

2 -

TYPHOON

NIMROD

R1

*NIMROD

MRA4

ASTOR

AT/AAR/FSTA

SENTRY

E-3

TORNADO

F3

NMS

RN

FLEET

SKASaC

*A400M

GRAP/AMRAP

TPEG SUB-GROUPS

*TORNADO

GR4

*HARRIER

GR9

ARMY RAF RN

Single Service/Platform CM

Organisations

*LEAPP

*RN

T45

RN

MWS&F

Extraordinary TPEG


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Example - UK Top Level CM/CC Organisation

DLNAANATO C3B

NEC/ISR1* SC

TDL CCB

(Message Standards&

Data Link Protocols)

Single Service/Platform CM

OrganisationsRN/ARMY/RAF/DE&S

TIDS CCB

(Platform & System CM)

INTERNATIONAL(eg. JICRB/MIRB)

UK(eg. PECCB)

NATO(eg. TDLITS)

NATO DLWG


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Systems Overview• The MIDS system consists of

• Hardware• Terminals• Platforms

• Host implementations• Engineering support• Initialisation Data Preparation Facilities

• Network design, planning and management tools• Cryptographic devices and keys• Test tools

• Rigs• SIMPLE interface units• Standards Conformance tools• Interoperability assessment tools

• Software• MIDS terminal software/firmware• Platform host software• CM/CC supporting databases• Training

• Rig• CBT


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System Overview• Documentation

• Standards• Specifications• Policies and other directives• Standard Operating Procedures• Training Manuals• Test scripts• IO assessments

• Structures• JTDLA• Subsidiary organisations• JDLOC• CM• CC• Test & Evaluation• Procurement• Training• Unit level


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System Overview• Personnel

• Policy and command• Procurement• Sustainment• Operational

• Meetings• National• International support

• All form the MIDS system and must be catered for, managed and maintained as a system within the framework established by policy and supervised by the JTDLA


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Summary

• A quick run through what constitutes a MIDS/Link 16 infrastructure

• Key issues• Joint approach• System-centric approach• Founded on a policy suite• Managed from the highest level• Underpined by supportable, standardised

management techniques and engineering practices


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Questions


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Further


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Infrastructure Overview


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Management Overview

• This functional area covers the management techniques that can be applied to TDL management

• Using the same principle from the Methodology slide that a TDL (Link 16) can be viewed as an information system and standard commercial practices and processes applied

• Two examples will be given, covered again only as an overview• PRINCE• Systems engineering models for acquisition


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PRINCE as Applicable to TDL Management

• NOT a lesson in PRINCE• PRINCE is a general purpose project

management method that can be utilised for management of any type or size of project.

• It is compatible with BS 6079-1 and is supported by the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) and the Association of Project Managers (APM).

• Day-to-day system management• Programme Executive – JTDLA

• Programme Manager• Capability Manager• Design Authority


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Design Authority

• This role is that of a senior engineer and, as such, the key activities are to:

• Develop and maintain the MIDS / Link 16 System design, including:• Establish the System design.• Ensure that the System design is suitable for in-

service operation.• Maintain the integrity of the System design

throughout the engineering life-cycle.• Ensure consistency of system products and sub-

systems (e.g. platform JTIDS / MIDS systems) with the design.

• Preparation, maintenance, and custody of specifications, drawings, and other data associated with the design of the system.


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Design Authority

• Provide technical support to systems engineering management processes.

• Establish a Design Authority infrastructure, including:

• Inclusive representation of stakeholders involved in all life-cycle processes.

• Mechanisms for reporting and discussing issues, both internal and external to the Interoperability Directorate.

• Conduct regular System Design Reviews (SDRs). These take a system-of-systems view and ensure that a coherent perspective is maintained as the system-of-system evolves.


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Common SE Models

• Waterfall ModelSystem

Definition

Analysis

Design

Fabrication

Testing

Maintenance


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Common SE Models

• Prototyping

QuickDesign

Engineer ProductRequirements Gathering

Refine Requirements

Customer Evaluation

Build Prototype


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Common SE Models

• Spiral

• JDN Backbone – DSDM (UK)

Plan

Act(Engineering)

Assess(Customer Evaluation)

Toward a Completed

System

Initial requirements gathering and

project planning

Planning based on customer comments

Customer Evaluation Third

Capability

Second Capability

Initial Capability

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