SHANTILAL SHAH SHANTILAL SHAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BHAVNAGARBHAVNAGAR

B.E. Sem 1B.E. Sem 1

INSTRUMENTATION AND INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERINGCONTROL ENGINEERING

ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

INTRODUCTION OF ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION OF ELEMENTARY CONCEPTS AND FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND FUNDAMENTAL LAWS RELATED TO ELECTROSTATICSLAWS RELATED TO ELECTROSTATICS

Made by :Made by :3007. JITIN. J. PILLAI (140430117019)3007. JITIN. J. PILLAI (140430117019)3006. PRATIK SHAH (140430117049)3006. PRATIK SHAH (140430117049)3009. TRAPASIYA HIREN A. (140430117055)3009. TRAPASIYA HIREN A. (140430117055)

GROUP 2 GROUP 2

BATCH B1BATCH B1

B.E. SEMESTER 1 (I.C.)B.E. SEMESTER 1 (I.C.)

ELECTRIC CHARGEELECTRIC CHARGEElectric charge is the property of an object to attract or repel other objects. It can also be defined as the deficiency or excess of electrons in a body.

PROPERTIES OF CHARGESPROPERTIES OF CHARGES1.1.There exists only two types of charges, namely positive and negative.There exists only two types of charges, namely positive and negative.2.2.Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other.Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other.3.3.Charge is a scalar quantity.Charge is a scalar quantity.4.4.Charge is additive in nature. eg. +2 C + 5 C – 3 C = +4 CCharge is additive in nature. eg. +2 C + 5 C – 3 C = +4 C5.5.Charge is quantized.Charge is quantized.

i.e. Electric charge exists in discrete packets rather than in continuous amount. It can be expressed in integral multiples fundamental electronic charge. (e = 1.6 x 10-19 C) q = ± ne where n = 1, 2, 3, …………

6. Charge is conserved.6. Charge is conserved.i.e. The algebraic sum of positive and negative charges in an isolatedsystem remains constant.eg. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, negative charge appears on the silkand an equal amount of positive charge appear on the glass rod. The netcharge on the glass-silk system remains zero before and after rubbing.It does not change with velocity also.

LAWS OF ELECTROSTATICS (COULOMB’S LAW)LAWS OF ELECTROSTATICS (COULOMB’S LAW)The electrostatic force of interaction (attraction or repulsion) between two point electric charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges, inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them and acts along the line joining the two charges.

Strictly speaking, Coulomb’s law applies to stationary point charges.

ELECTRIC FIELDELECTRIC FIELDElectric field is a region of space around a charge or a system of charges within which other charged particles experience electrostatic forces.

Theoretically, electric field extends upto infinity but practically it is limited to acertain distance.

ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITYELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITYElectric field strength at a point in an electric field is the electrostatic force per unit positive charge acting on a vanishingly small positive test charge placed at that point.

The test charge is considered to be vanishingly small because its presence should not alter the configuration of the charge(s) and thus the electric field which is intended to be measured.

ELECTRIC LINES OF FORCEELECTRIC LINES OF FORCE

An electric line of force is an imaginary straight or curved path along which aunit positive charge is supposed to move when free to do so in an electricfield.

Electric lines of force do not physically exist but they represent real situations.

ELECTRIC FLUXELECTRIC FLUXElectric flux is defined as the total number of electric field lines passing through unit area of a surface held perpendicular to the field lines.

ELECTRIC FLUX DENSITYELECTRIC FLUX DENSITY

The electric flux density at any point in a medium is defined as the electric flux passing through unit area at right angle to the direction of electric field.

GAUSS’S LAWGAUSS’S LAWThe surface integral of the electric field intensity over any closed hypothetical surface (called Gaussian surface) in free space is equal to 1 / ε0 times the net charge enclosed within the surface.

APPLICATIONS OF GAUSS’S THEOREMAPPLICATIONS OF GAUSS’S THEOREM

To find1.Electric Field Intensity due to an Infinitely Long Straight Charged Wire.2.Electric Field Intensity due to an Infinitely Long, Thin Plane Sheet of Charge.3.Electric Field Intensity due to Two Parallel, Infinitely Long, Thin Plane Sheet of Charge.4.Electric Field Intensity due to a Uniformed Charged This Spherical Shell.

DEDUCTION OF COULOMB’S LAW FROM GAUSS’S LAWDEDUCTION OF COULOMB’S LAW FROM GAUSS’S LAW

ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCEELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE

The measure of the ability of a conductor to store charges is known as Capacitance.

Capacitance of a conductor is defined as the charge required to raise its potential through one unit.

SI Unit of capacitance is ‘farad’ (F). Symbol of capacitance:

Capacitance is said to be 1 farad when 1 coulomb of charge raises the potential of conductor by 1 volt.

PRINCIPLE OF CAPACITANCEPRINCIPLE OF CAPACITANCE

CAPACITORS IN SERIESCAPACITORS IN SERIES

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