PRESENTED BY-

CHARU PUNDIR

(09270300011)

B.PHARM

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,

S.B.S.P.G.I, BALAWALA DEHRADUN

04/15/2023 2

NERVOUS SYSTEM NEURONS CELL BODIES AXONS AND DENDRITES NERVE IMPULSE TYPES OF NERVES- SENSORY , MOTOR

AND MIXED SYNAPSE NEUROTRANSMITTERS

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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

BRAIN CELLS- ASTROCYTES, OLIGODENDROCYTES, MICROGLIA AND EPENDYMAL CELLS.

MENINGES- DURA MATER, PIA MATER AND ARACHNOID MATER.

VENRICLES OF BRAIN- RIGHT AND LEFT VENRICLE, THIRD VENTRICLE AND FOURTH VENTRICLE.

CSF- WATER, MINERAL SALTS, GLUCOSE, PLASMA PROEINS, CREATININE,

UREA AND A FEW LEUCOCYTES.

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BRAIN CEREBRUM- LOBES (FRONTAL, PARIETAL,

TEMPORAL AND OCCIPITAL), BASAL GANGLIA, THALAMUS, HYPOTHALAMUS.

MIDBRAIN PONS MEDULLA OBLONGATA THE BRAIN

STEM CEREBELLUM

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SPINAL CORD

SPINAL NERVES- CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR, SACRAL AND COCCYGEAL

GREY MATER WHITE MATER

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PNS 31 PAIRS OF SPINAL NERVES 12 PAIRS OF CRANIAL NERVES THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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ANS SYMPATHETIC PARASYMPATHETIC

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INVESTIGATIONS IN CNS VERTICULOGRAPHY CAT SCAN MRI PNEUMOENCEPHALOGRAPHY CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY

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NEURODEGENRATIVE DISORDERS OF BRAIN ALZHEIMER PRION ALS HUNTINGTON PARKINSON

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REASONS OF NEURONAL DEATH OXIDATIVE STRESS EXCITOTOXICITY PROTEIN MISFOLDING INFECTIOUS ORGANISM GENETICS

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ALZHEIMER PRESENILE

DEMENTIA ARISES SHARPLY

WITH AGE LOSS OF

NEURONS SHORT TERM

MEMORY LOSS COGNITIVE DEFICITS

DEPOSITION OF BETA AMYLOID PLAQUES

NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES- TAU PHOSPHORYLATION

SECRETASES CAUSES APP CLEAVAGE INTO AB40 AND AB42 CAUSING AMYLOID FORMATION

DECREASE ACH LEVELS

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TREATMENT CHOLINERGICS ANTIOXIDANTS NSAIDS STATINS HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY DIET MODIFICATION

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DRUGS LADOSTIGIL DIMEBOLIN GINKO BILOBA SIMVASTATIN VALPROATE DHA TACRINE RIVASTIGMINE DONEPAZIL

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HUNTINGTON INHERITED

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT DISORDER

JERKLIKE MOVEMENTS

PARANOIA DELUSIONAL STATES IMPAIRMENT OF

RAPID EYE MOVEMENT

TREATMENT- FLUOXETINE, CARBAMAZEPINE, CLOZAPINE, QUETIAPINE, RESERPINE, VALPROIC ACID

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PRION DISEASE SPONGIFORM

ENCEPHALOPATHY PROPAGATE

THROUGH INFECTIOUS AGENT

FORMATION OF PRION RODS, ALPHA SY NUCLEIN FIBRILLS, PRP AMYLOID PAQUES, AND LEWY BODY

TREATMENT- QUINACRINE, CHLORPROMAZINE

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ALS DISTURBENCE IN

MOTOR NEURON OF VENTRAL HORN OF SPINAL CORD AND CORTICAL NEURON

SPASTICITY MUSCLE WEAKNESS FASCICULATIONS RESPIRATORY

COMPROMISE

TREATMENT- RILUZOLE, BACLOFEN,

TIZANIDINE, CLONAZEPAM

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PARKINSON CHARACTERISED

BY MOVEMENT DISORDERS

TREMOR AT REST MUSCLE RIGIDITY SUPRESSION OF

VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

SHUFFLING GAIT, HYPOKINESIS

ENVIRONMENTAL TREGERS

PROTEIN MISFOLDING AND AGGREGATION

EXCITOTOXICITY OXIDATIVE STRESS APOPTOSIS DEGENERATIVE LESION

IN SN-PC AND DECREASED DOPAMINERGIC INPUT

IMBALANCE BTW DA AND ACH

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TREATMENT MEDICATION- COMT INHIBITORS, MAO

INHIBITORS, DOPAMINERGICS, ANTICHOLINERGICS

ADJUNCT THERAPIES- PHYSIOTHERAPY, OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY, SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPY

SURGICAL TREAMENTS AYURVEDIC APPROACH DIET CELL THERAPY

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DRUGS ENTACAPONE TOLCAPONE LEVODOPA- CARBIDOPA ATMAGUPTA- HERB

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THANKS TO MY SUPERVISOR PROF. DR. VEERMARAM (H.O.D)DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICALSCIENCES,S.B.S.P.G.I,BALAWALADEHRADUN