introduction of taekwondo

8/2/2019 Introduction of Taekwondo

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1.0Introduction of Myself

My name is Chua Wee Chong and I am taking Bachelor of Business

Administration (HONS) Marketing Management in Multimedia University, Melaka.

This is my Gamma year last semester and I join Taekwondo as my co-curriculum

subject. It is my interest to learn some basic of martial art skills and I am proud and

happy after the 8 weeks theory and practical classes.

2.0Introduction of TaekwondoTaekwondo is a modern martial art, characterized by its fast, high and spinning

kicks. The name Taekwondo is derived from the Korean word "Tae" meaning foot,

"Kwon" meaning fist and "Do" meaning way of. Thus, literally Taekwondo means

"the way of the foot and fist". The first word, foot, in the literal translation of this

ancient self-defense sport denotes the use of the foot as the primary fighting style.

The foot is the primary arsenal for the Taekwondo enthusiast and is the primary

weapon for self-defense for kicking. The name Taekwondo, however, has only been

used since 1955 while the arts' roots began 2,300 years ago in Korea. Known as a

martial art and way of life, the evolution of Taekwondo was a direct result of the

happenings in Korea long ago, and knowledge of the history is an important step in

understanding Taekwondo.

2.1 Objective of Taekwondo

The modern Taekwondo is generally by people as a sport and actually it is a

martial art. Here is the objective of Taekwondo:

* Develop an appreciation for Taekwondo as a sport and as an art,


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* Achieve physical fitness through positive participation,

* Improve mental discipline and emotional equanimity,

* Learn self-defense skills,

* Develop a sense of responsibility for one self and others.

3.0 History of Taekwondo

In order to success in any sport or martial art, it is important and crucial to know

about the event taken history and past. Thus, there is no doubt to learn and

understand the history of Taekwondo because it is the basic for us to success in

Taekwondo.

3.1 Early Korea

Korean history began when in 2333 B.C. the legendary national founder, Tangun,

founded "Old Korea" at Asadal. As in the histories of other nations, communal life

was gradually transformed into tribal communities and then tribal leagues and finally

took the form of a state. Although no written history of the fighting systems of this

time remains it is known that the people of this time were hunters and had some

means of protection as well as livelihood.

3.2 The Three Kingdom

During the 6th century A.D. what we now call the Korean peninsula was divided

into three kingdoms; Koguryo, Paekje and Silla.


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Koguryo (37 B.C. - 668 A.D.) was the largest kingdom. It occupied the southern

section of Manchuria and the northern section of the Korean peninsula. Paekje (18

B.C. - 600 A.D.) was situated along the Han River and in southwestern Korea. Silla

(57 B.C. - 936 A.D.) was the last and smallest of the kingdoms and located on the

southeastern tip of the Korean peninsula. Archeological findings during these times

such as the mural paintings on the royal tombs during the Koguryo period, stone

sculptures at pagodas during the Silla period and documents written in the Paekje

period, show techniques and fighting stances that were probably the first forms of

Taekwondo.

Although Taekwondo first appeared in the Koguryo kingdom, it is the Silla's

Hwarang warriors that are credited with the growth and spread of Taekwondo

throughout Korea. Silla was the smallest of the three kingdoms and was always

under attack by Japanese Pirates. Silla got help from King Gwanggaeto and his

soldiers from the Koguryo kingdom to drive out the pirates. During this time a few

select Sillan warriors were given training in Taek Kyon by the early masters from

Koguryo. The Taek Kyon trained warriors then became known as the Hwarang. The


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Hwarang set up a military academy for the sons of royalty in Silla called

Hwarang-do, which means "The way of flowering manhood." The Hwarang studied

Taek Kyon, history, Confucian Philosophy, ethics, Buddhist Morality, and military

tactics. The guiding principles of the Hwarang warriors were loyalty, filial duty,

trustworthiness, valor, and justice. The makeup of the Hwarang-do education was

based on the Five Codes of Human Conduct written by a Buddhist scholar,fundamental education, Taek Kyon and social skills. Taek Kyon was spread

throughout Korea because the Hwarang traveled all around the peninsula to learn

about the other regions and people.

After the end of the Silla dynasty, in 935 was established the new united state of

Koryo (918-1392). The modern name of Korea originates from it. The period of that

dynasty was characterized by the constant wars against the aggressors. Naturally the

martial arts became of great importance and the most popular of them was Subak. Su

means "hand" and bak - "attack", i.e. "hand fight". It is considered that Subak was at

its hight during the time of the ruler Uijong (1147-1170). He organized manymilitary tournaments and he himself was present at many of them. That fact has been

proved by many written documents. On 5 May and 15 August according to the Moon

Calendar were organized the Festivals of O-Dan with contests in Subak. It has to be

mentioned that as the differet dynasties gave different names to their states, so was

the situation with the names of martial arts - in the time of Koryo Taek Kyon was

called Subak as well. But these two styles were very close.

There are two important facts considering the development of the martial arts

during the rule of Chosun dynasty (1392-1910). The first one is that Subak became

more popular among the ordinary people unlike the time of Koryo when it had been a

privilege for the military men only. The other significant event was the Martial Art

Treatise "Muye Dobo Tongji" written by Li Dok Moo in 1790 on the order of king

Chongjo. Te Kion, Subak and Sirum - the initial forms of Taekwondo, were the basic

theme of that work. The third king of I dynasty (1401-1408) ordered to be found the

masters of Taek Kyon, Subak and Sirum (Korean wrestling) and they to train the

soldiers of the Korean army. In 1592 Japan occupied Korea. Followed the 7 years

war against the aggressors during which Taek Kyon fighters had rended great

services. But when the period of Li dynasty (1832-1910) came the martial arts were

forbidden and their masters were persecuted. Their practising was illegal butcontinued in secret.


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3.3 The Birth of Modern Taekwondo

Grandmaster General Choi Hong Hi (1918-2002), founder of Taekwondo

The history of Taekwondo is closely linked with the personal history of the

acknowledged father of modern Taekwondo, and founder and president of

the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF), General Choi Hong Hi. It is because

of his tireless effort and unflagging dedication that Taekwondo has the international

status that it knows receives. A great contribution for the development of the modern

Taekwondo has General Choi Hong Hi. He was born on 9 November 1918. As a

child Choi was a weak and delicate boy. He began studying calligraphy. His teacher

Han Il Dong noticed the bad health of his young student and started training him in

Taek Kyon as well. Then Choi studied in Japan where he attained the rank of 2nd

degree black belt in Karate. After the end of the Second World War he came back to

his liberated country. There he joined the army of the new Republic of Korea. As a

company commander he trained his soldiers in a fighting system combining the

techniques of Karate hand hits with Taek Kyon kicks. In those days there were many

different martial schools with great masters. Choi Hong Hi worked hardly on his

mastery perfection and organized his own school. On 11 April 1955 a special board

of the new Korean martial art summoned by General Choi decided on the name ofTaekwondo which had been submitted by him. Some of the other masters joined

their schools to the newly formed structure. It is unknown how many of the schools

of that time went on their own way. In 1959 the Korean Taekwondo Association was

founded with Choi Hong Hi as a vice-president. On the next year he was elected for

president. That was the time when Taekwodo was introduced to the world. Each year

a demo-team led by Choi Hong Hi performed spectacular demonstrations. They won

more and more people for the great idea of Taekwondo.
http://www.itf-taekwondo.com/http://www.itf-taekwondo.com/sub01a.htmhttp://www.itf-taekwondo.com/sub01a.htmhttp://www.itf-taekwondo.com/


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4.0Taekwondo Organization

4.1 International Taekwondo Federation

International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) is a Taekwondo organization founded

on March 22, 1966, by General Choi Hong Hi in Seoul, South Korea. The ITF exists

to promote and encourage the growth of the Korean martial art ofTaekwondo.

Since South Korean Government abandoned ITF, it established World Taekwondo

Federation to continue the mission of Taekwondo globalization. Once General Choi

Hong Hi was exiled out of South Korea, he returned to North Korea and introduced

the organization which settled there. After the death ofGeneral Choi Hong Hi, 3

different masters claimed to be his successor. The first of the three is Chang

Ung who claimed to have been appointed as the President by General Choi Hong

Hi at his deathbed on September of 2002, who is also an IOC member from NorthKorea. General Choi Hong Hi's son, Choi Jung Hwaalso established an association

headquartered in Canada claiming that he is the true successor of his

father.[7]Then, Tran Trieu Quan with his organization saying that "I do not like

Taekwondo with only Koreans involved". ITF's main functions are to coordinate and

approve tournaments and seminars, set standards for teaching (patterns, sparring, and

destruction), collaborate with affiliated member organizations, and service members

in regards to rank and certifications.

The International Taekwondo Federation's sparring rules are similar to theWTF's rules, but differ in several aspects.

Hand attacks to the head are allowed The scoring system is:

1 Point for: Punches to the head or body. 2 Points for: Kicks to the body. 3 Points for: Kicks to the head.

The competition area may vary between 9x9 meters or 8x8 meters ininternational championships.

Competitors do not wear the hogu (although they are required to wear approved

foot and hand protection equipment).A continuous point system is utilized in ITF

competition, where the fighters are allowed to continue after scoring a technique.

Full-force blows are allowed, and knockouts result in a victory; although these rules

vary between ITF organisations. At the end of two minutes (or some other specified

time) the competitor with more scoring techniques wins. ITF competitions also
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feature performances of patterns, breaking, and special techniques (where

competitors perform prescribed board breaks at great heights).

4.2 World Taekwondo Federation

The World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) is the International Federation (IF)

member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for the competition events of

the martial art oftaekwondo. International Federations (IFs) are international

non-governmental organisations recognised by the IOC as administering one or more

sports at world level. The WTF was established in South Korea on May 28, 1973, at

its inaugural meeting held at the Kukkiwon with participation of 35 representatives

from the world. The current president is Chungwon Choue, who was elected for a

four-year term in 2005. The WTF which only governs the function of Taekwondocompetitions and related support services , should not be confused with the World

Taekwondo Headquarters, also known as Kukkiwon, which is a center of learning

and research of taekwondo located inYuksam Dong, a different part of Seoul. Former

WTF president Kim Un-Yong successfully lobbied to include taekwondo sparring

competition as a demonstration sport in the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics, and

official Full Medal Olympic sport beginning in 2000. According to the WTF,

"Taekwondo is one of the most systematic and scientific Korean traditional martial

arts, that teaches more than physical fighting skills. It is a discipline that shows waysof enhancing our spirit and life through training our body and mind. Today, it has

become a global sport that has gained an international reputation, and stands among

the official games in the Olympics.

The organizational structure of the WTF has diversified at various times over its

more than 30 year history to incorporate the various changes, affiliations and

associations over these years of growth. As of 2007 the organization is headed up by

a General Assembly made up from members of the 182 member National

Associations from the five world regions it represents. This in turn consists of a WTFCouncil composed of an Executive Committee and various sub committees. The

Executive Committee comprises a president, secretariat, and an Advisory Council.

The sub committees are made up of various departments within the organization,

including a technical committee and representative committees of games, women's,

legislative, financial, medical, and athletic and PR areas.
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The WTF has often been seen as a world sports federation since its founding in

1973 and later membership in the GASIF and the selection of the International

Federation, or IF of Taekwondo under the IOC. The WTF was presided over by

former I.O.C Vice President Un Yong Kim, from its inception in 1973 until 2004.

Kim, was also the president of the Korea Taekwondo Association, Kukkiwon, the

Korea Sports Association and President of the GASIF, the main pillar of the Olympic

movement. The Current President of the WTF is Chung Won Chou.

4.3 Global Taekwondo Federation

Global Taekwondo Federation will start by introduction of the founder Grand

Master Park Jung Tae (1944-2002)

.

In 1943, in Kwany-Ju city, South Korea, a visionary was born, a man fated to

change the lives of hundreds of thousands of people all over the worked. His destiny,

presence and mission were to be one with the indomitable spirit. he was Grand

Master Park Jung Tae.

Throughout his life Grand Master Park traveled extensively, acting as an

ambassador of Taekwondo, sacrificing his personal life to dedicate his time and

efforts to its promotion and development. His wife, whom he met when he came to

Canada in the early 1970's, stood by his side throughout the past 32 years and the

strength of their relationship was a key factor in overcoming cultural differences on a

personal level as well as a professional one. Grand Master Park's life has been filled

with wonderful experiences meeting people from all walks of life and his unique


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style broke down bafflers of race, language and religion, and instilled unity and

respect in the hearts and minds of all he taught. Today, in many countries he is

referred to as "The Peoples Grand Master".

Grand Master Park was known as the technical perfectionist of Taekwondo and

he was sought after to share his knowledge and expertise. During the Vietnam War,

he was sent to Vietnam for two years as an army combat Instructor training the

Korean, Vietnamese and American soldiers. When he returned to Korea, he became

heavily involved in the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF). He was the

Secretary General and the Technical Committee Chairman of the ITF for many years.

Grand Master Park was directly responsible for the expansion of Taekwondo in many

countries and he was the pioneer Instructor in China, Russia, Czechoslovakia,

Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, North Korea and Japan. In 1989, cue to political unrest

within the IFT, he left that organization and in 1990 founded the Global

TaeKwon-Do Federation (GTF) with the support of many Taekwondo Masters and

Instructors from around the globe. This non-political Federation was created with the

purpose of uniting all Taekwondo organizations worldwide and to bring peace and

harmony to the world.

The GTF is at the forefront of Taekwondo expansion, taking a new path of

spiritual philosophy and development, creating a much needed new dimension of

enhanced modern Taekwondo. Grand Master Park has brought many Instructors tothe level of Grand Master and Master within the GTF and these are the people who

will continue to demonstrate and promote around the world. Our Instructors are of

the highest caliber and Grand Master park was very proud of the high standards of

our Federation. He always said that we should not think about winning or losing, but

to appreciate the opportunity to exchange techniques and make lasting friendships.

We have been very fortunate to have had such a great leaser as Grand Master Park

who taught us us the true meaning of love, respect and integrity. We are truly

fortunate to belong to this global family called the Global Taekwondo Federation.

Grand Master Park opened up the heart of the GTF and the members joined in.

That is where the source of GTF power comes from and that is why we are an

inseparable force. His personal power, his smile and his gentle humbleness has

touched everyone he met. Grand Master Park was a true martial artist who followed

the tenets of Taekwondo until the day he died.


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On April 11, 2002 the Taekwondo community was shocked when Grand Master

Park Jung Tae, 9th Degree Black Belt, Foudner & President of the Global

Taekwondo Federation passed away. The death of Grand Master Park has ignited a

new commitment within the GTF organization. The groundwork has been laid and

the future of the GTF shines bright wit the visions of Grand Master Park as our guide.

away.

The death of Grand Master Park has ignited a new commitment within the GTF

organization. The groundwork has been laid and the future of the GTF shines bright

with the visions of Grand Master Park as our guide.

The Global Taekwondo Federation was organized under the leadership of the

famous Taekwondo Grand Master, Park Jung Tae, and Ninth Degree Black Belt. The

name "Park Jung Tae" is no newcomer to the world of martial arts. For years, he has

been instrumental in the promotion and development of Taekwondo and his name is

synonymous with technical perfection. As a result, Grand Master Park is ranked as

the leading technical trainer of Taekwondo in the world today. Due to his dedication

and devotion to the Art of Taekwondo and his personal sacrifice to promote

Taekwondo world-wide, he is recognized as a man of honour and a teacher who

possesses the true spirit of Taekwondo Grand Master Park has become a legend in

Taekwondo circles and is sought after throughout the world to conduct seminars and

training courses.

Since its inception, the Global Taekwondo Federation has emerged as the

ultimate non-political martial arts organization in the world, and is proud to be free

of any political pressures. In a short period of time, the rapid growth of the G.T.F. as

an international organization has been astronomical, boasting strong affiliates on

every continent. This Federation inspires people. People feel confident that when

they join a G.T.F. affiliated school, they are getting quality training from a highly

skilled instructor. Belonging to the right organization can mean the differencebetween being good and being great.

Over the past few years, the G.T.F. has attracted members from around the globe.

The first attraction is of course, the expertise of Grand Master Park Jung Tae who, by

virtue of his attention to detail and ability to communicate to all nationalities

regardless of language, has become known in many countries as the "Peoples

Master". Grand Master Park really cares about his members and about preserving


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traditional Taekwondo. Our membership consists of people from all nations and all

walks of life, but we all have one common bond: The Global Taekwondo Federation.

There is a second attraction and that is the attitude of the G.T.F. members. People

who join a G.T.F. school soon realize that they have become part of an international

family, an extended family, which is caring, supportive and genuinely interested in

training in the traditional Art of Taekwondo. Anyone can learn self-defense, but to

truly derive all the benefits of Taekwondo training, one must be prepared to learn the

history of this Art, understand the philosophy of the oriental culture as well as the

definition of the patterns and the purpose of the movements. Grand Master Park's

easy to learn methods of teaching encourage practitioners at all levels of training,

resulting in their quick development of special technical skills, which are much

needed in the 1990's.

The immediate goal of the Global Taekwondo Federation is to achieve

excellence in all aspects of its organization and to provide a happy training

environment for all its members. G.T.F. practitioners will be recognized for their

superior knowledge and technical skills and will be proud to be part of this

Federation. Every step of the way, a G.T.F. member is tested throughout his/her

training. Not only do Masters and Instructors undergo intensive training personally

conducted by Grand Master Park Jung Tae, but seminars are given on a regular basis

in different centres around the world, to keep them technically up-to-date and

informed on G.T.F. developments. These Masters and Instructors work diligently toprovide excellent leadership in the true spirit of Taekwondo and take the initiative to

ensure their students are learning the proper techniques. These are important

considerations to take into account when one is thinking of joining a martial arts

school.

The long term goal of the G.T.F. is to resolve the differences between all the

Taekwondo organizations and bring about the true identity of Taekwondo under one

umbrella; thus, uniting all Taekwondo practitioners around the world. Through the

Global Taekwondo Federation, this can be done.

5.0 Practice of Ethics and Values of Taekwondo

Ethic is the basic concepts and fundamental principles right human conduct. It

includes study of universal value such as the essential equality of all men and women,

human or natural rights, and obedience to the law of land, concern for health and


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safety and also for natural environment. There are certain constraints imposed on the

individuals actions and behavior for him to be considered good, honest or right.

The coach is often trusted and respected by his athletes. His behavior and actions

have a very strong influence on their young minds. He needs to provide guidelines

for them to practice and to enforce them. He should not only teach in theory buy in

practice through his own examples. The science of being and art of living

emphasizes the importance of ethics when it quotes:

It is cruel and greatly damaging to the interest of society not to guide and share

the thought and behavior of the younger generation through a combination of love

and discipline.

5.1 The Tenets of Taekwondo

5.1.1 COURTESY (Ye Ui)

It can be said that courtesy is an unwritten regulation prescribed by ancient

teachers of philosophy as a means to enlighten human beings while maintaining a

harmonious society. It can be further be as an ultimate criterion required of a mortal.

Taekwondo students should attempt to practice the following elements of courtesy to

build up their noble character and to conduct the training in an orderly manner as

well.

1) To promote the spirit of mutual concessions

2) To be ashamed of one's vices, contempting those of others

3) To be polite to one another

4) To encourage the sense of justice and humanity

5) To distinguish instructor from student, senior from junior, and elder from younger

6) To behave oneself according to etiquette

7) To respect others' possessions

8) To handle matters with fairness and sincerity

9) To refrain from giving or accepting a gift when in doubt

5.1.2 INTEGRITY (Yom Chi)

In Taekwondo, the word integrity assumes a looser definition than the one

usually presented in Webster's dictionary. One must be able to define right and

wrong and have a conscience, if wrong, to feel guilt. Listed are some examples


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where integrity is lacking:

1) The instructor who misrepresents himself and his art by presenting improper

techniques to his students because of a lack of knowledge or apathy.

2) The student who misrepresents himself by "fixing" breaking materials before

demonstrations.

3) The instructor who camouflages bad technique with luxurious training halls andfalse flattery to his students.

4) The student who requests ranks from an instructor, or attempts to purchase it.

5) The student who gains rank for ego purposes or the feeling of power.

6) The instructor who teaches and promotes his art for materialistic gains.

7) The students whose actions do not live up to his words.

8) The student who feels ashamed to seek opinions from his juniors.

5.1.3 PERSEVERANCE (In Nae)

There is an old Oriental saying, "Patience leads to virtue or merit, One can make

a peaceful home by being patient for 100 times." Certainly happiness and prosperity

are most likely brought to the patient person. To achieve something, whether it is a

higher degree or the perfection or a technique, one must set his goal, and then

constantly persevere. Robert Bruce learned his lesson of perseverance from the

persistent efforts of a lowly spider. It was this perseverance and tenacity that finally

enabled him to free Scotland in the fourteenth century. One of the most important

secrets in becoming a leader of Taekwondo is to overcome every difficulty by

perseverance. Confucius said, "One who is impatient in trivial matters can seldom

achieve success in matters of great importance."

5.1.4 SELF CONTROL (Guk Gi)

This tenet is extremely important inside and outside the dojang, whether

conducting oneself in free sparring or in one's personal affairs. A loss of self-control

in free sparring can prove disastrous to both student and opponent. An inability to

live and work within one's capability or sphere is also a lack of self-control.

According to Lao-Tzu "the term of stronger is the person who wins over oneself

rather than someone else."

5.1.5 INDOMITABLE SPIRIT (Baekjool Boolgool)

"Here lie 300, who did their duty," a simple epitaph for one of the greatest acts

of courage known to mankind. Although facing the superior forces of Xerxes,

Leonidas and his 300 Spartans at Thermoplylae showed the world the meaning of


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indomitable spirit. It is shown when a courageous person and his principles are pitted

against overwhelming odds.

A serious student of Taekwondo will at all times be modest and honest. If confronted

with injustice, he will deal with the belligerent without any fear or hesitation at all,

with indomitable spirit, regardless of whosoever and however much the number maybe.

Confucius declared," It is an act of cowardice to fail to speak out against injustice."

As history has proven, those who have pursued their dreams earnestly and

strenuously with indomitable spirit have never failed to achieve their goals.

5.2 Values inculcated to students in Taekwondo

a. Good Heartedness

b. Independent

c. Good Conduct

d. Respect

e. To Love

f. Fairness

g. Freedom

h. Bravery

i. Mental and physical Purity

j. Truthfulness

k. Hardworking

l. Cooperativeness

m. Thankfulness

n. Rationality

6.0 Competition


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6.1 Standing procedure for Taekwondo competition of the Olympic Games

6.1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this Standing Procedure is to manage fairly and smoothly all

matters pertaining to Taekwondo competition of the Olympic Games on the basics of

the WTF Competition Rules.

6.1.2 Competition Area

The Competition Area for the Olympic Games shall be installed on a platform

1m high from the base, and the outer part of the Boundary Line shall be over 2m

wide, being inclined with a gradient of less than 30 degrees from point of over 2m

from the Boundary Line, for the safety of the contestants.

6.1.3 Weight Divisions

Weight divisions of the Olympic Games are divided as follow.

Male division Female division

Under 58kg Not exceeding 58kg Under 49kg Not exceeding 49kg

Under 68kgOver 58kg& not

exceeding 68kg

Under 57kgOver 49kg& not

exceeding 57kg

Under 80kgOver 68kg & not

exceeding 80kgUnder 67kg

Over 57kg& not

exceeding 67kg

Over 80kg Over 80kg Over 67kg Over 67kg

6.2 Head of Team Meeting and Drawing Lots

Head of team meeting and drawing lots shall be conducted under control of the

Technical Delegate of the WTF jointly with the Olympic Organizing Committee

within 3 days prior to the first competition. Drawing lots may be conducted before

the head of tea meeting in consideration of the TV relay, etc. as the case may be.

6.3 Competition Method

Taekwondo competition of the Olympic Games shall be conducted in a single


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elimination tournament systems with double repechage for the 3rd place. The double

repechange shall be conducted among all losers of the contestants on the final match.

In case of a tie score in a final match for the champion, the 4th round of three

minutes will be conducted with the sudden death overtime system. Any points,

Gam-jeom, Kyong-go or superiority of the last three rounds shall not be calculated in

the 4th round. When a contestant receives one time of Gam-jeom in the 4th round,the opponent shall be declared as the winner. In the event of still tie score by no point,

the winner shall be decide by the Referee on the superiority of the 4th round in

accordance with the criteria of superiority prescribed in Article 15 of the WTF

Competition Rules.

6.4 Protest

In the event that there is an objection to a judgment, the coach or manager of the

pertinent team may submit a protest application to the Arbitration Board together

with the fee of US$300 within 10 minutes after the pertinent match. The ArbitrationBoard shall deliver its finding on the deliberation

6.5 Test Event

Test event will be held for the specific purpose of inspection over the facilities,

technical and organizational matters for the Taekwondo competition of the Olympic

games. In principle, those countries that have been qualified for participation in

Taekwondo competition of the Olympic games can take part on the Test Event;

however, the WTF may select the participating countries as the case may be.

6.6 Criteria for Quota Allocation for the Olympic Games

Taekwondo Qualification Tournament and Regional Taekwondo Qualification

Tournament will be conducted for quota allocation of the participating contestants

for the Olympic games, the total number of which will be agreed between the IOC

and the WTF. A country may enter maximum 2 males and 2 females with one

contestant per weight category for the Sydney Olympic Games. All weight categorieswill be allocated to the host country of the Olympic games. The number of

invitations (wildcards) shall be agreed between the IOC and the WTF, and 4 male for

4 weight categories will be allocated IOC/ANOC/WTF Tripartite Commission for

the Sydney Olympic Games. The qualified weight categories at the Taekwondo

Qualification Tournament and the Regional Taekwondo Qualification Tournament

are attributed th the pertinent national Taekwondo Association in those categories of

the Olympic Games, not necessarily to the contestants who have participated in the

Tournaments.


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6.7 Taekwondo Qualification Tournament

A national Association may participate in maximum 2 male and 2 female

weight categories to be qualified for participation in the Sydney Olympic Games At

the Taekwondo Qualification Tournament,4 male and 4 female contestants ranking1st, 2nd 3rd(2) in each weight category will be selected for the Olympic Games. 5th

and 6th places in each weight category will be selected as the substitute contestants

for the case of any disqualified contestants out of four winners in each weight

category due to a breach of the Doping Regulation Certificates of the weight

categories qualified for the Olympic Games will be issued to the pertinent national

Associations, and certificates of substitute of each weight category will be given to

the pertinent 5th and 6th countries.

6.8 Regional Taekwondo Qualification Tournament

Each of 4 Regional Taekwondo Unions of Asia, Europe, Pan America and

Africa shall conduct the Regional Taekwondo Qualification Tournament, and the

quota for each region will be allocated by the WTF. The distribution of the regional

quota for the Sydney Olympic Games is based on the number of member countries

belonging to each Regional Taekwondo Union. For Asian, European and Pan

American regions, 2 contestants ranking 1st to 2nd on each male and female weight

category will be qualified for the Sydney Olympic Games, totaling 8 males and 8

females per region, and 1 female in each weight category will be qualified, totaling 4

male 4 female for African region. One substitute contest in each weight category-3rd

place by weight category for Asia, Europe and Pan America, 2nd place for Africa-

will be selected for the case of any disqualified contestants as result of doping

test. A national Association may participate in maximum 2 males and 2 females

with one contestant per weight category other than weight categories already

qualified at the Taekwondo Qualification Tournament, however, the number of

already qualified contestants shall be taken from the maximum quota of w males and

2 females for participation in Regional Taekwondo Qualification Tournament.

6.9 Doping Test

The IOC Doping Regulations will be applied to Taekwondo competition of the

Olympic Games, and the doping test will be taken to Taekwondo Qualification

Tournament and Regional Taekwondo Qualification Tournament in accordance with

the WTF Regulations for Doping Control.The medal doping test at Taekwondo

Qualification Tournament will be carried out to all the 4 winner ranking 1st to 3rd of

each weight category, and any winner who proves to have committed a breach of the

WTF Regulations for Doping Control shall be removed from the final standing with


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deprival of qualification, and the substitute contestant from 5th in order will be

replaced. In case of Regional Taekwondo Qualification Tournament in Asia, Europe

and Pan America, the doping test will be taken to the 2winners ranking 1st to 2nd of

each weight category, while 1st winner only of each weight category in case of

Africa. The qualification of any winner who proves to have committed a breach of

the WTF Regulations for Doping Control shall be deprived, and the substitutecontestant from 3rd in order in case of Asia, Europe and Pan America will be

replaced. In the same case of Africa, 2nd winner will be substituted. The substitute

constants of Taedwondo Qualification Tournament may participate in case in the

same weight category at Regional Taekwondo Qualification tournament in case that

the results on the doping test will not com out till then. When the analysis results turn

out to be positive against the WTF regulations for Doping Control, the contestant

(5th first) will be substituted. In the case that the substituted contestant has been also

qualified at the Regional Tournament shall be transferred to the contestant next in

line in the competition standings.

6.10 Fill-Up Quota Procedure

If a national Association qualified through the Taekwondo Qualification

Tournament relinquishes a qualification slot at the Olympic Games, the WTF shall

exercise its own discretion to relocate the place on the basis of IOC/ANOC/WTF

Tripartite Commission Invitation System. If a national Association qualified through

a Regional Taekwondo Qualification Tournament relinquishes a qualification slot at

the Olympic Games, the place shall be allocated to the national Association next in

line in the Tournament. In the case of unavailability to allocate to the national

Association next in line as prescribed in above 10.2, the WTF shall exercise its

authority to allocate the place. Those national Associations qualified for participation

in the Olympic Games shall take necessary measures through the pertinent National

Olympic Committees so that the entry of the qualified weight category can be

submitted to the Olympic Organizing Committee. Those matters not prescribed in

this bye-law will be dealt with in accordance with the WTF Rules and Regulations,

Competition Rules, Rules on Organization and Operation of International

Taekwondo Championships and a resolution of the WTF Executive Council, when

necessary.


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7.0 Sport Science

7.1 Energy Pathways

The body cannot easily store ATP (and what is stored gets used up within a few

seconds), it is necessary to continually create ATP during exercise. In general, the

two major ways the body converts nutrients to energy are:

Aerobic metabolism (with oxygen) Anaerobic metabolism (without oxygen)These two pathways can be further divided. Most often it's a combination of energy

systems that supply the fuel needed for exercise, with the intensity and duration ofthe exercise determining which method gets used when.

7.1.2 ATP-CP Anaerobic Energy Pathway

The ATP-CP energy pathway (sometimes called the phosphate system) supplies

about 10 seconds worth of energy and is used for short bursts of exercise such as a

100 meter sprint. This pathway doesn't require any oxygen to create ATP. It first uses

up any ATP stored in the muscle (about 2-3 seconds worth) and then it uses creatine

phosphate (CP) to resynthesize ATP until the CP runs out (another 6-8 seconds).

After the ATP and CP are used the body will move on to either aerobic or anaerobicmetabolism (glycolysis) to continue to create ATP to fuel exercise.

7.1.3 Anaerobic Metabolism - Glycolysis

The anaerobic energy pathway, or glycolysis, creates ATP exclusively from

carbohydrates, with lactic acid being a by-product. Anaerobic glycolysis provides

energy by the (partial) breakdown of glucose without the need for oxygen. Anaerobic

metabolism produces energy for short, high-intensity bursts of activity lasting no
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more than several minutes before the lactic acid build-up reaches a threshold known

as the lactate threshold and muscle pain, burning and fatigue make it difficult to

maintain such intensity.

7.1.4 Aerobic Metabolism

Aerobic metabolism fuels most of the energy needed for long duration activity. It

uses oxygen to convert nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and protein) to ATP. This

system is a bit slower than the anaerobic systems because it relies on the circulatory

system to transport oxygen to the working muscles before it creates ATP. Aerobic

metabolism is used primarily during endurance exercise, which is generally less

intense and can continue for long periods of time.

During exercise an athlete will move through these metabolic pathways. As

exercise begins, ATP is produced via anaerobic metabolism. With an increase in

breathing and heart rate, there is more oxygen available and aerobic metabolism

begins and continues until the lactate threshold is reached. If this level is surpassed,

the body cannot deliver oxygen quickly enough to generate ATP and anaerobic

metabolism kicks in again. Since this system is short-lived and lactic acid levels rise,

the intensity cannot be sustained and the athlete will need to decrease intensity to

remove lactic acid build-up.

7.1.5 Fueling the Energy Systems

Nutrients get converted to ATP based upon the intensity and duration of activity,

with carbohydrate as the main nutrient fueling exercise of a moderate to high

intensity, and fat providing energy during exercise that occurs at a lower intensity.

Fat is a great fuel for endurance events, but it is simply not adequate for high

intensity exercise such as sprints or intervals. If exercising at a low intensity (or

below 50 percent of max heart rate), you have enough stored fat to fuel activity for

hours or even days as long as there is sufficient oxygen to allow fat metabolism to

occur.

As exercise intensity increases, carbohydrate metabolism takes over. It is more

efficient than fat metabolism, but has limited energy stores. This stored carbohydrate

(glycogen) can fuel about 2 hours of moderate to high level exercise. After that,

glycogen depletion occurs (stored carbohydrates are used up) and if that fuel isn't

replaced athletes may hit the wall or "bonk." An athlete can continue moderate to

high intensity exercise for longer simply replenishing carbohydrate stores during

exercise. This is why it is critical to eat easily digestible carbohydrates during

moderate exercise that lasts more than a few hours. If you don't take in enough


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carbohydrates, you will be forced to reduce your intensity and tap back into fat

metabolism to fuel activity. As exercise intensity increases, carbohydrate metabolism

efficiency drops off dramatically and anaerobic metabolism takes over. This is

because your body can not take in and distribute oxygen quickly enough to use either

fat or carbohydrate metabolism easily. In fact, carbohydrates can produce nearly 20

times more energy (in the form of ATP) per gram when metabolized in the presenceof adequate oxygen than when generated in the oxygen-starved, anaerobic

environment that occurs during intense efforts (sprinting).With appropriate training

these energy systems adapt and become more efficient and allow greater exercise

duration at higher intensity.

8.0 Grading System and Meaning of Belt

8.1 Grading System (WTF Grading)

Each grading starts with a warm-up, basic punching and kicking technique drills.

It then moves onto patterns specific for each grade. The higher the grade, the more

patterns/forms that the student will have to display. The grading also includes free

style sparring and set one step sparring. These exercises allow the student to

demonstrate a variety of techniques that are executed with control. Higher grades

will also usually be required to break wooden boards in order to display the accuracy

of their technique.

To move up from one belt to the next, students must demonstrate competency

during a grading in front of a panel of judges or an instructor. Grading formats mayvary between clubs, but generally include the display of patterns, which use various

techniques and sequence, breaking boards or wood, which demonstrates the use of

techniques with power and control, self-defense, and sparring to show the application

and control of techniques. There may also be theory and questions on history and

techniques. This demonstrates understanding of the art. At higher dan tests, a student

may take a written test as well as taking the practical grading.

Promotion between kups can be fast in some clubs, such as promotions every

two, three, or four months. Basic techniques are developed first, more advanced

techniques are introduced during the approach to first dan. Older, and more

traditional schools may take longer to gain gradings than more younger clubs.

However grading between dans may take years. The general rule is that a black belt

may advance from one rank to the next only after the number of years equivalent to

the current rank. For example, a second degree black belt may not progress to third

degree until two years have passed. Some organizations also have junior black belt

ranks for under 16 year olds rather than dan ranks.


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The typical student needs between three and six months before moving up each

kup rank. The average student who trains two or three times per week could expect

to have achieved green belt rank after one year, red belt after the second year and

then black belt after more than three years of regular training. In reality many

students can take up to five years to achieve their 1st dan black belt but this depends

on the individual.

After achieving black belt grade (1st dan), there are further gradings up to ninth

dan. Once the practitioner has passed sixth dan, they may be known as a master of

taekwondo.

During the students training as well as observing the creed, they should also

follow the tenets of taekwondo (see philosophy section), never misuse taekwondo,

respect instructors, seniors and juniors, promote freedom, justice and a more peaceful

world.

8.2 Meaning of Belt

White Belt represents purity. White signifies innocence, as that of a beginning

student who has no previous knowledge of Taekwondo. It represents a clean slate,

and the beginning of a journey in Taekwondo.

Yellow Belt represents Energy. Yellow signifies the earth, from which the plant

sprouts and takes root as the Taekwondo foundation is being laid. It is also color of

sunshine. It's associated with joy, happiness, intellect, and energy. Yellow produces awarming effect, arouses cheerfulness, stimulates mental activity, and generates

muscle energy.

Orange Belt represents combines the energy of red and the happiness of yellow.

It is associated with joy, sunshine, and the tropics. Orange represents enthusiasm,

fascination, happiness, creativity, determination, attraction, success, encouragement,

and stimulation.

Green Belt is the color of growth. The growth of power in specific green

signifies the plants growth as Taekwondo skills are developing.

Blue Belt represents the sky and continued upward attainment. Blue signifies the

heavens, toward which the plant develops into a towering tree as the Taekwondo

training progresses.

Purple Belt represents the stability of blue and the energy of red. Purple is

associated with royalty. It symbolizes power, nobility, luxury, and ambition. It is


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during this time that a Taekwondo practitioner should have their goals set in

becoming a black belt and should have basics of Taekwondo understood.

Red Belt is the color of fire and blood, so it is associated with energy, war,

danger, strength, power, determination as well as passion, desire, and love. Red is a

very emotionally intense color. Just as stoplights, fire equipment and other highlyvisible items are painted in red, red in Taekwondo training should start showing the

techniques and advanced skills which appeal to yourself and others.

Brown Belt represents the earth. Here the student must work to till the soil of the

martial arts, to dig out the riches of knowledge needed to reach the next level Tae

Kwon Do.

Black Belt represents the next major step in your Taekwondo journey. It is the

beginning of to understand the depth of Taekwondo. Combining yellow, orange,

green, purple, blue, brown, and red produces black. Black represents the combinedknowledge of the lower levels in Tae Kwon Do training. The journey in Taekwondo

is never ending. The black belt phase must be approached as a new beginning. One

should start again with a new beginning as Taekwondo is a never ending journey.

9.0 Physical Training

First of all, it is a little bit nervous before going for physical training. The firstfeeling come in my mind when think of physical training is something like army

camp training where the seniors will torture us.

On 17 of April 2011, it was a sunny morning and I reached Dataran Melaka with

my friends by sitting MMU bus. After everyone is readied, our club leaders

Benjamin Loh called up for warming up and stretching. It has been long time ago

when I doing warm-up in the early morning. Normally I sleep at mid night and never

see the sun in the morning. However, in order to attend the physical training, I forced

myself to sleep at 10am and I managed to wake up at 6am. It is kind of proud for andthanks to the training.

After warmup, the committees and co-curriculum students were asked to run a

round which is led by senior. It is quite hard because the senior run fast, in order to

follow up his speed, I try my best to stay behind him. It is a success for me when I

finished my run behind the senior.


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The following activities are did in own group. Mr. Chia showed some examples

for us before we started our own. My group consisted of Ai Poh, Shu Lee, Kiao Wei

and Angela. The picture below is one of the interesting activities where we are trying

to jump as far as we can. Besides, there is a 50m running session where we need to

run as fast as we can. I very enjoyed that part because I am runner in my secondary

school. It reminded me when I was in secondary school and having a lot of fun withthat.

Physical training ended around 11am. I am exhausted and tired after doing all

the activities. Everyone looks tired. However, from the participants faces and

emotions, I know that they all enjoy the activities provided by Mr. Chia and seniors.

Everyone is discussing the activities and talking to each other. It is benefiting me

because I do know quite a number of friends due to the training.


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The photo above is the combination of the activities and the group photo.


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Last but not least, I would like to thanks Mr.Chia by providing such healthier

activities for us. The training will become sweet memories for us. Every time I

passed by the Dataran, I will recall back I was having training before. It is really

memorable for me.

10.0 Beach Training

Beach training was held in Tanjung Bidara which is a sandy beach that located

around 45mins from MMU, Melaka. I have two feeling before going to beach

training, excited and anxious. I excited because I will going to beach and I love

beach so much and I can have training over there! However, I am anxious because I

worried that I cannot fulfill the task by Mr. Chia.

Mr. Chia taught us how to fall and decrease the damage we will receive. It is

useful because we can protect ourselves when we facing those hard situations. When

falling, we were asked to use arm to take the fall down damage and to protect ourface. It is important not to let our face damage and harm. Another interesting skill is

rolling. I remember I did that when I was a kid where I roll in my bed. However, on

the day of training, I forget how to do it and I need to learn it again! It is enjoyable

when we were asked to overcome an obstacle by Mr. Chia. It is a tiny hill and all of

us need to roll over it. It is happy and proud when I managed to do it.

The photo above is my group instructor Tham and me.


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The photo above is my group and our Master, Mr.Chia

Beach training ended around 1 oclock in the afternoon. Everyone is sweaty and

tired with the training. However, I know all of them enjoy the training because it may

happen only once in a lifetime. I may not have chance to do training again in beach. I

do appreciate the time when having training with all the friends.


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11.0 Graduation Day

I was surprised when Master Chia announced that there is a graduation event for

all us. A certificate will be giving to us to show that I had finished my beginner class

of Taekwondo. The feeling is quite special. The reason is because I need to leave a

class that accompanies me for the past 8 weeks. Master Chia is nice and the seniors

are friendly. Although I am new, seniors tried their best to teach me. I think I start to

love Taekwondo and may start joining again as a committee.

12.0 Conclusion

I knew quite a number of friends after joining Taekwondo as co-curriculum

member. The peoples are friendly and willing to help when I cant finish some

activities during training or even during stretching. Master Chia is a good coach and

provides me a lot of knowledge during his theory and also practical class. The

philosophy taught by him gives me a new and fresh perception towards relationship

with other. He is patient to teach members who are not doing well and give his 100%motivation to them. He is a good coach and a good teacher for me. At last, I would

like to thanks Mr.Chia and Taekwondo club members who enhances my university

life.

introduction of taekwondo

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