Diapositiva 1

PLANNING AND PREPARING A SPEECH

METHODS OF SPEAKING

Oral Presentations and Public speeches are likely the most used activities in the ESL Classroom. This is due to the fact that speaking is one the linguistic skill to be developed in FL. There are Four types of speeches:Impromtu speechMemorised SpeechReadSpeechExtemporaneousSpeechIMPROMTU SPEECH

It is the one delivered in the spur of the moment. It requires the least preparation; with little advanced notice, the speaker is asked to speak for a few minutes on a specific subject.The speaker relies on previous knowledge of the topic (and the language).The speaker have to limit himself to a specific aspect that can be discussed in a few minutes.The body of your speech must be unified. Examples, illustrations, comparisons, and contrasts to help explain the topic.Conclude on a strong note. Restate them briefly but clearly.

MEMORISED SPEECH

It is a speech that is read, it lacks spontaneity. In addition, memory can fail during delivery and can cause embarrassment. This type of speech should not be used in public speaking classes. Here are some guidelines in giving a memorised speech:Stay focused on your specific purpose and on the key ideas you want to convey.Practice, practice, practiceIt is written word by word and committed to memory. Few speakers are able to use this methods effectively since its relies on memory skills. READ SPEECH

Its important for the speaker reading a speech to maintain rapport with the audience.Here are some guidelines in giving a manuscript speech:Only use a manuscript when what you are saying is of critical importance.Use good oral style.Practice, practice, practice.Develop body language and gestures that support what you are saying.Use effective vocal variety/contrast.Remain flexible. A Read speech is written out and read. It is used when its important that the exact words are used in a correct way, a read speech is appropriate. Political leaders read speeches for accuracy and precision. EXTEMPORANOUS SPEECH

This type speech must also be practiced but the words and arrangement of words are changed to something better and more effective. In rehearsing and delivering, the speaker is simply guided by an outline. The speaker doesnt memorize the speech, but the order of ideas to achieve unity, organization, and clarity in speech.An extemporaneous speech:Requires careful preparation.It is based on a key word outline.Allows the speaker to remain direct, involved, and flexible.This should be the commonly used method of speaking in ESL class. It is not read nor memorized. It is spontaneous and natural. The speaker has time to prepare the ideas they wish to convey and the actual words are formulated at the moment of delivery.The impromptu speechIt does not need previous planning or preparation. However, speakers have to stay focus on the topic, selecting and organizing the information properly.PLANNING AND PREPARING A SPEECHInteresting aspects for the ESL Classroom:Students can show their general knowledge about a topic.Students can improve their oral skills, specially fluency.Students can share personal information with their partners.The memorised speechThe read speechThe extemporaneous speechSelecting the subject (free or selected)

Determining the purpose. (entertain, persuade, convince, inform)Analyzing the audience and the occasion. (age, cultural background, settings)Gathering material (relevant, up dated)Arranging an outlineChoose the appropriate visual aids.Practicing the speech loud for wording and fluency.Delivering the speech.PLANNING AND PREPARING A SPEECHOther aspects involved (King,2007):What about anxiety?What is the role of the teacher in the process of preparing a speech in the ESL classroom?How can difference between oral and written language can affect our oral presentation?PREPARE OR NOT PREPARE?