introduction: soa anthropogenic-biogenic interactions focus ......biofuel poa fossil fuel poa...

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Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus Group John Shilling [email protected] 1

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Page 1: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus Group

John Shilling [email protected]

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Page 2: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

(a)

-50 0 50Latitude

0

2

4

6

8So

urce

(Tg(

OA)

a-1

/ 3o la

titud

e)(b)

-50 0 50Latitude

0

2

4

6

8

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ce (T

g(O

A) a

-1 /

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ude)

Open BB POABiofuel POAFossil fuel POA

Biogenic SOABB-SOAAC-BSOAUrban-SOA

Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA

SOA concentrations correlate with anthropogenic tracers such as CO or alkyl nitrates.

14C studies indicate most (40-80%) of the aerosol carbon is modern.

Implies an enhancement of biogenic SOA by anthropogenic emissions.

Extra -0.86 W/m2 forcing.

Could imply a higher climate sensitivity. 2

Spracklen et al. ACP, 2012

Page 3: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

Why DOE and ASR? A-B interactions impact climate change models.

Anthropogenic emissions have a clear tie to energy production and use.

The ASR program has a focus on understanding aerosol processes and their effect on climate change.

ASR has already funded modeling and laboratory SOA process studies.

ARM has already invested in several past and future field campaigns which have A-B interactions as a theme.

CARES, B-BOP, GoAmazon.

ASR has the expertise and we are already doing this work; we just need to organize to improve collaborations and speed progress.

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Page 4: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

A-B Interactions Focus Group Goals

Understand when and where A-B interactions occur in the ambient atmosphere.

Field studies. Investigate mechanisms responsible for A-B interactions in both gas and condensed phase.

Field, and laboratory studies with input from modelers. Develop computationally efficient parameterizations of these mechanisms.

Modeling studies with input from observations and experiments.

Investigate the implications of these mechanisms on climate now and in the future.

Modeling studies.

Make significant and measurable progress in 3-5 years.

Page 5: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

A-B Focus Group strategy

Adopt a measurement to modeling approach. Tight coupling of laboratory, field, and modeling studies is needed to solve this problem.

This is an expansive topic so we chose 3 climate-relevant processes to focus on.

Processes effect particle number-size distributions, CCN activity, and aerosol optical properties. 5

Paul Ziemann

Scot Martin

Rahul Zaveri

Page 6: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

Focus Area 1: Fate of ROO Radicals in the Gas Phase.

Understand how the fate of the ROO radical in the gas-phase is affected by anthropogenic activities. Understand how this affects aerosol size distributions, hygroscopicity and optical properties.

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RH R· ROO· OH O2

ROOH

RONO2

RO·

ROONO2

NO

NO2

HO2

RO2

More from Paul Ziemann

Page 7: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

Focus Area 2: SOA Physical State and Morphology

Understand the physical state of organic aerosol as affected by anthropogenic activities. Understand the implications for SOA properties and climate models.

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Page 8: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

Focus Area 3: Particle Phase Reactions

Understand particle-phase reactions as affected by anthropogenic activities and subsequent climate-relevant SOA properties.

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Organics H2SO4

HNO3 HCl

Salts, BC, Org

Particle Phase

NH3

H2O

OH-

NO3-

Cl-

SO4-

Na+ NH4

+ H+

Ca2+

Gas Phase

Org

Oligomer

More from Rahul Zaveri

Page 9: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

Agenda

15:45 John Shilling – Overview / Biogenic-Anthropogenic Interactions / Focus Questions 15:55 Paul Ziemann – Proposed Laboratory Studies as Relevant to the Focus Questions 16:05 Scot Martin – Opportunities in Upcoming Field Campaigns for Data Sets Relevant to the Focus Questions 16:15 Rahul Zaveri – Proposed Modeling Improvements and Implementation Relevant to the Focus Questions 16:25 - 17:30 Discussion

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Page 10: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

BACKUP SLIDES

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Page 11: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

Anthropogenic Enhancement of SOA observed during CARES.

More OA is produced when anthropogenic and biogenic emissions mix.

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Anthropogenic/ Biogenic Interactions?

Page 12: Introduction: SOA Anthropogenic-Biogenic Interactions Focus ......Biofuel POA Fossil fuel POA Biogenic SOA BB-SOA AC-BSOA Urban-SOA Motivation: Effect of A-B Interaction on SOA SOA

Motivation: Modeling Results SOA has correlates with anthropogenic tracers such as CO. 14C studies indicate most (40-80%) of the aerosol carbon is modern. Observed SOA levels cannot be explained by known chemistry. Implies an enhancement of biogenic SOA by anthropogenic emissions. Affects aerosol loading and therefore aerosol direct and indirect effects.

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Anthropogenically-controlled Biogenic SOA loading

Carlton et al., ES&T, 2010, 44, 3376-3380

Anthropogenically-controlled Biogenic SOA fraction