UVOD

Antička Salona, colonia Martia Iulia Salona, glavni grad rimske provincije Dalmacije, nastala je uz ušće rijeke Jadro i zaštićeni morski zaljev u podnožju Kozjaka. Tu su prije dolaska Italika i Rimljana obitavali domaći delmatski žitelji i grčki trgovci.

O veličini, blagostanju i raskoši antičkoga velegrada svjedoče impozantne zidine s kulama i vratima, forum s hramovima, kazalište, upraviteljeva palača, amfiteatar, te jedinstveni spomenici biskupovog sjedišta i ranokršćanske crkve na grobljima gdje su pokopani salonitanski mučenici (Manastirine, Kapljuč, Marusinac).

Nakon seobe naroda na dijelu srušene i napuštene Salone nastanili su se Hrvati. Na Gospinu otoku i uz rukavce Jadra hrvatski će vladari podignuti nove crkvene građevine i stvoriti središte hrvatskoga Solina.

INTRODUCTION

The ancient Salona, Colonia Martia Iulia Salona, as its full name was, the capitol of the Roman province of Dalmatia, was founded at the mouth of the river Jadro and in the sheltered sea bay, at the foot of the mountain Kozjak. Before the arrival of the Italics and the Romans, the area had been inhabited by local Delmats and Greek merchants.

The size, wealth and magnificence of this Roman city are testified by its impressive walls with towers and gates, the forum with temples, the theatre, the governor’s palace, the amphitheatre, as well as the unique bishop’s seat and early Christian churches at the graveyards where the Salonitan martyrs were buried (Manastirine, Kapljuč, Marusinac).

Following the Great Migration, a part of the ruined and abandoned Salona was inhabited by the Croats. At Gospin Otok and by the Jadro river branches, the Croatian rulers will erect new churches and create the core of the Croatian Solin.

SOLIN - ANTIKA

U II. st. pr. KrIsta Istočna jadransKa obala I njeno zaleđe postajalI sU sve zanImljIvIjI rImU, te sU sredInom stoljeća počelI sUKobI s IlIrsKIm pleme-nom delmata. salona se prvI pUt spomInje U pIsanIm povIjesnIm IzvorIma 119. godIne prIje KrIsta Kada je

KonzUl CeCIlIje metel s vojsKom odlUčIo prezImItI U salonI. zahvaljUjUćI svom dobrom prIrodnom polo-žajU I spletU povoljnIh povIjesnIh događaja, Cezar UzdIže salonU na statUs KolonIje, colonia Martia iulia Salona, Koja na razmeđI era postaje metropo-lom rImsKe provInCIje dalmaCIje. od tada se U gra-dU opasanom zIdInama I Utvrđenom KUlama počela odvIjatI značajna gradIteljsKa aKtIvnost. Iz tog vremena datIrajU monUmentalna Istočna gradsKa vrata tzv. porta Caesarea, forUm, teatar, terme I amfIteatar Izgrađen U II. stoljećU poslIje KrIsta, za vrIjeme jaKoga Uspona salone. pretpostavlja se da je mogao prImItI 18.000 gledatelja.

Krajem 3. st., U vrIjeme dIoKleCIjanove vla-davIne, gradIteljsKa aKtIvnost KUlmInIra podIza-njem novIh te obnavljanjem I dograđIvanjem starI-

SOLIN - CLASSICAL PERIOD

In the 2nd CentUry bC, the romans grew Inter-ested In the eastern adrIatIC Coast and Its hInter-land, wherefore Clashes wIth the IllyrIan trIbe of the delmats begUn In the mId CentUry. salona was mentIoned In wrItten hIstorIC soUrCes for the fIrst tIme In the year 119 bC, when the CoUnsUl CaeCIlIUs metellUs deCIded to spent a wInter wIth hIs army In salona. resUltIng from the CIty’s fIne natUral lo-CatIon and a ConCatenatIon of favoUrable CIrCUm-stanCes, Caesar advanCed salona to the statUs of a Colony, ColonIa martIa IUlIa salona, that, at the tUrn of the eras, beCame the CapItol of the roman provInCe of dalmatIa. at that tIme were ereCted the CIty’s monUmental eastern gate, the so Called porta Caesarea, forUm, theatre and amphItheatre. the amphItheatre was bUIlt In the 2nd CentUry ad, at the tIme of a powerfUl rIse of salona, deemed to have reCeIved 18,000 speCtators.

In the late 3rd CentUry, the tIme of the em-peror dIoCletIan, the ConstrUCtIon aCtIvItIes CUl-mInated In ereCtIng of new and annexIng of older bUIldIngs. at that tIme salona was a popUloUs CIty, wIth Its envIronments havIng a popUlatIon of aboUt 60,000, pervaded wIth a CosmopolItan spIrIt.

SOLIN - EARLY CHRISTIANITY

the ChrIstIanIty appeared In the salona area In the 3rd CentUry, when the mIssIonary venanCIUs arrIved from rome, to be strengthen by martyrdom of the salonItan ChUrCh prImUs, the bIshop domnIo (dUjam), and hIs followers, KIlled In the year 304, at the tIme of dIoCletIan’s perseCUtIons. the plaC-

es where theIr bodIes were bUrIed, manastIrIne, KapljUč and marUsInaC, beCame plaCes of partICU-lar worshIp, where other ChrIstIans were sUbse-qUently bUrIed as well. above the martyrs’ graves were erected basilicas that, with other Christian buildings, thoroughly changed the urban appearance of salona, giv-ing it some new values. In the eastern part of the city,

in the vicinity of the place of the first se-cret gatherings of the Christians, in the late 4th and the 5th centuries was built the episcopal Centre that included double basilicas, baptistery and the bishop’s resi-dence with outbuild-ings. In the 6th centu-

ry was built a cruciform church and a new baptistery, oc-tagonal with a cruciform baptising well. In the 5th and the 6th centuries, several parish churches were built within the city, as well as the monasteries at the localities of rižinice and Crkvina, in the vicinity of salona. at the locality of Šuplja crkva, east of the city, remains of an early Christian basilica have been discovered.

two church councils, held in the years 530 and 533, made the last great events related to salona, whose walls could not have stood the numerous attacks of the avars and the slavs. the city fall in the year 614 and its devastation made the end of the Classical period in these areas. however, a new, Croatian, solin developed at the city’s outskirts in the early middle ages.

jIh zdanja. U to doba salona je napUčen grad KojI s oKolICom brojI oKo 60 tIsUća stanovnIKa prožetIh KozmopolItsKIm dUhom.

SOLIN – RANO KRŠĆANSTVO

KrŠćanstvo se na podrUčjU salone pojavljU-je U 3. st. Kada Iz rIma stIže propovjednIK venanCI-je a osnažUje se mUčenIŠtvom prvaKa salonItansKe CrKve, bIsKUpa domnIja (dUjma) I njegovIh sljedbe-nIKa, UbIjenIh U vrIjeme dIoKleCIjanovIh progona 304. godIne. mjesta gdje sU njIhova tIjela poKopana manastIrIne, KapljUč I marUsInaC, postajU mjestIma osobItoga Štovanja te se na njIma poKapajU I drUgI KrŠćanI. nad grobovIma mUčenIKa podignute su ba-zilike koje zajedno s drugim kršćanskim građevinama u potpunosti mijenjaju urbanistički izgled salone pridajući joj nove vrijednosti. U istočnom dijelu grada, u blizini pr-vog tajnog okupljališta kršćana krajem Iv. i početkom v. stoljeća sagrađen je episkopalni centar a obuhvaćao je dvojne bazilike, krstionicu i biskupovu palaču s gospo-darskim objektima. U vI. st. podignuta je križna bazilika te nova krstionica osmerokutnog oblika s križnim krsnim zdencem. tijekom v. i vI. st. gradi se niz župnih crkava unutar grada, te samostani, rižinice i Crkvina, pronađeni u okolici salone. na lokalitetu Šuplja crkva, istočno od grada, otkriveni su ostaci ranokršćanske bazilike.

godine 530. i 533. održana su dva crkvena sabora i to su posljednji slavni događaji vezani uz salonu čije zidi-ne nisu mogle odoljeti brojnim nasrtajima avara i slave-na. pad grada 614. te njegova devastacija označili su kraj antike na našim prostorima. međutim, na rubovima grada, u ranom srednjem vijeku, rađa se hrvatski solin.

SOLIN – SREDNJI VIJEK

Iako je bila porušena i napuštena salona je, zbog ugleda koji je nadživio njezine zidine, snažno djelovala na došljake koji su se naselili u neposrednoj blizini, pa se ranosrednjovjekovni, hrvatski solin razvija istočno od kasnoantičkih zidina, uz rijeku jadro.

početkom Ix. st., kada započinje politički razvoj ranosrednjovjekovne hrvatske, prvi knezovi vladarske obitelji trpimirovića na salonitanskom ageru uspostav-ljaju jedno od središta svoje kneževine. dokumentirana kneževa povelja iz 852. potvrđuje da je u rižinicama, na mjestu ranijega ranokršćanskoga samostana, knez trpimir utemeljio benediktinski samostan kao svoju zadužbinu.

gospin otok, opkoljen rukavcima rijeke jadro, po-staje prvo naselje hrvata. na otoku je u x. st. na mje-stu današnje crkve hrvatska KraljICa jelena sa-gradila dvije crkve: blažene djevice marije i svetoga stjepana te se on danas štu-je kao najstarije marijansko svetište u hrvata.

na lokalitetu Šuplja crkva ostaci su trobrodne

bazilike i samostana posvećeni sv. petru i mojsiju. bazili-ka sv. petra povijesno je mjesto zvonimirove krunidbe za kralja dalmacije i hrvatske 1075.

SOLIN - MIDDLE AGES

although ruined and abandoned, due to the repute that outlived its walls, salona powerfully influenced the newcomers who settled in its vicinities, and the early medieval, Croatian, solin developed east of the late Classical walls, by the jadro river.

In the early 9th century, when the political development of the late medieval Croatia begun, the first princes of the trpimirović dynasty established one of the seats of their principality in the salonitan ager. the prince’s charter of the year 852 confirms that in rižinice, at the locality of the former early Christian monastery, prince trpimir established a benedictine monastery as his endowment.

gospin otok, surrounded with the jadro river’s branches, became the first Croatian settlement. at otok, in the 10th century, at the place of the present day church, the Croatian qUeen jelena, built two churches, dedicated to our lady and st. stephen, today worshiped as the oldest Croatian marian sanctuary.

at the locality of Šuplja crkva there are remains of a three vessel basilica and a monastery, dedicated to st. peter and moses. the st. peter’s basilica is the place of coronation of zvonimir as the King of dalmatia and Croatia in 1075.

DANAŠNJI SOLIN

Nakon jake industrijalizacije, koja je obilježila XX. st., Solin 1990. dobiva status grada i od tada kreće s intenzivnim razvojem, uređenjem i izgradnjom. To je utjecalo na činjenicu da ovaj, povijesno jedan od najstarijih gradova u Hrvatskoj, posljednjih godina nosi titulu Grada prijatelja obitelji i epitet populacijski najmlađega grada u Hrvatskoj. Indeks vitalnosti stanovništva iznosi 2,4 a prosječna starosna dob stanovnika 34,3 godine.

Solin se danas može pohvaliti s preko 70 kulturnih i sportskih udruga a posljednjih godina prepoznatljiv je i po bogatom kulturnom ljetu koje obiluje nizom vrijednih manifestacija od kojih neke imaju i međunarodni karakter, Ethno ambient festival i Međunarodni festival karikatura.

Razvijanju turističkoga imidža grada od nedavno doprinosi i otvaranje hotela s pet zvjezdica koji u svojoj ponudi ima konferencijske dvorane, wellnes i spa centar te fitness i masažni centar.

U svakom slučaju Solin je danas prepoznatljiv na svim poljima društvenoga života i pred sobom ima blistavu budućnost zbog čega s ponosom nosi naziv Sretni grad

uz Jadro.

PRESENT DAY SOLIN

Following the intensive industrialisation that characterised the 20th century, in 1990 Solin was granted the administrative status of a city, when its intensive development, planning and building begun. This gained

this, historically among the oldest towns in Croatia, the title of the Family Friendly City, and the status of the youngest Croatian town by the age of its inhabitants. The community vitality index is 2.4, and the average age 34.3 years.

Today, Solin can proudly list over 70 cultural and sports associations, since recently also the abounding programme of summer cultural events, some of them of international character, such as the Ethno Ambient Festival and the International Cartoon Festival.

Developing the tourist image of the city has recently been contributed by opening of a five-star hotel, providing such amenities as conference halls, wellness, spa, fitness and massage centres.

Anyway, Solin has been recognised in all fields of social life, looking into a brilliant future, hence proud of its nickname of the Happy Town at the Jadro.

Tekst / Writer:marIjana batarelo jelavIć

Fotografije / Photo:zoran alejbeg, jaKov teKlIć

Dizajn / Design:stjepKo roŠIn

tUrIstIčKa zajednICa grada solInahrvatska, solin, Kralja zvonimira 69

tel.: + 385 (0)21 210 048 / fax: + 385 (0)21 260 900tzg-solin@st-t-com.hrwww.solin-info.com