introduction to 3 g
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Introduction to 3G
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Why 3G?
Existing mobile networks (GSM/CDMA)were designed to handle voice traffic andvoice-oriented services.
Then, when they were introduced into themarket it turned out that, other than voice-oriented, additional services (SMS to setan example) gained unexpectedpopularity.
The need for data transmission throughmobile networks has been growing
gradually together with Internet popularity.
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Types of Traffic
As latest estimates show that packetswitching trafficis growing rapidly, andwill probably exceed circuit switchingby
2005.
Operators must be sure that their core
network architecture by that time is readyto provide equally strong circuit-switchedand packet-switched domains to meet thespeed and capacity demands.
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Lack of Resources
Another important factor is that together with theneed for efficient data-oriented mobile networks,the beginning of radio resources shortage in
dense populated areas has been observed, dueto high level of penetration in mature mobilemarkets (penetration rates around 50% and upto 80% in the Nordic countries).
Therefore a new radio access technology isneeded to cope with those problems.
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Duping the Mobile Network
Operators Denis OBrien view
In 1995, the equipm ent manufacturers started to talk abou t the
next paradigm shif t i.e. 2G to 3G.
They pushed the prop osed benef i ts of 3G to the pub l ic at large.
EU was so ld on the idea of the new players.
It helped that the manufacturers were of EU orig in (Sweden,Germany , France and Finland).
Netwo rk operatorsgrow th was slowing.
60%+ of p eople had a mobile phone (100% in Scand inavia).
Looking for ways o f cont inu ing thei r grow th story for the market .
Scared of miss ing an opportun i ty to capi tal ise on s trong capi tal
market condi t ion.
Everybody boug ht the my th.
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Designing 3G
Technical arguments galore as to whichtechnologies should be used.
Standardisation bodies tried to come toagreement as to what was the bestoptions
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Example Mobile Standards Organizations
European Technical Standard Institute (Europe): http://www.etsi.org
Telecommunication Industry Association (USA): http://www.tiaonline.org
Standard Committee T1 (USA): http://www.t1.org
China Wireless Telecommunication Standard (China): http://www.cwts.org
The Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
(Japan): http://www.arib.or.jp/english/index.html
The Telecommunication Technology Committee (Japan): http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/index.html
The Telecommunication Technology Association (Korea): http://www.tta.or.kr/english/e_index.htm
http://www.etsi.org/http://www.tiaonline.org/http://www.t1.org/http://www.cwts.org/http://www.arib.or.jp/english/index.htmlhttp://www.ttc.or.jp/e/index.htmlhttp://www.tta.or.kr/english/e_index.htmhttp://www.tta.or.kr/english/e_index.htmhttp://www.ttc.or.jp/e/index.htmlhttp://www.arib.or.jp/english/index.htmlhttp://www.cwts.org/http://www.t1.org/http://www.tiaonline.org/http://www.etsi.org/ -
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So which technology for 3G??
A lmos t al l accepted 3G radiostandardsare based on CDMA
http://www.3g-generation.com/cdma_principle.htm
BUT .
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International Standardization
ITU (International TelecommunicationUnion) radio standards and spectrum
IMT-2000 ITUs umbrella name for 3G which stands for
International Mobile Telecommunications 2000
National and regional standards bodies are
collaborating in 3G partnership projects ARIB, TIA, TTA, TTC, CWTS. T1, ETSI (willlearn about some of these later)
3G Partnership Projects (3GPP & 3GPP2)
focused on evolution of access and corenetworks
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IMT-2000 Terrestrial RadioInterfaces
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IMT-2000 Terrestrial RadioInterfaces
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W-CDMA
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access(WCDMA) is a wideband radio techniquethat provides far higher data rates than
other radio techniques available today, upto 2Mbit/s, and highly efficient use of radiospectrum.
Co-developed by NTT DoCoMo, it is beingbacked by most European mobileoperators and is expected to compete with
cdma2000 to be the de facto 3G standard
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UMTS (W-CDMA)
In Europe, 3G W-CDMA networks areknown as UMTS (Universal MobileTelephony System) another name for w-
CDMA/3G services.
Governments in the region held UMTSauctions for 3G licences netting $108billion in 2000.
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FOMA (W-CDMA)
Japanese giant NTT DoCoMo Inc brandname for 3G services is FOMA (Freedomof Mobile Multimedia Access).
This is also based on the W-CDMA format
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IMT-2000 Terrestrial RadioInterfaces
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IMT-MC
The IMT-MC is a cdma2000 standard.
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cdma2000
You will recall cdmaOne.
cdma2000 is the upgrade to cdmaOne.
It uses a wider spectrum than CDMA
and therefore can transmit and receiveinformation faster and more efficiently,making fast Internet data, video, and
CD-quality music transmission possible.
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cdma2000
There are however new cdma2000variants called cdma2000 1X, 1X-EV-DV,1X EV-DO, and cdma2000 3X.
They deliver 3G services while occupyinga very small amount of current spectrum(1.25 MHz per carrier) as opposed to
UMTS which requires completely NEWspectrum (hence the auctions).
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IMT-2000 Terrestrial RadioInterfaces
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TD-SCDMA
TD-SCDMA is the Chinese contribution to theITU's IMT-2000 specification for thirdgeneration (3G) wireless mobile services.Time Division Synchronous Code Division
Multiple Access TD-SCDMA operates using the TDD mode,
transmitting on one frequency on a time-shifted basis in both directions (uplink and
downlink). The system is being promoted by China
Mobile and China Unicom through a TD-SCDMA forum
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Standards adopted for IMT-2000
Mode Description Standard
IMT-DS DIRECT SEQUENCE W-CDMA
UTRA FDDIMT-MC MULTICARRIER cdma2000
IMT-TC TDMA/CDMA UTRA TDD
TD-SCDMA
IMT-SC SINGLE CARRIER UWC-136
IMT-FT FDMA/TDMA DECT
*the three indicated in green are emerging as the
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S5.388
The bands 1 885-2 025 MHzand 2 110-2200 MHzare intended for use, on aworldwide basis, by administrations
wishing to implement International MobileTelecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000).
Extensions
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Other Issues
Putting aside that 3G has many issues assume we want to go there.
So how do we get from here to 3G?
Legacy Issues
EVOLUTION not REVOLUTION
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CDMA
GSM
TDMA
PHS (IP-Based)
64Kbps
GPRS
115Kbps
CDMA 1xRTT
144 Kbps
EDGE
384Kbps
cdma20001X-EV-DV
Over 2.4 Mbps
W-CDMA
(UMTS)
Up to 2Mbps
2G2.5G
2.75G 3G
1992 - 2000+2001+
2003+
1G
1984 - 1996+
2003 - 2004+
TACS
NMT
AMPS
GSM/
GPRS
(Overlay)
115 Kbps
9.6 Kb ps
9.6 Kbp s
14.4 Kbp s
/ 64 Kbps
9.6 Kb ps
PDC
Analog Voice
Digital Voice
Packet Data
IntermediateMultimedia
Multimedia
PHS
TD-SCDMA
2 Mbps?
9.6 Kbp s
iDEN
(Overlay)
iDEN
Source: U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray
Migration To 3G
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Partnership Project and Forums ITU IMT-2000 http://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asp
Mobile Partnership Projects 3GPP : http://www.3gpp.org
3GPP2 : http://www.3gpp2.org
Mobile Technical Forums 3G All IP Forum: http://www.3gip.org
IPv6 Forum: http://www.ipv6forum.com
Mobile Marketing Forums
Mobile Wireless Internet Forum: http://www.mwif.org UMTS Forum : http://www.umts-forum.org
GSM Forum : http://www.gsmworld.org
Universal Wireless Communication: http://www.uwcc.org
Gl b l M bil S li htt //
http://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asphttp://www.3gpp.org/http://www.3gpp2.org/http://www.3gip.org/http://www.ipv6forum.com/http://www.mwif.org/http://www.umts-forum.org/http://www.gsmworld.org/http://www.uwcc.org/http://www.gsacom.com/http://www.gsacom.com/http://www.uwcc.org/http://www.gsmworld.org/http://www.umts-forum.org/http://www.umts-forum.org/http://www.umts-forum.org/http://www.mwif.org/http://www.ipv6forum.com/http://www.3gip.org/http://www.3gpp2.org/http://www.3gpp.org/http://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asphttp://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asphttp://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asp