introduction to anatomy (a). the greek philosopher, aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introductionto
Anatomy
(a)
![Page 2: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought.
The word "brain" appears on an ancient paper-like document (a "papyrus") called the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus. 1700 BC
![Page 3: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Avicenna’s Canon remains the primary source of reference for almost 500 years.
Avicenna (980-1037): …. higher mental functions are stored in the ventricles.
شيخ الرئيس ابوعلي حسين بن عبدالله بن حسن بن علي بن م ( معروف به ابن سينا دركتاب تشريح 908 ـ 1037سينا )
الوجود)تشريح االعضاء، حقايق انسانيه ( به بحث در مورد تشريح سيستم عصبي پرداخته ، در كتاب قانون ، سه فصل در باب
وي بيماريهاي مزاجها و در دو فصل دربارة اخالط آورده استرواني را با بيماريهاي بدن و امور جنسي مرتبط مي دانسته و
مركز اعمال رواني را در مغز و نخاع معرفي كرده است . در كتاب دوم قانون به شرح بيماريهاي اعصاب ، مغز و سر
را براي ناميدن مغز ( Encephalon) پرداخته و واژة انسفالون ابداع كرد . در اين فصل تمامي اعضاء را به خوبي تشريح كرده و
پيدايش آنها را در ارتباط با لزوم هر يك توضيح داده است . وي در اين كتاب براي اولين بار دربارة عصب سه قلو شرح داده و بيماريهاي عصبي از جمله ، صرع ، مرگ كاذب ، فلج ، سردرد ، هذيان ، بيماريهاي ماليخوليايي و درمان آنها را بطور مشروح
مطرح كرده است .
![Page 4: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Overview of Anatomy Anatomical terminology from ancient Greek and
Latin Branches of anatomy
Gross anatomy Microscopic anatomy
Cytology Histology
Developmental anatomy Embryology
Comparative anatomy Scale uses metric system
![Page 5: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Structural organization from simplest to most complex
Chemical Cellular Tissue – group of cells similar in structure and
function Organ – 2 or more tissue types performing
specific function Organ system – group of organs acting together
to perform specific function Human organism
![Page 6: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Levels of Organization:
![Page 7: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Anatomy at Different Scales (Metric Scale)
![Page 8: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Organ systems
Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic/immune Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive
![Page 9: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Branches of anatomyGross anatomyMicroscopic anatomy
Cytology Histology
Developmental anatomy Embryology
Comparative anatomy
![Page 10: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Gross Anatomy The anatomical position (see
right) Directional and regional terms
Medial v. lateral Proximal v. distal Cephalad v. caudad Interior v. superior Superficial v. deep Ipsilateral v. contralateral Flexion v. extension Ulnar deviation v. radial deviation Dorsiflexion v. plantar flexion Eversion v. inversion Medial rotation v. lateral rotation Abduction v. adduction Supination v. pronation Protraction v. retraction Elevation v. depression Rotation
![Page 11: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Body planes and sections - cut into sections along a flat surface called a plane
(also called XS – cross section)
(also called coronal)
![Page 21: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Body Planes, Sections and Lines
Sagittal- any longitudinal plane dividing the body into right and left parts
Mid-sagittal or median plane- divides the body into equal right and left halves
Coronal- longitudinal plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts
Mid-coronal- divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts
![Page 22: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Horizontal or axial plane- transverse plane passing through the body at right angles to the longitudinal plane; divides into superior and inferior portions
![Page 23: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sectional Anatomy
3 sectional planes: transverse ( or cross) section
frontal (or coronal) section
sagittal section (mid- and para-)
![Page 24: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Body cavities and membranes Dorsal cavity divided into cranial and vertebral Ventral cavity containing viscera (visceral organs)
divided into two main cavities Thoracic cavity
2 lateral pleural cavities Central mediastinum containing pericardial cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity
Serous cavities are slit-like spaces lined by serous membranes (serosa):
Parietal serosa forms the outer wall of the cavity Visceral serosa covers the visceral organ
Other smaller cavities: in head, between joints
![Page 25: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Body Cavities
![Page 27: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Serosa
![Page 28: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
1.) parietal or visceral
2.) pericardial, pleural, or peritoneal*
Naming of serous membranes (serosa) :
Parietal serosa forms the outer wall of the cavityVisceral serosa covers the visceral organ
*The 2nd adjective can become a noun: pericardium, pleura, peritoneum
Pericardial: heartPleural: lungsPeritoneal: abdominal
![Page 29: Introduction to Anatomy (a). The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, thought the heart, not the brain, was the location of intelligence and thought. The word](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649d985503460f94a8231a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
In the clinic: Abdomino-pelvic Regions