introduction to animals. characteristics of animals all multicellular eukaryotes digest internally...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Animals
Characteristics of Animals
• All multicellular
• Eukaryotes
• Digest internally
• Store food reserves in the liver as GLYCOGEN
Support Systems
• Endoskeleton v. Exoskeleton
• Vertebrate v. Invertebrate
Insects• Feeding/Digestion –
feed on plants
• Circulation/Respiration/Excretion – tracheae
• Reproduction
Annelid Worms• Structure/Movement -
segmentation
• Feeding/Digestion
• Circulation – closed circulatory system
• Respiration/Excretion – no specialized respiratory organs
• Reproduction - hermaphrodites
Amphibians• Respiration/Protection – skin• Regulation – live in wet environments• Excretion – kidney main organ• Reproduction – metamorphosis
Mammals
• Endothermic - metabolism• Circulatory System - heart• Respiration – lungs and diaphragm• Feeding/Digestion – chewing• Reproduction - sexual
Animal Behavior
Behavior
• “is a way that organisms respond to a stimulus”
• Two Types
a. Learned
b. Innate
Learned Behavior• Learning how to respond to a stimuli, usually by
observation or trial and error
A. Imprinting – behavior learned at a extremely young age B. Habituation – animal learns to ignore what should be a dangerous stimulus C. Conditioning – learned response to previously neutral stimulus (Pavlov)
Imprinting
Habituation
Innate Behavior• Born with it
A. instincts
B. caused by genetics
Other behaviors• Phermones a. chemical released by an affect b. affects behavior of another animal of same species • Taxis a. innate behavioral response to a stimulus ex) phototaxis*moth flies towards the light (+)*roach moves away from light (-)
Biological Rhythms
• “innate behavior which occurs in cycles”
• Circadian Rhythms – occurs in 24hr cycles
A. nocturnal
B. dinural
C. biological clock
• Hibernation – period of reduced metabolism that allows animals to survive bad conditions (cold months)
A. estivation – really deep sleep (warm
months)
• Annual Rhythms – yearly cycle
A. Plant Cycles
1. annual plants
2. biennial plants
3. perrineal plants
• Migrating Rhythms – entire population
moves
• Tidal Rhythms – associated with tides
a. occurs in 12 hr cycles
b. most lunged animals move at high
tide