introduction to bacteria.pptx
DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIATRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA
Dr. Nilanthi Dissanayake (MBBS, Dip. Micro, MD Micro)Department of Microbiology
Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Peradeniya
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OBJECTIVES
1. Major morphological and biological characteristics of infective bacteria that determine visualisation/ID
2. Basis of classification and means by which recognised as a cause of disease in a patient
OBJECTIVES
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STRUCTURE
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HABITAT? Where are bacteria found
EVERY WHERE BUT – most are non pathogenic
Skin flora Space
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IMPORTANCE• Basic life form
• Waste degradation
• Industry
• Antibiotic production
• Vaccine production
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CLASSIFICATION• Morphology
A- BacilliB,C,D- CocciE- Spiral
• Stain characteristics
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IDENTIFICATION• Culture
• Staining characteristics
• Antigen detection
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• Biochemical tests
• Nucleic acid detection
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HOST PARASITE RELATIONSHIP
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STAPHYLOCOCCI
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OBJECTIVES
• Habitat, main mode/s of transmission• Morphology and growth characteristics in
relation to ID• Virulence factors, pathogenicity and main
clinical diseases• Principles of treatment and prevention
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Staphylococci……• Gram positive cocci in clumps
• Ubiquitously found in humans, animals and in the environment
• Important human pathogen
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Staphylococci……• Several species• Classified using coagulase
Positive – S.aureus
Negative- Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS)
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S.aureus…… Habitat and transmission
• Normal flora of human and animals
• Abundant in ‘sweaty’ hairy areas – nose, axilla, scalp Skin scales – (10-100,000)/cm2 of skin
• Survives for long periods in environment
• TransmissionDirect or indirect contact
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S.aureus….. Virulance and disease• Several virulence factors eg. Adhesins, hyaluronidase, leucocidin, coagulase, staphylokinase, haemolysins
Toxins – exfoliatin, enterotoxins, Panton Valentine Leucicidin (PVL)
• DiseaseLocalSystemicToxin related
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Antibiotic Treatment• Development of resistance Penicillinase production
Change of Penicillin binding Proteins or the binding target • Range of antibiotics which can be used for treatment
β lactams - penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenemsMacrolides – erythomycin, azithromycin,
clarithromycinGlycopeptides – vancomycin, teicoplaninOthers – quinolones, rifampicin, linelozid,
daptomycin
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Coagulase negative staphylococci….• Many species, but only few are important
S.epidermidisS.saprophyticus
• S.saprophyticus – common cause of Urinary tract infections in females
- very sensitive to antobiotics
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• S.epidermidis- Skin commensal- Not a primary pathogen-Forms biofilms on prosthetic material