introduction to biology ii biology 1312 dr. brad hoge spring 2007 ecology and the biosphere
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Biology IIBiology 1312
Dr. Brad Hoge
Spring 2007
Ecology and The Biosphere
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Ernst Haeckel Robert MacArthur Rachel Carson Jane Goodall E.O. Wilson
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Ecology
• Biotic– Organisms– systems
• Abiotic– Physical– Chemical
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Time
• Ecological Time
• Evolutionary Time (Geologic Time)
– A Brief History of Life on Earth
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Biotic Factors
• Niche Space
• Behavior
• Dispersal
• Limiting Resources
• Predation
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Abiotic Factors
• Climate
• Water
• Environment
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Global Climate
• Zones– Ocean Circulation– Air Circulation– Weather
• Seasons
• Cycles– Water– Carbon
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Biomes
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Aquatic
• Littoral
• Limnetic
– Profundal Zone– Benthos
– Oligotrophic Lakes– Eutrophic Lakes– Mesotrophic Lakes
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Riparian
• Rivers and Streams
• Flood Plains
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Wetlands
• Estuaries
• Marshes
• Swamps
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Oceans• Intertidal
• Neritic– Continental Shelf– Coral Reefs
• Pelagic– Abyssal Plains– Mid-Ocean Vents
• Benthic
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Polar
• Taiga
• Tundra
– Permafrost
• Alpine
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Temperate• Deciduous Forest
– Old Growth Forests– Rainforests
• Coniferous Forest
• Grasslands– Prairie– Savanna– Chaparral– Steppes
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Deserts
• 300 Latitudes
• High Deserts
• Arctic and Antarctic
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Tropical
• Rain Forest
– Canopy– Emergents– Epiphytes
– Desertification
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Climate Change
• Boundary Conditions
• Long-Term Climate Change– Glacial Cycles– Volcanism– Plate Tectonics
• Anthropogenic Factors
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Population Ecology
• Populations
– Density– Dispersal– Diversity– Richness
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Life Histories
• Reproduction• Population Growth• Carrying Capacity• Limiting Factors
• Life Tables– Survivorship Curve– Reproductive Rates
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Reproductive Strategies
• Ovipary• Ovivivipary• Vivipary
• Semelparity• Iteroparity
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Population Growth
• Growth Curves
N/t = B – D
Zero population growth
Exponential population growth
Population crash
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Carrying Capacity
• Limiting Factors
• Predation– Lotka-Volterra Equations
• Environmental Change– Succession– Anthropogenic
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