introduction to certification...double certification - based on joint research, pefc and fsc...
TRANSCRIPT
1.
INTRODUCTION TO CERTIFICATION
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FOREST CERTIFICATION
Independent forest management certification provides a stamp of approval showing customers they are buying products that come from forests managed to comprehensive environmental, social, and economic standards. A certificate is issued only after a thorough review by third-party auditors determines, among other things, that long-term harvests are sustainable, there is no unauthorized or illegal logging, wildlife habitat is preserved, and soil quality is maintained.
In Canada: Canadian forest managers certify their lands to one of three internationally recognized sustainable forest management certification programs – Canadian Standards Association (CSA), Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI). All three set high thresholds that forest companies must clear, above and beyond Canada’s tough regulatory requirements.
Moreover, they are tailored to take into account global forestry issues as well as circumstances specific to the Canadian landscape, such as the livelihood of local communities and the interests of Indigenous peoples.
Many companies are also certified to the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) Standard, which provides a solid management system for meeting goals and then improving on them. The forestry- specific standards (CSA, FSC, SFI) can then be built on top of this foundation for continual improvement.
Globally: FSC International operates at the global level and establishes processes and requirements for the development of national standards meeting its international principles and criteria. The Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) is a global forest certification umbrella organization that endorses national forest certification systems that meet its assessment criteria. Both the CSA and SFI certification programs have been endorsed by PEFC.
In 2002 forest companies belonging to the Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC) and responsible for managing the majority of the working forest in Canada, committed to certifying their forestry operations to CSA, FSC, or SFI. That goal was met in 2006. New FPAC members and operations acquired by member companies must meet this certification commitment within five years as a requirement of membership.
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Forest Certification in Canada1999-2019
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tifie
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TRACEABILITY
Illegal logging in developing countries is a major cause of deforestation and poses a significant threat to the overall sustainability of forests and the economic viability of forest communities. It can undermine the competitiveness of legally harvested and traded forest products. Forest companies belonging to FPAC have signed a commitment to only purchase and use wood from legal sources, and to trace their wood supplies to provide documented assurance that they come from well-managed and legal origins.
There are multiple wood production and tracking mechanisms whereby saw or pulp mills in Canada can identify the forest management unit and the exact stand that wood has originated from. This is largely because 94% of the forest lands are publicly owned. They are managed under a multi-layered legislative framework and many of the traceability mechanisms in place are part of regulations and government oversight. The details of the traceability mechanisms used are likely to vary between provinces, territories, and companies because of jurisdictional and business management differences. For example, one company might use a contractor payment system to identify the forest each load of wood comes from; another might take the location from the load slip that accompanies the wood to the mill.
However, the same general mechanisms (such as approval of management and operating plans, and field inspections) are in place everywhere.
CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY CERTIFICATION
A chain-of-custody is a set of chain-wide administrative and technical requirements for traceability. The chain might run from the forest to the first mill that receives it (a “forest” chain-of-custody) or from the forest through all stages of production to the end consumer (a “product” chain-of-custody). The traceability mechanisms to be used are established in the chain-of-custody standard of the relevant forest certification program (e.g. CSA, FSC, SFI) and audited by independent third parties. Chain-of-custody certification complements forest management certification by verifying the link between the certified forest and the product, enabling the product to be sold as certified. Both FSC and SFI have developed program-specific chain-of-custody standards whereas the CSA program uses the PEFC international chain- of-custody standard.
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World Trends Chain of Custody Cer�ficates
FSC PEFC
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A certification system’s chain-of-custody provides:
» third party verification of the percentage of certified, non-certified and recycled content in a product
» assurance that non-certified sources come from legal, controlled and non-controversial sources
» the ability to communicate that content through a label on the product.
Businesses and governments have rising expectations about the environmental and social pedigree of the paper and wood products they buy, and are asking for certified products. Because of concerns over illegal logging and deforestation they are also scrutinizing any non-certified wood. This demand for proof that forest products have been sustainably and legally harvested has, in turn, boosted demand for chain-of-custody certification. The majority of FPAC member companies use a certified chain-of-custody to track their wood supplies.
CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS USED IN CANADA
Three major forest certification programs are used in Canada. They apply to public and private lands, can be used for both large and small forest areas, and include environmental objectives and performance measures.
The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) CSA is a not-for- profit membership-based organization founded in 1919, and Canada’s oldest and largest standards development organization. The CSA Sustainable Forest Management Standard (CAN/CSAZ809- 16), Canada’s national standard for sustainable forest management, was first released in 1996 and then revised in 2002, 2008 and finally 2016. It uses a definition of sustainable forest management developed by the Canadian Council
of Forest Ministers (CCFM) from the Montréal Process, an inter-governmental process for developing global criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management.
The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Canada. FSC Canada was constituted in 1998 and operates under FSC International (see below). It is a not-for-profit organization governed by a Board of Directors representing a balance of interests. The FSC National Forest Stewardship Standard of Canada was released in 2019 (FSC-STD-CAN-01-2018 V 1-0). It represents the Canadian adaptation of FSC’s global Principles, Criteria and International Generic Indicators. This new forest management standard replaces the former regional standard that were: the Maritimes Standard (released 1999, revised 2008), the British Columbia Standard (released 2003, revised 2005), and the National Boreal Standard (2004). A draft standard for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence region was field-tested in 2007. A streamlined standard is also being developed for Small and Low Intensity Managed Forests (SLIMF).
The Sustainable Forestry Initiative® (SFI®) SFI is an independent, non-profit organization that advances sustainability through forest-focused collaborations. SFI is governed by a three-chamber Board of Directors representing environmental, social and economic sectors equally. The SFI Forest Management Standard (first released in 1995, revised in 1999, 2002, 2005,2010, and 2015) is based on SFI Principles and applies to organizations in the United States and Canada (SFI 2015 – 2019). and applies to organizations in
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the United States and Canada. The SFI Fiber Sourcing Standard include measures to broaden the use of forestry best management practices to protect water quality, provide outreach to landowners, and utilize the services of forest management and harvesting professionals. SFI also has two modules designed for small landowners, as well as Indigenous peoples, families and communities.
The SFI Forest Management Standard is endorsed by PEFC.
LINKS TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND PROGRAMS
Forest Stewardship Council International (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes (PEFC) are global, independent non-profit programs that recognize national and regional forest certification standards meeting international requirements and developed in a multi-stakeholder process.
FSC is an international organization that provides a system for voluntary accreditation and independent third-party certification. Founded in 1994, it operates in some 50 countries through a network of national and regional offices. FSC sets procedures for the development and approval of FSC Stewardship Standards which are based on the FSC Principles and Criteria. In addition, FSC sets standards for the accreditation of conformity assessment bodies (also known as certification bodies) that certify compliance with FSC’s standards. Based on these standards, FSC provides a system for certification for organizations seeking to market
their products as FSC certified. By May 2020, 211 million hectares (521 million acres) distributed in 90 countries had been certified to FSC standards. In Canada, three regional standards and the National Forest Stewardship Standard of Canada have been accredited by FSC.
PEFC is a global alliance of national forest certification systems. Founded in 1999, it operates in some 51 countries through a network of national members that develop and implement the PEFC system within their country. PEFC is an umbrella organization that works by endorsing national forest certification systems. Each national forest certification system undergoes rigorous third-party assessment against PEFC’s unique sustainability benchmarks to ensure consistency with international requirements. Within PEFC’s certification system, national Accreditation Bodies must be members of the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) of one of the IAF regional accreditation groups. Being part of PEFC offers the opportunity to use the PEFC International Chain of Custody standard and the PEFC label. By March 2020, 331 million hectares (818 million acres) of certified forest in more than 40 countries.
Canada joined the PEFC alliance in 2001 with CSA International, part of the CSA Group which developed the CSA SFM standard. SFI was also an early member of PEFC, joining in June 2001. In 2005, the CSA and SFI standards achieved international recognition with PEFC endorsement.
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Double Certification - Based on joint research, PEFC and FSC concluded that in mid-2019, 93 million hectares of global forest area were double certified (18% of the total certified area), and the total global certified area is 430 million ha. Double certification exists in 33 countries.
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2.
CANADA – WORLD LEADER IN FOREST CERTIFICATION
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CANADA LEADS THE WORLD IN THIRD-PARTY FOREST CERTIFICATION
The early certification commitment of FPAC member companies in 2002 was instrumental in spurring the phenomenal growth of forest certification in Canada. There is now a significant amount of certified wood available from Canada to meet the growing customer demand for certified forest products.
Certification map. A map of areas of certified forest operations across Canada can be found at www.certificationcanada.org. Details about a certification can be viewed by clicking on the specific area. An example of these maps is shown below, and the most current version can be found on the website.
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» There are 168 million hectares (415 million acres) where forest management is certified under one or more of the three certification programs used in Canada.
» The forestry practices in the vast majority of the forests in which forestry operations can occur are now certified.
» Canada has the largest area of third-party independently certified forests in the world.
» Canada has 35% of the world’s certified forest area.
» Only 11% of the world’s forests are independently certified.
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CANADA Russia USA Finland Sweden Australia Belarus Brazil Germany Norway Poland France
Mill
ions
of h
ecta
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er�fi
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Canadian Cer�fica�on in the Global Context - 2019
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-2013 - Net TotalsCer�fica�on in Canada 2000-2019
Net Totals - Double counting of areas certified to more than one standard has been removed- Canada: Actual double certified area as of Dec 31, 2018- Other Countries: Best Estimate of double certified area as of mid 2017
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» Canada has 42% of all PEFC endorsed certifications (CSA and SFI) and 22% of all FSC certifications.
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Canada’s Contribu�on to Worldwide FSC and PEFC Cer�fica�ons - 2019M
illio
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The CSA, FSC and SFI forest certification standards were developed for specific circumstances and needs, and have differences. The legal framework within which standards are applied has also influenced them. For example CSA is only applied in Canada, largely on government-owned forest lands, and was written to complement tough policies, guidelines and government oversight already in place for the public forestlands in Canada. FSC was established as a response to concerns over global deforestation and is applied on public or private lands, large or small, worldwide. It includes requirements that may not already be in place in developing countries lacking a strong environmental and social framework. SFI is applied in Canada and the United States on both public and private lands and its requirements for North America recognize the strong legal framework in place there. It incorporates outreach and training requirements for suppliers of wood bought from uncertified sources as an additional measure to ensure all wood is from responsible sources.
The standards have evolved over time, just as the definition of sustainable forest management itself has. They remain current and relevant through regular standard reviews that accommodate new scienceand changing public views, and on many fronts there has been convergence over time. For example the CSA standard has become more responsive to social concerns, FSC standards have become more responsive to economic concerns, and SFI has expanded their scope to include conservation, community and education.
All standards promote responsible forest management through the conservation of biological diversity, maintenance of wildlife habitat and species diversity, protection of special sites, soil and water, and sustainable harvest levels. Forests are protected from illegal logging, laws and rights are observed, input is obtained from multiple stakeholders, there is public reporting, and audits by independent third parties are required.
For more on how the certification systems all promote responsible forest management, please see the table that follows entitled “Key Elements in Forest Certification Programs”. CELEBRATING THE VALUE OF ALL STANDARDS
The CSA, FSC, and SFI certification standards all belong in purchasing policies aimed at obtaining environmentally sound products from well-managed forests. The standards complement each other in that they accomplish the same overall objectives. They are applied side-by-side across the landscape, and increasingly, on the same forest area to keep options open for meeting market demands. Certification toone standard makes it easier to certify to another since many elements are already in place. See the map of certified areas in Canada at www.certificationcanada.org.
The Canadian Council of Forest Ministers recognizes CSA, FSC and SFI as being consistent with national and international agreements related to sustainable forest management and meeting criteria for balancing interests, being objective and science-based, implementable and practical.
Many other government agencies and corporate buyers In North America with procurement policies that include certified products recognize the CSA, FSC and SFI programs. Globally the programs are recognized either explicitly or through the FSC or PEFC international programs, and are accepted by thegovernments of France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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TABLE OF KEY ELEMENTS IN FOREST CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS
The forest certification standards used in Canada are consistent across key values. However each moves from global values and principles, to local application, in a different way:
» CSA Sustainable Forest Management Standard involves a combination of public participation requirements, performance requirements, and management system requirements. This Standard’s management system requirements are based on the internationally recognized CAN/CSA-ISO 14001 environmental management system standard. In the public participation process, an advisory group identify and select Values, Objectives, Indicators, and Targets based on (but not limited to) the sustainable forest management elements identified in this Standard.
» The FSC National Forest Stewardship Standard of Canada maintains the internationally established hierarchical structure where Principles are essential rules or elements of forest stewardship, the Criteria provide the means of judging if a Principle has been fulfilled, and Indicators contain the performance direction that the FSC-certified organizations must meet or to which they must adhere.
» The SFI Forest Management Standard applies to SFI Program Participants that own or have management authority for forestlands and is based on Principles, Objectives, Performance Measures and Indicators. In addition, organization with fiber sourcing programs must meet the SFI Fiber Sourcing Standard.
These “structural” differences make it difficult to directly compare the CSA, FSC and SFI standards, as they each take a diverse approach to developing auditable indicators. To structure our comparison, we refer to the internationally-agreed elements of sustainable forest management used by Indufor in their International Comparison of Forest Management Legal Frameworks and Certification Standards (first published in 2009 and revised in 2016). A summary of Indufor report is available on the FPAC website www.fpac.ca.
The following table illustrates the forestry requirements of these standards and provides some examples of indicators to show how the requirements are specifically applied in Canada’s forests. Other important elements of certification standards, such as auditor qualifications, chain-of-custody and labeling are also covered. The table is based on what is written in the standards and should not be taken as giving an accurate indication of what happens when they are applied on the ground.
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E
lem
ents
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
1. H
arve
stin
g-le
vel
man
agem
ent
Man
agin
g th
e ha
rves
ting-
leve
l in
natu
ral f
ores
ts is
a
cent
ral c
ompo
nent
of
ensu
ring
sust
aina
bilit
y in
the
long
term
. The
pr
oces
s to
det
erm
ine
the
allo
wab
le h
arve
st
leve
ls c
an b
e dr
iven
by
eco
nom
ic o
r en
viro
nmen
tal c
once
rns.
In m
any
juris
dict
ions
the
gove
rnm
ent p
lays
a ro
le
in d
eter
min
ing
allo
wab
le
cuts
– p
artic
ular
ly w
hen
harv
estin
g is
con
duct
ed
on p
ublic
land
s.
Crite
rion
2 —
Eco
syst
em c
ondi
tion
and
prod
uctiv
ityCo
nser
ve fo
rest
eco
syst
em c
ondi
tion
and
prod
uctiv
ity b
y m
aint
aini
ng th
e he
alth
, vi
talit
y, a
nd ra
tes o
f bio
logi
cal p
rodu
ction
.
Elem
ent 2
.1 —
For
est e
cosy
stem
co
nditi
on a
nd p
rodu
ctivi
tyCo
nser
ve fo
rest
eco
syst
em p
rodu
ctivi
ty
and
prod
uctiv
e ca
paci
ty b
y m
aint
aini
ng
ecos
yste
m c
ondi
tions
that
are
cap
able
of
supp
ortin
g na
tura
lly o
ccur
ring
spec
ies.
Re
fore
st p
rom
ptly
and
use
tree
spec
ies
ecol
ogic
ally
suite
d to
the
site.
PRIN
CIPL
E 5:
BEN
EFIT
S FR
OM
THE
FO
REST
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l effi
cien
tly m
anag
e th
e ra
nge
of m
ultip
le p
rodu
cts a
nd
serv
ices
of t
he M
anag
emen
t Uni
t to
mai
ntai
n or
enh
ance
long
term
eco
nom
ic
viab
ility
and
the
rang
e of
soci
al a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l ben
efits
.
Crite
rion
5.2
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l no
rmal
ly h
arve
st p
rodu
cts a
nd se
rvic
es
from
the
Man
agem
ent U
nit a
t or b
elow
a
leve
l whi
ch c
an b
e pe
rman
ently
sust
aine
d.
Prin
cipl
e 1.
Sus
tain
able
For
estr
y To
pra
ctice
sust
aina
ble
fore
stry
to m
eet t
he
need
s of t
he p
rese
nt w
ithou
t com
prom
ising
the
abili
ty o
f fut
ure
gene
ratio
ns to
mee
t the
ir ow
n ne
eds b
y pr
actic
ing
a la
nd st
ewar
dshi
p et
hic
that
inte
grat
es re
fore
stati
on a
nd th
e m
anag
ing,
gr
owin
g, n
urtu
ring
and
harv
estin
g of
tree
s for
us
eful
pro
duct
s and
eco
syst
em se
rvic
es su
ch a
s th
e co
nser
vatio
n of
soil,
air
and
wat
er q
ualit
y,
carb
on, b
iolo
gica
l div
ersit
y, w
ildlif
e an
d aq
uatic
ha
bita
ts, r
ecre
ation
and
aes
theti
cs.
Obj
ectiv
e 1.
For
est M
anag
emen
t Pla
nnin
gTo
ens
ure
fore
st m
anag
emen
t pla
ns in
clud
e lo
ng-te
rm su
stai
nabl
e ha
rves
t lev
els a
nd m
ea-
sure
s to
avoi
d fo
rest
con
vers
ion.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
1.1
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all e
nsur
e th
at fo
rest
man
agem
ent p
lans
in-
clud
e lo
ng-t
erm
har
vest
leve
ls th
at a
re su
stai
n-ab
le a
nd c
onsis
tent
with
app
ropr
iate
gro
wth
-an
d yi
eld
mod
els.
18
Ele
ments
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
mana
gem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
2. R
efor
esta
tion
man
agem
ent
Follo
win
g th
e ha
rves
ting
of tr
ees
from
nat
ural
fo
rest
, eith
er s
elec
tivel
y or
thro
ugh
clea
rcut
ting,
re
fore
stat
ion
is a
cru
cial
st
ep in
pro
mot
ing
the
sust
aina
bilit
y of
the
fore
st
reso
urce
bas
e.
Crite
rion
2 —
Eco
syst
em c
ondi
tion
and
prod
uctiv
ityCo
nser
ve fo
rest
eco
syst
em c
ondi
tion
and
prod
uctiv
ity b
y m
aint
aini
ng th
e he
alth
, vi
talit
y, a
nd ra
tes o
f bio
logi
cal p
rodu
ction
.
Elem
ent 2
.1 —
For
est e
cosy
stem
co
nditi
on a
nd p
rodu
ctivi
tyCo
nser
ve fo
rest
eco
syst
em p
rodu
ctivi
ty
and
prod
uctiv
e ca
paci
ty b
y m
aint
aini
ng
ecos
yste
m c
ondi
tions
that
are
cap
able
of
supp
ortin
g na
tura
lly o
ccur
ring
spec
ies.
Re
fore
st p
rom
ptly
and
use
tree
spec
ies
ecol
ogic
ally
suite
d to
the
site.
PRIN
CIPL
E 10
: IM
PLEM
ENTA
TIO
N O
F M
ANAG
EMEN
T AC
TIVI
TIES
Man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties c
ondu
cted
by
or
for T
he O
rgan
izatio
n fo
r the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t sha
ll be
sele
cted
and
impl
emen
ted
cons
isten
t with
The
Org
aniza
tion’
s ec
onom
ic, e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd so
cial
po
licie
s and
obj
ectiv
es a
nd in
com
plia
nce
with
the
Prin
cipl
es a
nd C
riter
ia
colle
ctive
ly.
Crite
rion
10.1
Afte
r har
vest
or i
n ac
cord
ance
with
the
man
agem
ent
plan
, The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l, by
nat
ural
or
arti
ficia
l reg
ener
ation
met
hods
, re
gene
rate
veg
etati
on c
over
in a
tim
ely
fash
ion
to p
re-h
arve
sting
or m
ore
natu
ral
cond
ition
s.
Prin
cipl
e 2.
For
est P
rodu
ctivi
ty a
nd H
ealth
To p
rovi
de fo
r reg
ener
ation
afte
r har
vest
an
d m
aint
ain
the
prod
uctiv
e ca
paci
ty o
f the
fo
rest
land
bas
e, a
nd to
pro
tect
and
mai
ntai
n lo
ng-te
rm fo
rest
and
soil
prod
uctiv
ity. I
n ad
ditio
n, to
pro
tect
fore
sts f
rom
eco
nom
ical
ly
or e
nviro
nmen
tally
und
esira
ble
leve
ls of
w
ildfir
e, p
ests
, dise
ases
, inv
asiv
e ex
otic
plan
ts
and
anim
als,
and
oth
er d
amag
ing
agen
ts a
nd
thus
mai
ntai
n an
d im
prov
e lo
ng-te
rm fo
rest
he
alth
and
pro
ducti
vity
.
Obj
ectiv
e 2.
For
est H
ealth
and
Pro
ducti
vity
To e
nsur
e lo
ng-te
rm fo
rest
pro
ducti
vity
, car
bon
stor
age
and
cons
erva
tion
of fo
rest
reso
urce
s th
roug
h pr
ompt
refo
rest
ation
, affo
rest
ation
, m
inim
ized
chem
ical
use
, soi
l con
serv
ation
, and
pr
otec
ting
fore
sts f
rom
dam
agin
g ag
ents
.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
2.1
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all p
rom
ptly
refo
rest
afte
r fina
l har
vest
.
19
Ele
ments
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
3. C
lear
cutt
ing
Clea
rcut
ting
is a
n ap
prop
riate
rege
nera
tion
felli
ng m
etho
d fo
r for
est
stan
ds w
here
ligh
t de
man
ding
spe
cies
ar
e co
mm
on e
.g. i
n bo
real
clim
ate
zone
s. O
n th
e ot
her h
and,
sh
ade
tole
rant
fir o
r ha
rdw
ood
stan
ds s
houl
d be
rege
nera
ted
with
se
lect
ive
harv
estin
g.
Crite
rion
1 —
Bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
Cons
erve
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
by
mai
ntai
ning
inte
grity
, fun
ction
, and
di
vers
ity o
f liv
ing
orga
nism
s and
the
com
plex
es o
f whi
ch th
ey a
re p
art,
incl
udin
g ec
olog
ical
ele
men
ts th
at
cont
ribut
e to
cul
tura
l val
ues.
The
publ
ic p
artic
ipati
on p
roce
ss sh
all
incl
ude
disc
ussio
n of
the
follo
win
g to
pics
:[…
]•
man
agem
ent i
n th
e co
ntex
t of n
atur
al
dist
urba
nce
regi
mes
and
patt
erns
and
the
rang
e of
nat
ural
varia
tion;
[…]
• sil
vicu
ltura
l reg
imes
and
pra
ctice
s suc
h as
inte
grat
ed p
est m
anag
emen
t and
pe
stici
de u
se, s
truc
tura
lre
tenti
on, a
nd ti
mbe
r har
vest
pra
ctice
s (in
clud
ing
clea
r-cutti
ng);
PRIN
CIPL
E 6:
EN
VIRO
NM
ENTA
L VA
LUES
AN
D IM
PACT
STh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all m
aint
ain,
con
serv
e an
d/or
rest
ore
ecos
yste
m se
rvic
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues o
f the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t, an
d sh
all a
void
, rep
air o
r miti
gate
ne
gativ
e en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts.
Crite
rion
6.8
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l m
anag
e th
e la
ndsc
ape
in th
e M
anag
emen
t U
nit t
o m
aint
ain
and/
or re
stor
e a
vary
ing
mos
aic
of sp
ecie
s, si
zes,
age
s, sp
atial
sc
ales
and
rege
nera
tion
cycl
es a
ppro
pria
te
for t
he la
ndsc
ape
valu
es in
that
regi
on,
and
for e
nhan
cing
env
ironm
enta
l and
ec
onom
ic re
silie
nce.
Indi
cato
r 6.8
.3 B
ased
on
the
anal
yses
un
dert
aken
for I
ndic
ator
s 6.1
.3 a
nd
6.1.
4, ta
rget
s are
iden
tified
for t
he si
ze
dist
ributi
on o
f for
est p
atch
es to
mai
ntai
n,
rest
ore,
or e
nhan
ce th
e co
nditi
on o
f th
e fo
rest
as a
ppro
pria
te to
the
regi
onal
co
ntex
t. Th
e ta
rget
s also
take
into
acc
ount
th
e ne
eds o
f spe
cies
at r
isk*
that
requ
ire
larg
e ar
eas o
f con
tiguo
us h
abita
t.
Obj
ectiv
e 5.
Man
agem
ent o
f Visu
al Q
ualit
y an
d Re
crea
tiona
l Ben
efits
To m
anag
e th
e vi
sual
impa
ct o
f for
est
oper
ation
s and
pro
vide
recr
eatio
nal
oppo
rtun
ities
for t
he p
ublic
.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
5.2
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all m
anag
e th
e siz
e, sh
ape
and
plac
emen
t of
clea
rcut
har
vest
s.
Indi
cato
rs:
1. A
vera
ge si
ze o
f cle
arcu
t har
vest
are
as
does
not
exc
eed
120
acre
s (50
hec
tare
s),
exce
pt w
hen
nece
ssar
y to
mee
t reg
ulat
ory
requ
irem
ents
, ach
ieve
eco
logi
cal o
bjec
tives
, or
resp
ond
to fo
rest
hea
lth e
mer
genc
ies o
r oth
er
natu
ral c
atas
trop
hes.
20
Ele
ments
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
4. F
ores
t con
vers
ion
The
conv
ersi
on o
f nat
ural
fo
rest
to n
on-fo
rest
use
s or
to a
noth
er fo
rest
ty
pe is
oft
en d
riven
by
econ
omic
just
ifica
tions
an
d ca
n so
met
imes
sp
ark
publ
ic p
rote
sts
due
to th
e po
ssib
le lo
ss o
f bi
odiv
ersi
ty o
r wild
life
habi
tats
and
the
incr
ease
of
car
bon
emis
sion
s.
Crite
rion
4 —
Rol
e in
glo
bal e
colo
gica
l cy
cles
Mai
ntai
n fo
rest
con
ditio
ns a
nd
man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties t
hat c
ontr
ibut
e to
th
e he
alth
of g
loba
l eco
logi
cal c
ycle
s.
Elem
ent 4
.2 —
For
est l
and
conv
ersio
nPr
otec
t for
est l
ands
from
def
ores
tatio
n.
Enco
urag
e aff
ores
tatio
n w
here
ec
olog
ical
ly a
ppro
pria
te.
PRIN
CIPL
E 6:
EN
VIRO
NM
ENTA
L VA
LUES
AN
D IM
PACT
STh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all m
aint
ain,
con
serv
e an
d/or
rest
ore
ecos
yste
m se
rvic
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues o
f the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t*, a
nd sh
all a
void
, rep
air o
r miti
gate
ne
gativ
e en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts.
Crite
rion
6.9
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l not
co
nver
t nat
ural
fore
st to
pla
ntati
ons,
nor
na
tura
l for
ests
or p
lant
ation
s on
sites
di
rect
ly c
onve
rted
from
nat
ural
fore
st
to n
on-fo
rest
land
use
, exc
ept w
hen
the
conv
ersio
n:a.
Affe
cts a
ver
y lim
ited
porti
on o
f the
ar
ea o
f the
Man
agem
ent U
nit,
and
b. W
ill p
rodu
ce c
lear
, sub
stan
tial,
addi
tiona
l, se
cure
long
-erm
con
serv
ation
be
nefit
s in
the
Man
agem
ent U
nit,
and
c. D
oes n
ot d
amag
e or
thre
aten
Hig
h Co
nser
vatio
n Va
lues
, nor
any
site
s or
reso
urce
s nec
essa
ry to
mai
ntai
n or
en
hanc
e th
ose
High
Con
serv
ation
Val
ues.
Obj
ectiv
e 1.
For
est M
anag
emen
t Pla
nnin
gTo
ens
ure
fore
st m
anag
emen
t pla
ns in
clud
e lo
ng-te
rm su
stai
nabl
e ha
rves
t lev
els a
nd
mea
sure
s to
avoi
d fo
rest
con
vers
ion.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
1.2
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all n
ot c
onve
rt o
ne fo
rest
cov
er ty
pe to
an
othe
r for
est c
over
type
, unl
ess i
n ju
stifie
d ci
rcum
stan
ces.
Indi
cato
rs:
1. P
rogr
am P
artic
ipan
ts sh
all n
ot c
onve
rt o
ne
fore
st c
over
type
to a
noth
er fo
rest
cov
er ty
pe,
unle
ss th
e co
nver
sion:
a. Is
in c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith re
leva
nt n
ation
al a
nd
regi
onal
pol
icy
and
legi
slatio
n re
late
d to
land
us
e an
d fo
rest
man
agem
ent;
and
b. W
ould
not
con
vert
nati
ve fo
rest
type
s tha
t ar
e ra
re a
nd e
colo
gica
lly si
gnifi
cant
at t
he
land
scap
e le
vel o
r put
any
nati
ve fo
rest
type
s at
risk
of b
ecom
ing
rare
; and
c. D
oes n
ot c
reat
e sig
nific
ant l
ong-
term
ad
vers
e im
pact
s on
Fore
sts w
ith E
xcep
tiona
l Co
nser
vatio
n Va
lue,
old
-gro
wth
fore
sts,
fore
sts
criti
cal t
o th
reat
ened
and
end
ange
red
spec
ies,
an
d sp
ecia
l site
s.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
1.3
. Pro
gram
Pa
rtici
pant
s sha
ll no
t hav
e w
ithin
the
scop
e of
thei
r cer
tifica
tion
to th
is SF
I St
anda
rd, f
ores
t lan
ds th
at h
ave
been
co
nver
ted
to n
on-fo
rest
land
use
.
Indi
cato
r:1.
For
est l
ands
con
vert
ed to
oth
er la
nd u
ses
shal
l not
be
certi
fied
to th
is SF
I Sta
ndar
d. T
his
does
not
app
ly to
fore
st la
nds u
sed
for f
ores
t an
d w
ildlif
e m
anag
emen
t suc
h as
wild
life
food
pl
ots o
r inf
rast
ruct
ure
such
as f
ores
t roa
ds, l
og
proc
essin
g ar
eas,
trai
ls et
c.
21
Ele
ments
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
manag
em
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
4. F
ores
t con
vers
ion
The
conv
ersi
on o
f nat
ural
fo
rest
to n
on-fo
rest
use
s or
to a
noth
er fo
rest
ty
pe is
oft
en d
riven
by
econ
omic
just
ifica
tions
an
d ca
n so
met
imes
sp
ark
publ
ic p
rote
sts
due
to th
e po
ssib
le lo
ss o
f bi
odiv
ersi
ty o
r wild
life
habi
tats
and
the
incr
ease
of
car
bon
emis
sion
s.
Crite
rion
4 —
Rol
e in
glo
bal e
colo
gica
l cy
cles
Mai
ntai
n fo
rest
con
ditio
ns a
nd
man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties t
hat c
ontr
ibut
e to
th
e he
alth
of g
loba
l eco
logi
cal c
ycle
s.
Elem
ent 4
.2 —
For
est l
and
conv
ersio
nPr
otec
t for
est l
ands
from
def
ores
tatio
n.
Enco
urag
e aff
ores
tatio
n w
here
ec
olog
ical
ly a
ppro
pria
te.
PRIN
CIPL
E 6:
EN
VIRO
NM
ENTA
L VA
LUES
AN
D IM
PACT
STh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all m
aint
ain,
con
serv
e an
d/or
rest
ore
ecos
yste
m se
rvic
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues o
f the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t*, a
nd sh
all a
void
, rep
air o
r miti
gate
ne
gativ
e en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts.
Crite
rion
6.9
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l not
co
nver
t nat
ural
fore
st to
pla
ntati
ons,
nor
na
tura
l for
ests
or p
lant
ation
s on
sites
di
rect
ly c
onve
rted
from
nat
ural
fore
st
to n
on-fo
rest
land
use
, exc
ept w
hen
the
conv
ersio
n:a.
Affe
cts a
ver
y lim
ited
porti
on o
f the
ar
ea o
f the
Man
agem
ent U
nit,
and
b. W
ill p
rodu
ce c
lear
, sub
stan
tial,
addi
tiona
l, se
cure
long
-erm
con
serv
ation
be
nefit
s in
the
Man
agem
ent U
nit,
and
c. D
oes n
ot d
amag
e or
thre
aten
Hig
h Co
nser
vatio
n Va
lues
, nor
any
site
s or
reso
urce
s nec
essa
ry to
mai
ntai
n or
en
hanc
e th
ose
High
Con
serv
ation
Val
ues.
Obj
ectiv
e 1.
For
est M
anag
emen
t Pla
nnin
gTo
ens
ure
fore
st m
anag
emen
t pla
ns in
clud
e lo
ng-te
rm su
stai
nabl
e ha
rves
t lev
els a
nd
mea
sure
s to
avoi
d fo
rest
con
vers
ion.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
1.2
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all n
ot c
onve
rt o
ne fo
rest
cov
er ty
pe to
an
othe
r for
est c
over
type
, unl
ess i
n ju
stifie
d ci
rcum
stan
ces.
Indi
cato
rs:
1. P
rogr
am P
artic
ipan
ts sh
all n
ot c
onve
rt o
ne
fore
st c
over
type
to a
noth
er fo
rest
cov
er ty
pe,
unle
ss th
e co
nver
sion:
a. Is
in c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith re
leva
nt n
ation
al a
nd
regi
onal
pol
icy
and
legi
slatio
n re
late
d to
land
us
e an
d fo
rest
man
agem
ent;
and
b. W
ould
not
con
vert
nati
ve fo
rest
type
s tha
t ar
e ra
re a
nd e
colo
gica
lly si
gnifi
cant
at t
he
land
scap
e le
vel o
r put
any
nati
ve fo
rest
type
s at
risk
of b
ecom
ing
rare
; and
c. D
oes n
ot c
reat
e sig
nific
ant l
ong-
term
ad
vers
e im
pact
s on
Fore
sts w
ith E
xcep
tiona
l Co
nser
vatio
n Va
lue,
old
-gro
wth
fore
sts,
fore
sts
criti
cal t
o th
reat
ened
and
end
ange
red
spec
ies,
an
d sp
ecia
l site
s.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
1.3
. Pro
gram
Pa
rtici
pant
s sha
ll no
t hav
e w
ithin
the
scop
e of
thei
r cer
tifica
tion
to th
is SF
I St
anda
rd, f
ores
t lan
ds th
at h
ave
been
co
nver
ted
to n
on-fo
rest
land
use
.
Indi
cato
r:1.
For
est l
ands
con
vert
ed to
oth
er la
nd u
ses
shal
l not
be
certi
fied
to th
is SF
I Sta
ndar
d. T
his
does
not
app
ly to
fore
st la
nds u
sed
for f
ores
t an
d w
ildlif
e m
anag
emen
t suc
h as
wild
life
food
pl
ots o
r inf
rast
ruct
ure
such
as f
ores
t roa
ds, l
og
proc
essin
g ar
eas,
trai
ls et
c.
Ele
me
nts
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
5. P
lant
atio
ns
Plan
tatio
ns a
re a
n im
port
ant s
ourc
e of
ce
rtifi
ed w
ood
and
fibre
in m
any
coun
trie
s, bu
t the
ir m
anag
emen
t re
quire
men
ts o
ften
diff
er
from
nat
ural
fore
sts
and
are
som
etim
es
cons
ider
ed a
gric
ultu
re
activ
ities
rath
er th
an
fore
stry
. Non
ethe
less
th
e co
nver
sion
of f
ores
ts
to p
lant
atio
ns is
an
impo
rtan
t iss
ue in
man
y of
the
natio
nal s
tand
ards
.
Crite
rion
1 —
Bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
Cons
erve
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
by
mai
ntai
ning
inte
grity
, fun
ction
, and
di
vers
ity o
f liv
ing
orga
nism
s and
the
com
plex
es o
f whi
ch th
ey a
re p
art,
incl
udin
g ec
olog
ical
ele
men
ts th
at
cont
ribut
e to
cul
tura
l val
ues.
Elem
ent 1
.1 —
Eco
syst
em d
iver
sity
Cons
erve
eco
syst
em d
iver
sity
at th
e st
and
and
land
scap
e le
vels
by m
aint
aini
ng th
e va
riety
of c
omm
uniti
es a
nd e
cosy
stem
s th
at n
atur
ally
occ
ur in
the
DFA.
Est
ablis
h fo
rest
pla
ntati
ons o
nly
in a
ffore
stati
on
proj
ects
.
PRIN
CIPL
E 6:
EN
VIRO
NM
ENTA
L VA
LUES
AN
D IM
PACT
STh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all m
aint
ain,
con
serv
e an
d/or
rest
ore
ecos
yste
m se
rvic
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues o
f the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t, an
d sh
all a
void
, rep
air o
r miti
gate
ne
gativ
e en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts.
Crite
rion
6.9
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l not
co
nver
t nat
ural
fore
st to
pla
ntati
ons,
nor
na
tura
l for
ests
or p
lant
ation
s on
sites
di
rect
ly c
onve
rted
from
nat
ural
fore
st
to n
on-fo
rest
land
use
, exc
ept w
hen
the
conv
ersio
n:a.
Affe
cts a
ver
y lim
ited
porti
on o
f the
ar
ea o
f the
Man
agem
ent U
nit,
and
b. W
ill p
rodu
ce c
lear
, sub
stan
tial,
addi
tiona
l, se
cure
long
-term
*con
serv
ation
be
nefit
s in
the
Man
agem
ent U
nit,
and
c. D
oes n
ot d
amag
e or
thre
aten
Hig
h Co
nser
vatio
n Va
lues
, nor
any
site
s or
reso
urce
s nec
essa
ry to
mai
ntai
n or
en
hanc
e th
ose
High
Con
serv
ation
Val
ues.
SFI G
uida
nce
(Sec
tion
6)Th
e SF
I 201
5-20
19 F
ores
t Man
agem
ent
Stan
dard
and
SFI
201
5-20
19 F
iber
Sou
rcin
g St
anda
rds a
re in
tend
ed to
app
ly to
fore
st
man
agem
ent s
yste
ms t
hat a
re c
lass
ified
as
natu
ral f
ores
t sys
tem
s, m
anag
ed n
atur
al fo
rest
s an
d pl
anta
tion
fore
sts.
22
Ele
me
nts
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
6. F
ores
t ris
k an
d pr
oduc
tivity
m
anag
emen
t (fir
e, in
sect
, di
seas
e)
Sust
aina
ble
fore
st
man
agem
ent i
s pr
edic
ated
on
the
mai
nten
ance
of f
ores
t re
sour
ces.
The
varie
d ge
ogra
phy
mea
ns th
at
the
risks
– s
uch
as fi
re,
inse
cts
and
dise
ase
– ar
e di
ffere
nt fo
r eac
h an
d th
eref
ore
stan
dard
s ar
e ad
apte
d to
the
prio
rity
risks
that
are
mos
t lik
ely
pres
ent i
n th
e ar
ea.
Crite
rion
2 —
Eco
syst
em c
ondi
tion
and
prod
uctiv
ityCo
nser
ve fo
rest
eco
syst
em c
ondi
tion
and
prod
uctiv
ity b
y m
aint
aini
ng th
e he
alth
, vi
talit
y, a
nd ra
tes o
f bio
logi
cal p
rodu
ction
.
Elem
ent 2
.1 —
For
est e
cosy
stem
co
nditi
on a
nd p
rodu
ctivi
tyCo
nser
ve fo
rest
eco
syst
em p
rodu
ctivi
ty
and
prod
uctiv
e ca
paci
ty b
y m
aint
aini
ng
ecos
yste
m c
ondi
tions
that
are
cap
able
of
supp
ortin
g na
tura
lly o
ccur
ring
spec
ies.
Re
fore
st p
rom
ptly
and
use
tree
spec
ies
ecol
ogic
ally
suite
d to
the
site.
Crite
rion
1 —
Bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
Cons
erve
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
by
mai
ntai
ning
inte
grity
, fun
ction
, and
di
vers
ity o
f liv
ing
orga
nism
s and
the
com
plex
es o
f whi
ch th
ey a
re p
art,
incl
udin
g ec
olog
ical
ele
men
ts th
at
cont
ribut
e to
cul
tura
l val
ues.
The
publ
ic p
artic
ipati
on p
roce
ss sh
all
incl
ude
disc
ussio
n of
the
follo
win
g to
pics
:[…
]•
man
agem
ent i
n th
e co
ntex
t of n
atur
al
dist
urba
nce
regi
mes
and
patt
erns
and
the
rang
e of
nat
ural
var
iatio
n;[…
]•
silvi
cultu
ral r
egim
es a
nd p
racti
ces s
uch
as in
tegr
ated
pes
t man
agem
ent a
nd
pesti
cide
use
, str
uctu
ral r
eten
tion,
and
tim
ber h
arve
st p
racti
ces (
incl
udin
g cl
ear-
cutti
ng).
PRIN
CIPL
E 10
: IM
PLEM
ENTA
TIO
N O
F M
ANAG
EMEN
T AC
TIVI
TIES
Man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties c
ondu
cted
by
or
for T
he O
rgan
izatio
n fo
r the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t sha
ll be
sele
cted
and
impl
emen
ted
cons
isten
t with
The
Org
aniza
tion’
s ec
onom
ic, e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd so
cial
po
licie
s and
obj
ectiv
es a
nd in
com
plia
nce
with
the
Prin
cipl
es a
nd C
riter
ia
colle
ctive
ly.
Crite
rion
10.9
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l as
sess
risk
s and
impl
emen
t acti
vitie
s tha
t re
duce
pot
entia
l neg
ative
impa
cts f
rom
na
tura
l haz
ards
pro
porti
onat
e to
scal
e,
inte
nsity
, and
risk
.
INTE
NT
BOX
Exam
ples
of n
atur
al h
azar
ds m
ay in
clud
e dr
ough
ts, fl
oods
, fire
s, la
ndsli
des,
st
orm
s, in
sect
s or d
iseas
es o
utbr
eaks
and
av
alan
che.
Prin
cipl
e 2.
For
est P
rodu
ctivi
ty a
nd H
ealth
To p
rovi
de fo
r reg
ener
ation
afte
r har
vest
an
d m
aint
ain
the
prod
uctiv
e ca
paci
ty o
f the
fo
rest
land
bas
e, a
nd to
pro
tect
and
mai
ntai
n lo
ngte
rm fo
rest
and
soil
prod
uctiv
ity. I
n ad
ditio
n, to
pro
tect
fore
sts f
rom
eco
nom
ical
ly
or e
nviro
nmen
tally
und
esira
ble
leve
ls of
w
ildfir
e, p
ests
, dise
ases
, inv
asiv
e ex
otic
plan
ts
and
anim
als,
and
oth
er d
amag
ing
agen
ts a
nd
thus
mai
ntai
n an
d im
prov
e lo
ng-te
rm fo
rest
he
alth
and
pro
ducti
vity
.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
2.4
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all m
anag
e so
as t
o pr
otec
t for
ests
from
da
mag
ing
agen
ts, s
uch
as e
nviro
nmen
tally
or
eco
nom
ical
ly u
ndes
irabl
e w
ildfir
e, p
ests
, di
seas
es, a
nd in
vasiv
e ex
otic
plan
ts a
nd a
nim
als,
to
mai
ntai
n an
d im
prov
e lo
ng-te
rm fo
rest
he
alth
, pro
ducti
vity
and
eco
nom
ic v
iabi
lity
23
Ele
ments
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
7. Il
lega
l-log
ging
av
oida
nce
Illeg
al lo
ggin
g is
re
spon
sibl
e fo
r sig
nific
ant
carb
on e
mis
sion
s an
d lo
st re
venu
es a
roun
d th
e w
orld
– p
artic
ular
ly in
de
velo
ping
eco
nom
ies.
Two
maj
or to
pics
are
re
gula
ted
by la
w a
nd
the
stan
dard
s in
the
juris
dict
ions
stu
died
; the
ill
egal
har
vest
ing
of tr
ees
and
the
impo
rt/t
rade
of
illeg
ally
har
vest
ed w
ood.
Righ
ts a
nd re
gula
tions
The
orga
niza
tion
shal
la)
resp
ect t
he le
gal r
ight
s and
re
spon
sibili
ties o
f oth
er p
artie
s in
the
DFA;
b) d
emon
stra
te th
at re
leva
nt le
gisla
tion
and
regu
lato
ry re
quire
men
ts re
latin
g to
ow
ners
hip,
tenu
re,
right
s, a
nd re
spon
sibili
ties i
n th
e DF
A ha
ve
been
iden
tified
and
com
plie
d w
ith;
c) d
emon
stra
te th
at th
e le
gal a
nd
cons
tituti
onal
righ
ts re
leva
nt to
SFM
(in
clud
ing
thos
e sp
ecifi
ed in
the
Inte
rnati
onal
Lab
our O
rgan
izatio
n [IL
O] C
onve
ntion
s and
Rec
omm
enda
tions
to
whi
ch C
anad
a is
a sig
nato
ry [s
uch
as “
Free
dom
of
Asso
ciati
on”
and
“Pro
tecti
on o
f the
Rig
ht
to O
rgan
ize”]
) and
the
heal
th a
nd sa
fety
of D
FA-r
elat
ed w
orke
rs
are
resp
ecte
d, a
nd th
eir c
ontr
ibuti
ons t
o SF
M a
re e
ncou
rage
d;d)
dem
onst
rate
that
the
acqu
ired
and
lega
l rig
hts o
f priv
ate
woo
dlot
ow
ners
to
set t
he v
alue
s,ob
jecti
ves,
indi
cato
rs, a
nd ta
rget
s rel
ating
to
thei
r pro
perti
es a
re re
spec
ted;
and
e) e
stab
lish
and
mai
ntai
n pr
oced
ures
to
iden
tify
and
have
acc
ess t
o al
l leg
al a
nd
othe
r req
uire
men
tsto
whi
ch th
e or
gani
zatio
n su
bscr
ibes
that
ar
e ap
plic
able
to th
e DF
A. T
his i
nclu
des
requ
irem
ents
rela
ted
to o
wne
rshi
p te
nure
, rig
hts,
and
re
spon
sibili
ties i
n th
e DF
A.
PRIN
CIPL
E 1:
CO
MPL
IAN
CE W
ITH
LAW
STh
e O
rgan
izatio
nsha
ll co
mpl
y w
ith a
ll ap
plic
able
law
s, re
gula
tions
and
nati
onal
ly
ratifi
ed in
tern
ation
al tr
eatie
s, c
onve
ntion
s an
d ag
reem
ents
.
Crite
rion
1.4
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l de
velo
p an
d im
plem
ent m
easu
res,
and
/or
shal
l eng
age
with
regu
lato
ry a
genc
ies,
to
syst
emati
cally
pro
tect
the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t fro
m u
naut
horiz
ed o
r ille
gal r
esou
rce
use,
sett
lem
ent a
nd o
ther
ille
gal a
ctivi
ties.
Requ
irem
ents
for S
ourc
ing
FSC
Cont
rolle
d W
ood
The
five
FSC
cont
rolle
d w
ood
cate
gorie
s of
una
ccep
tabl
e so
urce
s (re
ferr
ed to
as
cont
rolle
d w
ood
cate
gorie
s) a
re:
1) Il
lega
lly h
arve
sted
woo
d;[…
]1.
5 Th
e or
gani
zatio
n sh
all o
nly
use
mat
eria
l as c
ontr
olle
d m
ater
ial o
r sel
l m
ater
ial w
ith th
e FS
C Co
ntro
lled
Woo
d cl
aim
3 if
it is
in c
onfo
rmity
with
the
requ
irem
ents
of t
his s
tand
ard,
con
firm
ed
thro
ugh
the
due
dilig
ence
syst
em (D
DS).
Prin
cipl
e 8.
Leg
al C
ompl
ianc
eTo
com
ply
with
app
licab
le fe
dera
l, pr
ovin
cial
, st
ate
and
loca
l for
estr
y an
d re
late
d en
viro
nmen
tal l
aws,
stat
utes
and
regu
latio
ns.
Obj
ectiv
e 9.
Leg
al a
nd R
egul
ator
y Co
mpl
ianc
eTo
com
ply
with
app
licab
le fe
dera
l, pr
ovin
cial
, st
ate,
and
loca
l law
san
d re
gula
tions
.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
9.1
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all c
ompl
y w
ith a
pplic
able
fede
ral,
prov
inci
al,
stat
e an
d lo
cal f
ores
try
and
rela
ted
soci
al a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l law
s and
regu
latio
ns.
SFI 2
015-
2019
Fib
er S
ourc
ing
Stan
dard
Obj
ectiv
e 12
. Avo
idan
ce o
f Con
trov
ersia
l So
urce
s inc
ludi
ng Il
lega
l Log
ging
To a
void
ille
gal l
oggi
ng in
fibe
r sou
rcin
g pr
ogra
ms.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
12.
1. P
rogr
am
Parti
cipa
nts s
hall
ensu
re th
at th
eir fi
ber
sour
cing
pro
gram
s sup
port
the
prin
cipl
es o
f su
stai
nabl
e fo
rest
ry, i
nclu
ding
effo
rts t
o re
duce
th
e ris
k of
ille
gal l
oggi
ng.
24
PEFC
Cha
in o
f Cus
tody
of F
ores
t Bas
ed
Prod
ucts
- Re
quire
men
ts
5.6.
2 Ti
mbe
r kno
wn
or re
ason
ably
su
spec
ted
as c
omin
g fr
om il
lega
l sou
rces
(c
ontr
over
sial s
ourc
es 3
.9(a
) or (
b)) s
hall
not b
e pr
oces
sed
and,
shal
l not
be
trad
ed
and/
or sh
all n
ot b
e pl
aced
on
the
mar
ket
unle
ss a
ppro
pria
te d
ocum
ente
d ev
iden
ce
has b
een
prov
ided
and
ver
ified
whi
ch
allo
ws t
he ti
mbe
r sup
plie
d to
be
clas
sified
as
pre
senti
ng “
negl
igib
le ri
sk”.
Chai
n-of
-cus
tody
stan
dard
The
Org
aniza
tion’
s Due
Dili
genc
e Sy
stem
shal
l:[…
]4.
3.2
Cond
uct a
risk
ass
essm
ent o
f sou
rcin
g fo
rest
-bas
ed p
rodu
cts f
rom
ille
gal l
oggi
ng
4.4
Impl
emen
ting
a Pr
ogra
m to
Add
ress
Risk
Whe
re th
e ris
k as
sess
men
t con
duct
ed u
nder
4.
3 de
term
ines
oth
er th
an lo
w ri
sk, t
he
orga
niza
tion
shal
l im
plem
ent a
pro
gram
to
miti
gate
such
risk
and
requ
ire a
sign
ed c
ontr
act
and/
or se
lf-de
clar
ation
that
the
supp
lied
fore
st-b
ased
pro
duct
doe
s not
orig
inat
e fr
om
cont
rove
rsia
l sou
rces
.
25
Ele
me
nts
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
8. W
ildlif
e ha
bita
t m
anag
emen
t
The
conc
ept o
f wild
life
that
trad
ition
ally
refe
rs
to n
on-d
omes
ticat
ed
anim
al s
peci
es, h
as c
ome
to in
clud
e al
l ani
mal
, pl
ant,
fung
i and
oth
er
orga
nism
s th
at g
row
or
live
wild
in a
n ar
ea
with
out b
eing
intr
oduc
ed
by h
uman
s.
Crite
rion
1 —
Bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
Cons
erve
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
by
mai
ntai
ning
inte
grity
, fun
ction
, and
di
vers
ity o
f liv
ing
orga
nism
s and
the
com
plex
es o
f whi
ch th
ey a
re p
art,
incl
udin
g ec
olog
ical
ele
men
ts th
at
cont
ribut
e to
cul
tura
l val
ues.
Elem
ent 1
.1 —
Eco
syst
em d
iver
sity
Cons
erve
eco
syst
em d
iver
sity
at th
e st
and
and
land
scap
e le
vels
by m
aint
aini
ng th
e va
riety
of c
omm
uniti
es a
nd e
cosy
stem
s th
at n
atur
ally
occ
ur in
the
DFA.
Est
ablis
h fo
rest
pla
ntati
ons o
nly
in a
ffore
stati
on
proj
ects
.
Elem
ent 1
.3 —
Gen
etic
dive
rsity
Cons
erve
gen
etic
dive
rsity
by
mai
ntai
ning
th
e va
riatio
n of
gen
es w
ithin
spec
ies a
nd
ensu
ring
that
refo
rest
ation
pro
gram
s are
fr
ee o
f gen
etica
lly e
ngin
eere
d tr
ees.
Elem
ent 1
.4 —
Pro
tect
ed a
reas
and
site
s of
spec
ial b
iolo
gica
l, ge
olog
ical
,he
ritag
e, o
r cul
tura
l sig
nific
ance
Resp
ect p
rote
cted
are
as id
entifi
ed
thro
ugh
gove
rnm
ent p
roce
sses
. Co
-ope
rate
in b
road
er la
ndsc
ape
man
agem
ent r
elat
ed to
pro
tect
ed a
reas
an
d sit
es o
f spe
cial
bio
logi
cal o
r cul
tura
l sig
nific
ance
.
PRIN
CIPL
E 6:
EN
VIRO
NM
ENTA
L VA
LUES
AN
D IM
PACT
STh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all m
aint
ain,
con
serv
e an
d/or
rest
ore
ecos
yste
m se
rvic
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues o
f the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t, an
d sh
all a
void
, rep
air o
r miti
gate
ne
gativ
e en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts.
6.5
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l ide
ntify
and
pr
otec
t rep
rese
ntati
ve sa
mpl
e ar
eas o
f na
tive
ecos
yste
ms a
nd/o
r res
tore
them
to
mor
e na
tura
l con
ditio
ns. W
here
re
pres
enta
tive
sam
ple
area
s do
not e
xist
or
are
insu
ffici
ent,
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l re
stor
e a
prop
ortio
n of
the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t to
mor
e na
tura
l con
ditio
ns. T
he si
ze
of th
e ar
eas a
nd th
e m
easu
res t
aken
for
thei
r pro
tecti
on o
r res
tora
tion
incl
udin
g w
ithin
pla
ntati
ons,
shal
l be
prop
ortio
nate
to
the
cons
erva
tion
stat
us a
nd v
alue
of t
he
ecos
yste
ms a
t the
land
scap
e le
vel,
and
the
scal
e, in
tens
ity a
nd ri
sk o
f man
agem
ent
activ
ities
.
Prin
cipl
e 4.
Pro
tecti
on o
f Bio
logi
cal D
iver
sity
To m
anag
e fo
rest
s in
way
s tha
t pro
tect
and
pr
omot
e bi
olog
ical
div
ersit
y, in
clud
ing
anim
al
and
plan
t spe
cies
, wild
life
habi
tats
, and
ec
olog
ical
or n
atur
al c
omm
unity
type
s.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
4.1
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all c
onse
rve
biol
ogic
al d
iver
sity.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
4.2
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all p
rote
ct th
reat
ened
and
end
ange
red
spec
ies,
For
ests
with
Exc
eptio
nal C
onse
rvati
on
Valu
es (F
ECV)
and
old
-gro
wth
fore
sts.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
4.3
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all m
anag
e ec
olog
ical
ly im
port
ant s
ites i
n a
man
ner t
hat t
akes
into
acc
ount
thei
r uni
que
qual
ities
.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
4.4
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all a
pply
kno
wle
dge
gain
ed th
roug
h re
sear
ch,
scie
nce,
tech
nolo
gy a
nd fi
eld
expe
rienc
e to
m
anag
e w
ildlif
e ha
bita
t and
con
trib
ute
to th
e co
nser
vatio
n of
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity.
26
Ele
ments
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
9. S
peci
es m
anag
emen
t (in
clud
ing
enda
nger
ed
spec
ies
and
spec
ies
at
risk)
Fore
sts
are
hom
e to
muc
h of
the
biod
iver
sity
. The
pr
otec
tion
of e
ndan
gere
d sp
ecie
s, in
clud
ing
both
flo
ra a
nd fa
una,
ther
efor
e re
quire
s ac
tions
by
fore
st
man
ager
s to
pro
tect
ha
bita
ts a
nd p
reve
nt
dam
age
by fo
rest
ry
oper
atio
ns.
Crite
rion
1 —
Bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
Cons
erve
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
by
mai
ntai
ning
inte
grity
, fun
ction
, and
di
vers
ity o
f liv
ing
orga
nism
s and
the
com
plex
es o
f whi
ch th
ey a
re p
art,
incl
udin
g ec
olog
ical
ele
men
ts th
at
cont
ribut
e to
cul
tura
l val
ues.
Elem
ent 1
.2 —
Spe
cies
div
ersit
yCo
nser
ve sp
ecie
s div
ersit
y by
ens
urin
g th
at h
abita
ts a
nd fo
rest
con
ditio
ns fo
r th
e na
tive
spec
ies f
ound
in th
e DF
A ar
e m
aint
aine
d th
roug
h tim
e, in
clud
ing
habi
tats
for k
now
n oc
curr
ence
s of s
peci
es
at ri
sk.
PRIN
CIPL
E 6:
EN
VIRO
NM
ENTA
L VA
LUES
AN
D IM
PACT
STh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all m
aint
ain,
con
serv
e an
d/or
rest
ore
ecos
yste
m se
rvic
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues o
f the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t, an
d sh
all a
void
, rep
air o
r miti
gate
ne
gativ
e en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts.
Crite
rion
6.4
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l pr
otec
t rar
e sp
ecie
s and
thre
aten
ed
spec
ies a
nd th
eir h
abita
ts in
the
Man
agem
ent U
nit t
hrou
gh c
onse
rvati
on
zone
s, p
rote
ction
are
as, c
onne
ctivi
ty
and/
or (w
here
nec
essa
ry) o
ther
di
rect
mea
sure
s for
thei
r sur
viva
l and
vi
abili
ty. T
hese
mea
sure
s sha
ll be
pr
opor
tiona
te to
the
scal
e, in
tens
ity
and
risk
of m
anag
emen
t acti
vitie
s an
d to
the
cons
erva
tion
stat
us a
nd
ecol
ogic
al re
quire
men
ts o
f the
rare
and
th
reat
ened
spec
ies.
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l tak
e in
to a
ccou
nt th
e ge
ogra
phic
ra
nge
and
ecol
ogic
al re
quire
men
ts o
f ra
re a
nd th
reat
ened
spec
ies b
eyon
d th
e bo
unda
ry o
f the
Man
agem
ent U
nit,
whe
n de
term
inin
g th
e m
easu
res t
o be
take
n in
side
the
Man
agem
ent U
nit.
Prin
cipl
e 4.
Pro
tecti
on o
f Bio
logi
cal D
iver
sity
To m
anag
e fo
rest
s in
way
s tha
t pro
tect
and
pr
omot
e bi
olog
ical
div
ersit
y, in
clud
ing
anim
al
and
plan
t spe
cies
, wild
life
habi
tats
, and
ec
olog
ical
or n
atur
al c
omm
unity
type
s.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
4.2
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all p
rote
ct th
reat
ened
and
end
ange
red
spec
ies,
For
ests
with
Exc
eptio
nal C
onse
rvati
on
Valu
es (F
ECV)
and
old
-gro
wth
fore
sts.
Ele
ments
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
10. W
ater
qua
lity
man
agem
ent
Fore
sts
play
a c
entr
al
role
in m
aint
aini
ng w
ater
qu
ality
, but
fore
stry
op
erat
ions
can
ent
ail
sign
ifica
nt im
pact
s on
w
ater
qua
lity.
Crite
rion
3 —
Soi
l and
wat
erCo
nser
ve so
il an
d w
ater
reso
urce
s by
mai
ntai
ning
thei
r qua
ntity
and
qua
lity
in
fore
st e
cosy
stem
s.
Elem
ent 3
.2 —
Wat
er q
ualit
y an
d qu
antit
yCo
nser
ve w
ater
reso
urce
s by
mai
ntai
ning
w
ater
qua
lity
and
quan
tity.
PRIN
CIPL
E 6:
EN
VIRO
NM
ENTA
L VA
LUES
AN
D IM
PACT
STh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all m
aint
ain,
con
serv
e an
d/or
rest
ore
ecos
yste
m se
rvic
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues o
f the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t, an
d sh
all a
void
, rep
air o
r miti
gate
ne
gativ
e en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts.
Crite
rion
6.7
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l pr
otec
t or r
esto
re n
atur
al w
ater
cour
ses,
w
ater
bod
ies,
ripa
rian
zone
s and
thei
r co
nnec
tivity
. The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l avo
id
nega
tive
impa
cts o
n w
ater
qua
lity
and
quan
tity
and
miti
gate
and
rem
edy
thos
e th
at o
ccur
.
Prin
cipl
e 3.
Pro
tecti
on o
f Wat
er R
esou
rces
To p
rote
ct w
ater
bod
ies a
nd ri
paria
n ar
eas,
and
to
con
form
with
fore
stry
bes
t man
agem
ent
prac
tices
to p
rote
ct w
ater
qua
lity.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
3.1
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all m
eet o
r exc
eed
all a
pplic
able
fede
ral,
prov
inci
al, s
tate
and
loca
l wat
er q
ualit
y la
ws,
and
mee
t or e
xcee
d be
st m
anag
emen
t pr
actic
es d
evel
oped
und
er C
anad
ian
or U
.S.
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tecti
on A
genc
y–ap
prov
ed
wat
er q
ualit
y pr
ogra
ms.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
3.2
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all i
mpl
emen
t wat
er, w
etla
nd a
nd ri
paria
n pr
otec
tion
mea
sure
s bas
ed o
n so
il ty
pe, t
erra
in,
vege
tatio
n, e
colo
gica
l fun
ction
, har
vesti
ng
syst
em, s
tate
bes
t man
agem
ent p
racti
ces
(BM
Ps),
prov
inci
al g
uide
lines
and
oth
er
appl
icab
le fa
ctor
s.
28
Ele
ments
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
11. O
ld-g
row
th
man
agem
ent/
Spe
cial
si
tes
Old
-gro
wth
fore
sts
spar
k ev
en in
tere
st b
ecau
se
of th
eir p
artic
ular
ch
arac
teris
tics
and
diffe
rent
requ
irem
ents
ai
m to
mai
ntai
n ol
d-gr
owth
fore
sts
in
man
aged
land
scap
es.
Stan
dard
s im
pose
pr
oces
ses
to c
onsu
lt w
ith
stak
ehol
ders
to d
efine
sp
ecia
l site
s.
Crrit
erio
n 1
— B
iolo
gica
l div
ersit
yCo
nser
ve b
iolo
gica
l div
ersit
y by
mai
ntai
ning
in
tegr
ity, f
uncti
on, a
nd d
iver
sity
of li
ving
or
gani
sms a
nd th
e co
mpl
exes
of w
hich
they
ar
e pa
rt, i
nclu
ding
eco
logi
cal e
lem
ents
that
co
ntrib
ute
to c
ultu
ral v
alue
s.
The
publ
ic p
artic
ipati
on p
roce
ss sh
all i
nclu
de
disc
ussio
n of
the
follo
win
g to
pics
:[…
]•
loca
lly a
vaila
ble
proc
esse
s and
met
hods
for
iden
tifyi
ng si
tes w
ith sp
ecia
l bio
logi
cal a
nd
cultu
ral s
igni
fican
ce;
• co
nser
vatio
n of
old
-gro
wth
fore
st a
ttrib
utes
;
6.3.
1.3
Elem
ent 1
.1 —
Eco
syst
em d
iver
sity
Cons
erve
eco
syst
em d
iver
sity
at th
e st
and
and
land
scap
e le
vels
by m
aint
aini
ng th
e va
riety
of
com
mun
ities
and
eco
syst
ems t
hat n
atur
ally
oc
cur i
n th
e DF
A. E
stab
lish
fore
st p
lant
ation
s on
ly in
affo
rest
ation
pro
ject
s.
Core
indi
cato
rs1.
1.1
— E
cosy
stem
are
a by
type
.1.
1.2
— F
ores
t are
a by
type
or s
peci
es
com
positi
on.
1.1.
3 —
For
est a
rea
by se
ral s
tage
or a
ge c
lass
.1.
1.4
— D
egre
e of
with
in-s
tand
stru
ctur
al
rete
ntion
.
PRIN
CIPL
E 6:
EN
VIRO
NM
ENTA
L VA
LUES
AN
D IM
PACT
STh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all m
aint
ain,
con
serv
e an
d/or
rest
ore
ecos
yste
m se
rvic
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues o
f the
Man
agem
ent U
nit,
and
shal
l avo
id, r
epai
r or m
itiga
te n
egati
ve
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s. In
dica
tor 6
.1.4
An
asse
ssm
ent o
f the
rang
e of
nat
ural
var
iatio
n (R
ON
V) o
f the
fore
st
is co
mpl
eted
. If s
uffici
ent d
ata
are
not
avai
labl
e to
com
plet
e a
RON
V as
sess
men
t, an
ass
essm
ent o
f the
pre
-indu
stria
l con
ditio
n (P
IC) i
s com
plet
ed. T
he R
ON
V or
PIC
ana
lysis
in
clud
es:
1. A
n as
sess
men
t of t
he n
atur
al ra
nge
of th
e am
ount
of e
ach
fore
st ty
pe;
2. A
n as
sess
men
t of t
he n
atur
al ra
nge
of fo
rest
ty
pes b
y ag
e cl
ass;
and
3. A
n as
sess
men
t of t
he n
atur
al ra
nge
of
dist
urba
nce
sizes
and
size
s of p
ost-d
istur
banc
e re
mna
nt p
atch
es.
Indi
cato
r 6.8
.1 B
ased
on
the
anal
yses
un
dert
aken
for I
ndic
ator
s 6.1
.3 a
nd 6
.1.4
, ta
rget
s are
iden
tified
for t
he d
istrib
ution
of
fore
st ty
pes a
nd a
ge c
lass
es o
f for
est t
ypes
that
ar
e in
tend
ed to
mai
ntai
n, re
stor
e, o
r enh
ance
th
e co
nditi
on o
f the
fore
st a
ppro
pria
te to
the
regi
onal
con
text
.
aTar
gets
may
take
anti
cipa
ted
impa
cts o
f cl
imat
e ch
ange
into
acc
ount
pro
vide
d th
ey a
re
base
d on
bes
t ava
ilabl
e in
form
ation
.
Targ
et a
ge-c
lass
dist
ributi
ons r
epre
sent
the
full
rang
e of
nat
ural
fore
st a
ges s
uch
that
old
fore
st
clas
ses a
re in
corp
orat
ed in
to th
e ta
rget
s.
Prin
cipl
e 4.
Pro
tecti
on o
f Bio
logi
cal D
iver
sity
To m
anag
e fo
rest
s in
way
s tha
t pro
tect
and
pro
mot
e bi
olog
ical
div
ersit
y, in
clud
ing
anim
al a
nd p
lant
sp
ecie
s, w
ildlif
e ha
bita
ts, a
nd e
colo
gica
l or n
atur
al
com
mun
ity ty
pes.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
4.2
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
shal
l pr
otec
t thr
eate
ned
and
enda
nger
ed sp
ecie
s, F
ores
ts
with
Exc
eptio
nal C
onse
rvati
on V
alue
s (FE
CV) a
nd o
ld-
grow
th fo
rest
s.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
4.3
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
shal
l m
anag
e ec
olog
ical
ly im
port
ant s
ites i
n a
man
ner t
hat
take
s int
o ac
coun
t the
ir un
ique
qua
lities
.
Prin
cipl
e 6.
Pro
tecti
on o
f Spe
cial
Site
s
To m
anag
e la
nds t
hat a
re e
colo
gica
lly, g
eolo
gica
lly
or c
ultu
rally
impo
rtan
t in
a m
anne
r tha
t tak
es in
to
acco
unt t
heir
uniq
ue q
ualiti
es.
Obj
ectiv
e 6.
Prot
ectio
n of
Spe
cial
Site
sTo
man
age
land
s tha
t are
geo
logi
cally
or c
ultu
rally
im
port
ant i
n a
man
ner t
hat t
akes
into
acc
ount
thei
r un
ique
qua
lities
.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
6.1
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
shal
l id
entif
y sp
ecia
l site
s and
man
age
them
in a
man
ner
appr
opria
te fo
r the
ir un
ique
feat
ures
.
29
6.3.
1.6
Elem
ent 1
.4 —
Pro
tect
ed a
reas
and
sit
es o
f spe
cial
bio
logi
cal,
geol
ogic
al, h
erita
ge,
or c
ultu
ral s
igni
fican
ceRe
spec
t pro
tect
ed a
reas
iden
tified
thro
ugh
gove
rnm
ent p
roce
sses
. Co-
oper
ate
in b
road
er
land
scap
e m
anag
emen
t rel
ated
to p
rote
cted
ar
eas a
nd si
tes o
f spe
cial
bio
logi
cal o
r cul
tura
l sig
nific
ance
.
Iden
tify
sites
of s
peci
al b
iolo
gica
l, ge
olog
ical
, he
ritag
e, o
r cul
tura
l sig
nific
ance
with
in th
e DF
A, a
ndim
plem
ent m
anag
emen
t str
ateg
ies
appr
opria
te to
thei
r lon
g-te
rm m
aint
enan
ce.
Core
indi
cato
rs1.
4.1
— P
rote
ction
of s
ites o
f spe
cial
sig
nific
ance
.1.
4.2
— P
ropo
rtion
of i
denti
fied
sites
with
im
plem
ente
d m
anag
emen
t str
ateg
ies.
Indi
cato
r 6.8
.2 M
easu
res a
re b
eing
im
plem
ente
d to
ach
ieve
the
targ
ets f
or
dist
ributi
ons o
f for
est t
ypes
and
age
cla
sses
of
fore
st ty
pes i
denti
fied
in In
dica
tor 6
.8.1
.
PRIN
CIPL
E 9:
HIG
H CO
NSE
RVAT
ION
VAL
UES
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l mai
ntai
n an
d/or
en
hanc
e th
e Hi
gh C
onse
rvati
on V
alue
s in
the
Man
agem
ent U
nit t
hrou
gh a
pply
ing
the
prec
autio
nary
app
roac
h.
Crite
rion
9.1
The
Org
aniza
tion,
thro
ugh
enga
gem
ent w
ith a
ffect
ed st
akeh
olde
rs,
inte
rest
ed st
akeh
olde
rs a
nd o
ther
mea
ns a
nd
sour
ces,
shal
l ass
ess a
nd re
cord
the
pres
ence
, st
atus
and
like
lihoo
d of
occ
urre
nce
of th
e fo
llow
ing
High
Con
serv
ation
Val
ues i
n th
e M
anag
emen
t Uni
t, pr
opor
tiona
te to
the
scal
e,
inte
nsity
, and
risk
of i
mpa
cts o
f man
agem
ent
activ
ities
:
HCV
1 –
Spec
ies d
iver
sity
[…]
HCV
2 –
Land
scap
e-le
vel e
cosy
stem
s and
m
osai
cs […
]HC
V 3
– Ec
osys
tem
s and
hab
itats
[…]
HCV
4 –
Criti
cal e
cosy
stem
serv
ices
[…]
HCV
5 –
Com
mun
ity n
eeds
[…]
HCV
6 –
Cultu
ral v
alue
s […
]
Crite
rion
9.2
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l dev
elop
eff
ectiv
e st
rate
gies
that
mai
ntai
n an
d/or
en
hanc
e th
e id
entifi
ed H
igh
Cons
erva
tion
Valu
es, t
hrou
gh e
ngag
emen
t with
affe
cted
st
akeh
olde
rs, i
nter
este
d st
akeh
olde
rs a
nd
expe
rts.
Crite
rion
9.3
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l im
plem
ent
stra
tegi
es a
nd a
ction
s tha
t mai
ntai
n an
d/or
enh
ance
the
iden
tified
Hig
h Co
nser
vatio
n Va
lues
. The
se st
rate
gies
and
acti
ons s
hall
impl
emen
t the
pre
cauti
onar
y ap
proa
ch a
nd b
e pr
opor
tiona
te to
the
scal
e, in
tens
ity a
nd ri
sk o
f m
anag
emen
t acti
vitie
s.
30
Ele
ments
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
12. R
estr
ictio
ns o
n th
e us
e of
GM
Os
The
impa
ct o
f the
use
of
gen
etic
ally
mod
ified
or
gani
sms
in fo
rest
ry
has
yet t
o be
fully
un
ders
tood
. Whe
re th
is is
ad
dres
sed
by le
gisl
atio
n or
sta
ndar
ds, a
cau
tiona
ry
appr
oach
is a
pplie
d in
w
hich
the
use
of G
MO
s is
ei
ther
forb
idde
n or
hig
hly
rest
ricte
d.
Crite
rion
1 —
Bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
Cons
erve
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
by
mai
ntai
ning
inte
grity
, fun
ction
, and
di
vers
ity o
f liv
ing
orga
nism
s and
the
com
plex
es o
f whi
ch th
ey a
re p
art,
incl
udin
g ec
olog
ical
ele
men
ts th
at
cont
ribut
e to
cul
tura
l val
ues.
Elem
ent 1
.3 —
Gen
etic
dive
rsity
Cons
erve
gen
etic
dive
rsity
by
mai
ntai
ning
th
e va
riatio
n of
gen
es w
ithin
spec
ies a
nd
ensu
ring
that
refo
rest
ation
pro
gram
s are
fr
ee o
f gen
etica
lly e
ngin
eere
d tr
ees.
PRIN
CIPL
E 10
: IM
PLEM
ENTA
TIO
N O
F M
ANAG
EMEN
T AC
TIVI
TIES
Man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties c
ondu
cted
by
or
for T
he O
rgan
izatio
n fo
r the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t sha
ll be
sele
cted
and
impl
emen
ted
cons
isten
t with
The
Org
aniza
tion’
s ec
onom
ic, e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd so
cial
po
licie
s and
obj
ectiv
es a
nd in
com
plia
nce
with
the
Prin
cipl
es a
nd C
riter
ia
colle
ctive
ly.
Crite
rion
10.4
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l not
us
e ge
netic
ally
mod
ified
org
anism
s in
the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t.
SFI S
ectio
n 7
– SF
I Pol
icie
s
SFI P
OLI
CY O
N F
ORE
ST T
REE
BIO
TECH
NO
LOGY
The
SFI p
rogr
am h
as st
rong
exi
sting
mea
sure
s in
the
SFI 2
015-
201
9 Fo
rest
Man
agem
ent
Stan
dard
and
the
SFI 2
015-
2019
Fib
er S
ourc
ing
Stan
dard
rega
rdin
g re
sear
ch o
n ge
netic
ally
en
gine
ered
tree
s via
fore
st tr
ee b
iote
chno
logy
. […
]
SFI I
nc. i
s end
orse
d by
the
Prog
ram
for t
he
Endo
rsem
ent o
f For
est C
ertifi
catio
n (w
ww
.pe
fc.o
rg),
whi
ch h
as re
stric
tions
on
the
use
of
gene
tical
ly e
ngin
eere
d tr
ees u
ntil D
ecem
ber 3
1,
2022
: Gen
etica
lly-m
odifi
ed tr
ees s
hall
not b
e us
ed.
31
Ele
me
nts
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
13. M
anag
emen
t of
chem
ical
use
in fo
rest
ry
Chem
ical
use
in fo
rest
ry
to c
omba
t pes
ts o
r fe
rtili
ze s
tand
s pr
esen
ts
the
fore
st m
anag
er w
ith
som
e ch
alle
nges
to
bala
nce
prod
uctiv
ity a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l goa
ls.
Envi
ronm
enta
l pro
tect
ion
ofte
n re
quire
s th
e m
inim
um p
ossi
ble
use
of th
ese
agen
ts, e
xcep
t in
cas
es o
f epi
dem
ic,
whi
le th
e ec
onom
ic
sust
aina
bilit
y of
sta
nds
coul
d be
enh
ance
d by
the
sele
ctiv
e us
e of
fert
ilize
rs
and
pest
icid
es.
Crite
rion
3 —
Soi
l and
wat
erCo
nser
ve so
il an
d w
ater
reso
urce
s by
mai
ntai
ning
thei
r qua
ntity
and
qua
lity
in
fore
st e
cosy
stem
s.
Elem
ent 3
.1 —
Soi
l qua
lity
and
quan
tity
Cons
erve
soil
reso
urce
s by
mai
ntai
ning
so
il qu
ality
and
qua
ntity
.
Elem
ent 3
.2 —
Wat
er q
ualit
y an
d qu
antit
yCo
nser
ve w
ater
reso
urce
s by
mai
ntai
ning
w
ater
qua
lity
and
quan
tity.
Guid
ance
for i
mpl
emen
tatio
n an
d ce
rtific
ation
Mai
ntai
ning
soil
qual
ity a
nd q
uanti
ty
invo
lves
impl
emen
ting
man
agem
ent
stra
tegi
es to
min
imize
and
miti
gate
soil
dist
urba
nce.
Mea
surin
g so
il co
nditi
ons,
par
ticul
arly
che
mic
al a
nd
phys
ical
pro
perti
es, m
ight
be fe
asib
le a
t a sp
ecifi
c sit
e, b
ut
impr
actic
al a
cros
s enti
re w
orki
ng fo
rest
s.
Esta
blish
ed re
sear
ch m
ay b
eus
ed to
iden
tify
the
links
bet
wee
n ce
rtai
n ki
nds o
f soi
l-rel
ated
fore
st p
racti
ces a
nd
soil
cond
ition
s, a
ndfo
rest
man
ager
s can
con
trol
thei
r pr
actic
es a
ccor
ding
ly.
PRIN
CIPL
E 10
: IM
PLEM
ENTA
TIO
N O
F M
ANAG
EMEN
T AC
TIVI
TIES
Man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties c
ondu
cted
by
or
for T
he O
rgan
izatio
n fo
r the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t sha
ll be
sele
cted
and
impl
emen
ted
cons
isten
t with
The
Org
aniza
tion’
s ec
onom
ic, e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd so
cial
po
licie
s and
obj
ectiv
es a
nd in
com
plia
nce
with
the
Prin
cipl
es a
nd C
riter
ia
colle
ctive
ly.
Crite
rion
10.7
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l us
e in
tegr
ated
pes
t man
agem
ent a
nd
silvi
cultu
re sy
stem
s whi
ch a
void
, or
aim
at e
limin
ating
, the
use
of c
hem
ical
pe
stici
des.
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l not
use
an
y ch
emic
al p
estic
ides
pro
hibi
ted
by
FSC
polic
y. W
hen
pesti
cide
s are
use
d, T
he
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l pre
vent
, miti
gate
, and
/or
repa
ir da
mag
e to
env
ironm
enta
l val
ues
and
hum
an h
ealth
.
Obj
ectiv
e 2.
For
est H
ealth
and
Pro
ducti
vity
To e
nsur
e lo
ng-te
rm fo
rest
pro
ducti
vity
, car
bon
stor
age
and
cons
erva
tion
of fo
rest
reso
urce
s th
roug
h pr
ompt
refo
rest
ation
, affo
rest
ation
, m
inim
ized
chem
ical
use
, soi
l con
serv
ation
, and
pr
otec
ting
fore
sts f
rom
dam
agin
g ag
ents
.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
2.2
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all m
inim
ize c
hem
ical
use
requ
ired
to a
chie
ve
man
agem
ent o
bjec
tives
whi
le p
rote
cting
em
ploy
ees,
nei
ghbo
rs, t
he p
ublic
and
the
envi
ronm
ent,
incl
udin
g w
ildlif
e an
d aq
uatic
ha
bita
ts.
Indi
cato
r 4. T
he W
orld
Hea
lth O
rgan
izatio
n (W
HO) t
ype
1A a
nd 1
B pe
stici
des s
hall
be
proh
ibite
d, e
xcep
t whe
re n
o ot
her v
iabl
e al
tern
ative
is a
vaila
ble.
Indi
cato
r 5. U
se o
f pes
ticid
es b
anne
d un
der t
he
Stoc
khol
m C
onve
ntion
on
Pers
isten
t Org
anic
Po
lluta
nts (
2001
) sha
ll be
pro
hibi
ted.
32
Crite
rion
1 —
Bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
Cons
erve
bio
logi
cal d
iver
sity
by
mai
ntai
ning
inte
grity
, fun
ction
, and
di
vers
ity o
f liv
ing
orga
nism
s and
the
com
plex
es o
f whi
ch th
ey a
re p
art,
incl
udin
g ec
olog
ical
ele
men
ts th
at
cont
ribut
e to
cul
tura
l val
ues.
The
publ
ic p
artic
ipati
on p
roce
ss sh
all
incl
ude
disc
ussio
n of
the
follo
win
g to
pics
:[…
]•
silvi
cultu
ral r
egim
es a
nd p
racti
ces s
uch
as in
tegr
ated
pes
t man
agem
ent a
nd
pesti
cide
use
, str
uctu
ral r
eten
tion,
and
tim
ber h
arve
st p
racti
ces (
incl
udin
g cl
ear-
cutti
ng);
33
Ele
me
nts
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
14. C
limat
e ch
ange
and
ca
rbon
man
agem
ent
Fore
sts
play
a c
entr
al
role
in m
any
coun
trie
s’ eff
orts
to c
omba
t clim
ate
chan
ge. S
tand
ards
pr
esen
t var
ying
deg
rees
of
ack
now
ledg
emen
t of
the
role
that
fore
st
man
agem
ent p
lays
in
miti
gatin
g cl
imat
e ch
ange
an
d th
eref
ore
impo
se
diffe
rent
requ
irem
ents
on
the
fore
st m
anag
er.
Crite
rion
4 —
Rol
e in
glo
bal e
colo
gica
l cy
cles
Mai
ntai
n fo
rest
con
ditio
ns a
nd
man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties t
hat c
ontr
ibut
e to
th
e he
alth
of g
loba
l eco
logi
cal c
ycle
s.
Elem
ent 4
.1 —
Car
bon
upta
ke a
nd st
orag
eM
aint
ain
the
proc
esse
s tha
t tak
e ca
rbon
fr
om th
e at
mos
pher
e an
d st
ore
it in
fore
st
ecos
yste
ms.
Crite
rion
2 —
Eco
syst
em c
ondi
tion
and
prod
uctiv
ityCo
nser
ve fo
rest
eco
syst
em c
ondi
tion
and
prod
uctiv
ity b
y m
aint
aini
ng th
e he
alth
, vi
talit
y, a
nd ra
tes o
f bio
logi
cal p
rodu
ction
.
The
publ
ic p
artic
ipati
on p
roce
ss sh
all
incl
ude
disc
ussio
n of
the
follo
win
g to
pics
:•
clim
ate
chan
ge im
pact
s and
ad
apta
tions
;•
tren
ds in
nat
ural
and
hum
an-c
ause
d di
stur
banc
es;
• pr
opor
tion
of n
atur
ally
dist
urbe
d ar
ea
that
is n
ot sa
lvag
e ha
rves
ted;
and
• bi
omas
s util
izatio
n.
PRIN
CIPL
E 6:
EN
VIRO
NM
ENTA
L VA
LUES
AN
D IM
PACT
STh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all m
aint
ain,
con
serv
e an
d/or
rest
ore
ecos
yste
m se
rvic
es a
nd
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues o
f the
Man
agem
ent
Uni
t, an
d sh
all a
void
, rep
air o
r miti
gate
ne
gativ
e en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts.
Crite
rion
6.3
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l id
entif
y an
d im
plem
ent e
ffecti
ve
actio
ns to
pre
vent
neg
ative
impa
cts
of m
anag
emen
t acti
vitie
s on
the
envi
ronm
enta
l val
ues,
and
to m
itiga
te a
nd
repa
ir th
ose
that
occ
ur, p
ropo
rtion
ate
to th
e sc
ale,
inte
nsity
and
risk
of t
hese
im
pact
s.
Indi
cato
r 6.3
.7 M
anag
emen
t acti
vitie
s pr
even
t neg
ative
impa
cts t
o ca
rbon
va
lues
.
Crite
rion
6.8
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l m
anag
e th
e la
ndsc
ape
in th
e M
anag
emen
t U
nit t
o m
aint
ain
and/
or re
stor
e a
vary
ing
mos
aic
of sp
ecie
s, si
zes,
age
s, sp
atial
sc
ales
and
rege
nera
tion
cycl
es a
ppro
pria
te
for t
he la
ndsc
ape
valu
es in
that
regi
on,
and
for e
nhan
cing
env
ironm
enta
l and
ec
onom
ic re
silie
nce.
Obj
ectiv
e 1.
For
est M
anag
emen
t Pla
nnin
gTo
ens
ure
fore
st m
anag
emen
t pla
ns in
clud
e lo
ng-te
rm su
stai
nabl
e ha
rves
t lev
els a
nd
mea
sure
s to
avoi
d fo
rest
con
vers
ion.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
1.1
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all e
nsur
e th
at fo
rest
man
agem
ent p
lans
in
clud
e lo
ng-t
erm
har
vest
leve
ls th
at a
re
sust
aina
ble
and
cons
isten
t with
app
ropr
iate
gr
owth
-and
yie
ld m
odel
s.
Indi
cato
rs:
4. P
erio
dic
upda
tes o
f for
est i
nven
tory
and
re
calc
ulati
on o
f pla
nned
har
vest
s to
acco
unt f
or
chan
ges i
n gr
owth
due
to p
rodu
ctivi
ty in
crea
ses
or d
ecre
ases
, inc
ludi
ng b
ut n
ot li
mite
d to
im
prov
ed d
ata,
long
-term
dro
ught
, fer
tiliza
tion,
cl
imat
e ch
ange
, cha
nges
in fo
rest
land
ow
ners
hip
and
tenu
re, o
r for
est h
ealth
.
Obj
ectiv
e 10
. For
estr
y Re
sear
ch, S
cien
ce a
nd
Tech
nolo
gyTo
inve
st in
fore
stry
rese
arch
, sci
ence
and
te
chno
logy
, upo
n w
hich
sust
aina
ble
fore
st
man
agem
ent d
ecisi
ons a
re b
ased
and
bro
aden
th
e aw
aren
ess o
f clim
ate
chan
ge im
pact
s on
fore
sts,
wild
life
and
biol
ogic
al d
iver
sity.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
10.
3. P
rogr
am
Parti
cipa
nts s
hall
—in
divi
dual
ly a
nd/o
r th
roug
h co
oper
ative
effo
rts i
nvol
ving
SFI
Im
plem
enta
tion
Com
mitt
ees,
ass
ocia
tions
or
othe
r par
tner
s— b
road
en th
e aw
aren
ess o
f cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
cts o
n fo
rest
s, w
ildlif
e an
d bi
olog
ical
div
ersit
y.
34
Indi
cato
r 6.8
.1 B
ased
on
the
anal
yses
un
dert
aken
for I
ndic
ator
s 6.1
.3 a
nd 6
.1.4
, ta
rget
s are
iden
tified
for t
he d
istrib
ution
of
fore
st ty
pes a
nd a
ge c
lass
es o
f for
est
type
s tha
t are
inte
nded
to m
aint
ain,
re
stor
e, o
r enh
ance
the
cond
ition
of t
he
fore
st a
ppro
pria
te to
the
regi
onal
con
text
.
Targ
ets m
ay ta
ke a
ntici
pate
d im
pact
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge in
to a
ccou
nt p
rovi
ded
they
ar
e ba
sed
on b
est a
vaila
ble
info
rmati
on.
Indi
cato
rs:
1. W
here
ava
ilabl
e, m
onito
r inf
orm
ation
ge
nera
ted
from
regi
onal
clim
ate
mod
els o
n lo
ng-te
rm fo
rest
hea
lth, p
rodu
ctivi
ty a
nd
econ
omic
via
bilit
y.2.
Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
are
kno
wle
dgea
ble
abou
t clim
ate
chan
ge im
pact
s on
wild
life,
w
ildlif
e ha
bita
ts a
nd c
onse
rvati
on o
f bio
logi
cal
dive
rsity
thro
ugh
inte
rnati
onal
, nati
onal
, re
gion
al o
r loc
al p
rogr
ams.
35
Ele
me
nts
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
15. P
ublic
par
ticip
atio
n an
d co
mm
unity
in
volv
emen
t
Publ
ic p
artic
ipat
ion
and
com
mun
ity in
volv
emen
t is
sel
dom
requ
ired
in
priv
atel
y ow
ned
fore
stry
. Le
gisl
ativ
e re
gula
tions
on
orga
nisa
tion
and
runn
ing
of p
artic
ipat
ory
proc
esse
s ap
ply
com
mon
ly to
st
ate
owne
d fo
rest
ry o
r to
inst
itutio
nal f
ores
t ow
ners
.
Publ
ic a
nd A
borig
inal
par
ticip
ation
re
quire
men
ts[…
]In
the
publ
ic p
artic
ipati
on p
roce
ss, t
he
advi
sory
gro
up sh
all h
ave
oppo
rtun
ities
to
wor
k w
ith th
e or
gani
zatio
n to
a) id
entif
y an
d se
lect
val
ues,
obj
ectiv
es,
indi
cato
rs, a
nd ta
rget
s bas
ed o
n SF
M
elem
ents
and
any
oth
er is
sues
of
rele
vanc
e to
the
defin
ed fo
rest
are
a (D
FA);
b) d
evel
op, a
sses
s and
sele
ct o
ne o
r mor
e po
ssib
le st
rate
gies
for a
chie
ving
targ
ets;
c) re
view
the
SFM
pla
n;d)
eva
luat
e re
sults
of m
onito
ring
prog
ram
s, a
nd d
iscus
s im
prov
emen
ts; a
nde)
disc
uss a
ny is
sues
rele
vant
to S
FM in
th
e DF
A.
Crite
rion
6 —
Soc
iety
’s re
spon
sibili
tySu
stai
nabl
e fo
rest
man
agem
ent i
nclu
des
soci
ety’
s res
pons
ibili
ty fo
r wor
ker a
nd
com
mun
ity sa
fety
, and
the
requ
irem
ent
for f
air,
equi
tabl
e, a
nd e
ffecti
ve fo
rest
m
anag
emen
t dec
ision
s.
Elem
ent 6
.1 —
Fai
r and
effe
ctive
dec
ision
-m
akin
gDe
mon
stra
te th
at th
e SF
M p
ublic
pa
rtici
patio
n pr
oces
s is d
esig
ned
and
func
tioni
ng to
the
satis
facti
on o
f the
pa
rtici
pant
s and
that
ther
e is
gene
ral
publ
ic a
war
enes
s of t
he p
roce
ss a
nd it
s pr
ogre
ss.
PRIN
CIPL
E 4:
CO
MM
UN
ITY
RELA
TIO
NS
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l con
trib
ute
to
mai
ntai
ning
or e
nhan
cing
the
soci
al a
nd
econ
omic
wel
l-bei
ng o
f loc
al c
omm
uniti
es.
Crite
rion
4.5
The
Org
aniza
tion,
thro
ugh
enga
gem
ent w
ith lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es, s
hall
take
acti
on to
iden
tify,
avoi
d an
d m
itiga
te
signi
fican
t neg
ative
soci
al, e
nviro
nmen
tal
and
econ
omic
impa
cts o
f its
man
agem
ent
activ
ities
on
affec
ted
com
mun
ities
. The
ac
tion
take
n sh
all b
e pr
opor
tiona
te to
the
scal
e, in
tens
ity a
nd ri
sk o
f tho
se a
ctivi
ties
and
nega
tive
impa
cts.
PRIN
CIPL
E 7:
MAN
AGEM
ENT
PLAN
NIN
GTh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all h
ave
a m
anag
emen
t pla
n co
nsist
ent w
ith it
s po
licie
s and
obj
ectiv
es a
nd p
ropo
rtion
ate
to sc
ale,
inte
nsity
and
risk
s of i
ts
man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties.
The
man
agem
ent
plan
shal
l be
impl
emen
ted
and
kept
up-
to-
date
bas
ed o
n m
onito
ring
info
rmati
on in
or
der t
o pr
omot
e ad
aptiv
e m
anag
emen
t. Th
e as
soci
ated
pla
nnin
g an
d pr
oced
ural
do
cum
enta
tion
shal
l be
suffi
cien
t to
guid
e st
aff, i
nfor
m a
ffect
ed st
akeh
olde
rs a
nd
inte
rest
ed st
akeh
olde
rs a
nd to
justi
fy
man
agem
ent d
ecisi
ons.
Prin
cipl
e 11
. Com
mun
ity In
volv
emen
t and
So
cial
Res
pons
ibili
tyTo
bro
aden
the
prac
tice
of su
stai
nabl
e fo
rest
ry
thro
ugh
publ
ic o
utre
ach,
edu
catio
n, a
nd
invo
lvem
ent,
and
to su
ppor
t the
effo
rts o
f SFI
Im
plem
enta
tion
Com
mitt
ees.
Obj
ectiv
e 12
. Com
mun
ity In
volv
emen
t and
La
ndow
ner O
utre
ach
To b
road
en th
e pr
actic
e of
sust
aina
ble
fore
stry
th
roug
h pu
blic
out
reac
h, e
duca
tion,
and
in
volv
emen
t, an
d to
supp
ort t
he e
ffort
s of S
FI
Impl
emen
tatio
n Co
mm
ittee
s.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
12.
1. P
rogr
am
Parti
cipa
nts s
hall
supp
ort a
nd p
rom
ote
effor
ts b
y co
nsul
ting
fore
ster
s, st
ate,
pr
ovin
cial
and
fede
ral a
genc
ies,
stat
e or
loca
l gr
oups
, pro
fess
iona
l soc
ietie
s, c
onse
rvati
on
orga
niza
tions
, Ind
igen
ous P
eopl
es a
nd
gove
rnm
ents
, com
mun
ity g
roup
s, sp
ortin
g or
gani
zatio
ns, l
abor
, uni
vers
ities
, ext
ensio
n ag
enci
es, t
he A
mer
ican
Tre
e Fa
rm S
yste
m a
nd/
or o
ther
land
owne
r coo
pera
tive
prog
ram
s to
app
ly p
rinci
ples
of s
usta
inab
le fo
rest
m
anag
emen
t.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
12.
2. P
rogr
am
Parti
cipa
nts s
hall
supp
ort a
nd p
rom
ote,
at t
he
stat
e, p
rovi
ncia
l or o
ther
app
ropr
iate
leve
ls,
mec
hani
sms f
or p
ublic
out
reac
h, e
duca
tion
and
invo
lvem
ent r
elat
ed to
sust
aina
ble
fore
st
man
agem
ent.
36
Crite
rion
7.6
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l, pr
opor
tiona
te to
scal
e, in
tens
ity a
nd ri
sk
of m
anag
emen
t acti
vitie
s, p
roac
tivel
y an
d tr
ansp
aren
tly e
ngag
e aff
ecte
d st
akeh
olde
rs in
its m
anag
emen
t pla
nnin
g an
d m
onito
ring
proc
esse
s, a
nd sh
all
enga
ge in
tere
sted
stak
ehol
ders
on
requ
est.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
12.
3. P
rogr
am
Parti
cipa
nts s
hall
esta
blish
, at t
he st
ate,
pr
ovin
cial
-or o
ther
app
ropr
iate
leve
ls,
proc
edur
es to
add
ress
con
cern
s rai
sed
by
logg
ers,
con
sulti
ng fo
rest
ers,
em
ploy
ees,
un
ions
, the
pub
lic o
r oth
er P
rogr
am P
artic
ipan
ts
rega
rdin
g pr
actic
es th
at a
ppea
r inc
onsis
tent
w
ith th
e SF
I 201
5-20
19 F
ores
t Man
agem
ent
Stan
dard
prin
cipl
es a
nd o
bjec
tives
.
37
Ele
me
nts
of
sust
ain
able
fore
st
managem
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
16. I
ndig
enou
s pe
ople
s rig
hts
Fore
st p
lay
a ce
ntra
l rol
e –
cultu
rally
, spi
ritua
lly,
and
econ
omic
ally
– in
the
lives
of m
any
Indi
geno
us
com
mun
ities
. Sta
ndar
ds
have
requ
irem
ents
that
re
late
d sp
ecifi
cally
to
Indi
geno
us c
onsu
ltatio
ns
and
enga
gem
ent.
Crite
rion
7 —
Abo
rigin
al re
latio
nsRe
cogn
ize a
nd re
spec
t the
uni
que
right
s an
d va
lues
of A
borig
inal
Peo
ples
.
Elem
ent 7
.1 —
Abo
rigin
al a
nd tr
eaty
rig
hts
Reco
gnize
and
resp
ect A
borig
inal
title
and
rig
hts,
and
trea
ty ri
ghts
. Und
erst
and
and
com
ply
with
cur
rent
lega
l req
uire
men
ts
rela
ted
to A
borig
inal
title
and
righ
ts, a
nd
trea
ty ri
ghts
.
Elem
ent 7
.2 —
Res
pect
for A
borig
inal
fo
rest
val
ues,
kno
wle
dge,
and
use
sRe
spec
t tra
ditio
nal A
borig
inal
fore
st
valu
es, k
now
ledg
e, a
nd u
ses a
s ide
ntifie
d th
roug
h an
Abo
rigin
al in
put p
roce
ss.
PRIN
CIPL
E 3:
INDI
GEN
OU
S PE
OPL
ES’
RIGH
TSTh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all i
denti
fy a
nd u
phol
d In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
’ leg
al a
nd c
usto
mar
y rig
hts o
f ow
ners
hip,
use
and
man
agem
ent
of la
nd, t
errit
orie
s and
reso
urce
s affe
cted
by
man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties.
Crite
rion
3.1
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l id
entif
y th
e In
dige
nous
Peo
ples
that
exi
st
with
in th
e M
anag
emen
t Uni
t or t
hose
that
ar
e aff
ecte
d by
man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties.
Th
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all t
hen,
thro
ugh
enga
gem
ent w
ith th
ese
Indi
geno
us
Peop
les,
iden
tify
thei
r rig
hts o
f ten
ure,
th
eir r
ight
s of a
cces
s to
and
use
of fo
rest
re
sour
ces a
nd e
cosy
stem
serv
ices
, th
eir c
usto
mar
y rig
hts a
nd le
gal r
ight
s an
d ob
ligati
ons,
that
app
ly w
ithin
the
Man
agem
ent U
nit.
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l al
so id
entif
y ar
eas w
here
thes
e rig
hts a
re
cont
este
d.
Crite
rion
3.2
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l re
cogn
ize a
nd u
phol
d th
e le
gal a
nd
cust
omar
y rig
hts o
f Ind
igen
ous P
eopl
es
to m
aint
ain
cont
rol o
ver m
anag
emen
t ac
tiviti
es w
ithin
or r
elat
ed to
the
Man
agem
ent U
nit t
o th
e ex
tent
nec
essa
ry
to p
rote
ct th
eir r
ight
s, re
sour
ces a
nd la
nds
and
terr
itorie
s Del
egati
on b
y In
dige
nous
Pe
ople
s of c
ontr
ol o
ver m
anag
emen
t ac
tiviti
es to
third
par
ties r
equi
res F
ree,
Pr
ior a
nd In
form
ed C
onse
nt.
SFI S
ectio
n 1
– In
trod
uctio
n Th
e SF
I 201
5-20
19 F
ores
t Man
agem
ent
Stan
dard
…. r
ecog
nize
s and
ado
pts t
he
prin
cipl
es o
utlin
ed in
the
Uni
ted
Nati
ons
Decl
arati
on fo
r the
Rig
hts o
f Ind
igen
ous
Peop
les (
UN
DRIP
). T
he D
ecla
ratio
n sa
ys
that
con
sider
ation
shou
ld b
e gi
ven
for
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es’ r
ight
s to
mai
ntai
n an
d st
reng
then
thei
r disti
nct s
pirit
ual r
elati
onsh
ip
with
thei
r tra
ditio
nally
ow
ned
or o
ther
wise
us
ed la
nds a
nd te
rrito
ries.
In
adop
ting
the
UN
DRIP
arti
cles
SFI
Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
are
en
cour
aged
to c
omm
unic
ate
and
colla
bora
te
with
loca
l Ind
igen
ous P
eopl
es in
ord
er to
be
tter u
nder
stan
d th
eir t
radi
tiona
l pra
ctice
s an
d ex
perie
nces
with
resp
ect t
o fo
rest
m
anag
emen
t.
Obj
ectiv
e 8.
Rec
ogni
ze a
nd R
espe
ct In
dige
nous
Pe
ople
s’ R
ight
sTo
reco
gnize
and
resp
ect I
ndig
enou
s Peo
ples
’ rig
hts a
nd tr
aditi
onal
kno
wle
dge.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
8.1
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
sh
all r
ecog
nize
and
resp
ect I
ndig
enou
s Peo
ples
’ rig
hts.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
8.2
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
w
ith fo
rest
man
agem
ent r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s on
pub
lic la
nds s
hall
conf
er w
ith a
ffect
ed
Indi
geno
us P
eopl
es w
ith re
spec
t to
sust
aina
ble
fore
st m
anag
emen
t pra
ctice
s.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
8.3
. Pro
gram
Par
ticip
ants
ar
e en
cour
aged
to c
omm
unic
ate
with
and
sh
all r
espo
nd to
loca
l Ind
igen
ous P
eopl
es w
ith
resp
ect t
o su
stai
nabl
e fo
rest
man
agem
ent
prac
tices
on
thei
r priv
ate
land
s.
38
Ele
ments
of
sust
ain
ab
le fore
st
manag
em
ent
CSA
Sus
tain
able
For
est
Man
agem
ent S
tand
ard
(CA
N/
CSA
-Z80
9-16
)
FSC
Nat
iona
l For
est S
tew
ards
hip
Stan
dard
of C
anad
a (F
SC-S
TD-
CAN
-01-
2018
V 1
-0)
SFI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd
17. T
rain
ing
and
outr
each
The
conc
ept o
f tra
inin
g an
d ou
trea
ch c
over
s co
mpe
tenc
e bu
ildin
g, a
s w
ell a
s th
e re
quire
men
ts
of a
nd tr
ansp
aren
cy
in in
form
atio
n di
ssem
inat
ion.
Crite
rion
5 —
Eco
nom
ic a
nd so
cial
be
nefit
sSu
stai
n flo
ws o
f for
est b
enefi
ts fo
r cur
rent
an
d fu
ture
gen
erati
ons b
y pr
ovid
ing
mul
tiple
goo
ds a
nd se
rvic
es.
Elem
ent 5
.2 —
Com
mun
ities
and
su
stai
nabi
lity
Cont
ribut
e to
the
sust
aina
bilit
y of
co
mm
uniti
es b
y pr
ovid
ing
dive
rse
oppo
rtun
ities
to d
eriv
e be
nefit
s fr
om fo
rest
s and
by
supp
ortin
g lo
cal
com
mun
ity e
cono
mie
s.
Core
indi
cato
rs•
Leve
l of p
artic
ipati
on a
nd su
ppor
t in
trai
ning
and
skill
s dev
elop
men
t.
Crite
rion
6 —
Soc
iety
’s re
spon
sibili
tySu
stai
nabl
e fo
rest
man
agem
ent i
nclu
des
soci
ety’
s res
pons
ibili
ty fo
r wor
ker a
nd
com
mun
ity sa
fety
, and
the
requ
irem
ent
for f
air,
equi
tabl
e, a
nd e
ffecti
ve fo
rest
m
anag
emen
t dec
ision
s.
Elem
ent 6
.1 —
Fai
r and
effe
ctive
dec
ision
-m
akin
gDe
mon
stra
te th
at th
e SF
M p
ublic
pa
rtici
patio
n pr
oces
s is d
esig
ned
and
func
tioni
ng to
the
satis
facti
on o
f the
pa
rtici
pant
s and
that
ther
e is
gene
ral
publ
ic a
war
enes
s of t
he p
roce
ss a
nd it
s pr
ogre
ss.
Core
indi
cato
rs[…
]•
Evid
ence
of e
ffort
s to
prom
ote
capa
city
dev
elop
men
t and
mea
ning
ful
parti
cipa
tion
in g
ener
al.
PRIN
CIPL
E 4:
CO
MM
UN
ITY
RELA
TIO
NS
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l con
trib
ute
to
mai
ntai
ning
or e
nhan
cing
the
soci
al a
nd
econ
omic
wel
l-bei
ng o
f loc
al c
omm
uniti
es.
Crite
rion
4.3
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l pr
ovid
e re
ason
able
opp
ortu
nitie
s for
em
ploy
men
t, tr
aini
ng a
nd o
ther
serv
ices
to
loca
l com
mun
ities
, con
trac
tors
and
su
pplie
rs p
ropo
rtion
ate
to sc
ale
and
inte
nsity
of i
ts m
anag
emen
t acti
vitie
s.
PRIN
CIPL
E 7:
MAN
AGEM
ENT
PLAN
NIN
GTh
e O
rgan
izatio
n sh
all h
ave
a m
anag
emen
t pla
n co
nsist
ent w
ith it
s po
licie
s and
obj
ectiv
es a
nd p
ropo
rtion
ate
to sc
ale,
inte
nsity
and
risk
s of i
ts
man
agem
ent a
ctivi
ties.
The
man
agem
ent
plan
shal
l be
impl
emen
ted
and
kept
up-
to-
date
bas
ed o
n m
onito
ring
info
rmati
on in
or
der t
o pr
omot
e ad
aptiv
e m
anag
emen
t. Th
e as
soci
ated
pla
nnin
g an
d pr
oced
ural
do
cum
enta
tion
shal
l be
suffi
cien
t to
guid
e st
aff, i
nfor
m a
ffect
ed st
akeh
olde
rs a
nd
inte
rest
ed st
akeh
olde
rs a
nd to
justi
fy
man
agem
ent d
ecisi
ons.
Crite
rion
7.5
The
Org
aniza
tion
shal
l m
ake
publ
icly
ava
ilabl
e a
sum
mar
y of
th
e m
anag
emen
t pla
n fr
ee o
f cha
rge.
Ex
clud
ing
confi
denti
al in
form
ation
, oth
er
rele
vant
com
pone
nts o
f the
man
agem
ent
plan
shal
l be
mad
e av
aila
ble
to a
ffect
ed
stak
ehol
ders
on
requ
est,
and
at c
ost o
f re
prod
uctio
n an
d ha
ndlin
g.
Prin
cipl
e 10
. Tra
inin
g an
d Ed
ucati
onTo
impr
ove
the
prac
tice
of su
stai
nabl
e fo
rest
ry
thro
ugh
trai
ning
and
edu
catio
n pr
ogra
ms.
Obj
ectiv
e 11
. Tra
inin
g an
d Ed
ucati
onTo
impr
ove
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
sust
aina
ble
fore
stry
pra
ctice
s thr
ough
app
ropr
iate
trai
ning
an
d ed
ucati
on p
rogr
ams.
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
11.
1. P
rogr
am
Parti
cipa
nts s
hall
requ
ire a
ppro
pria
te tr
aini
ng
of p
erso
nnel
and
con
trac
tors
so th
at th
ey
are
com
pete
nt to
fulfi
ll th
eir r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s un
der t
he S
FI 2
015-
2019
For
est M
anag
emen
t St
anda
rd.
Prin
cipl
e 7.
Res
pons
ible
Fib
er S
ourc
ing
Prac
tices
in
Nor
th A
mer
ica
To u
se a
nd p
rom
ote
amon
g ot
her f
ores
t la
ndow
ners
sust
aina
ble
fore
stry
pra
ctice
s th
at a
re b
oth
scie
ntific
ally
cre
dibl
e an
d ec
onom
ical
ly, e
nviro
nmen
tally
and
soci
ally
re
spon
sible
.
39
Other Program Elements
CSA FSC SFIBALANCE OF INTERESTS Decisions are made with representation from a balance of social, economic and environmental
interests. All standards are supported by various conservation groups.CSA Standards are developed using an open and inclusive participatory process. The Technical Committee on Sustainable Forest Management consists of a balanced array of representatives from timber producers (including woodlot owners), forest-products manufacturers, academia, provincial and federal governments, and environmental, consumer, union, and Aboriginal groups.
Decision-making within FSC takes place by members around the world. International Members are divided into chambers (Environmental, Social, and Economic), with an additional, Aboriginal Peoples chamber in Canada, each with equal voting power. The purpose of the chamber structure is to maintain the balance of voting power between different interests.
SFI is governed by the 18-members SFI Board, which is responsible for overseeing and improving the internationally recognized SFI Program and SFI Standards. The Board’s three chambers represent environmental, social and economic sectors equally. SFI Board members include executive-level representatives of conservation organizations, academic institutions, aboriginal/tribal entities, family forest owners, public officials, labor and the forest products industry. This diversity reflects the variety of interests in the forestry community.
ACCREDITED CERTIFICATION BODIES
Accreditation bodies are responsible for assessing and accrediting conformity assessment bodies (CAB) according to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Conformity assessment -- Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems.CAB, also referred to as certification bodies, are responsible to conduct third-party audit and make the certification decision.
Certification bodies conducting audits of CSA Sustainable Forest Management Standard are accredited by members of the International Accreditation Forum (IAF), including the Standards Council of Canada.
Certification bodies conducting audits of FSC forest management and chain of custody standards are accredited by Assurance Services International (ASI).
Certification bodies conducting audits of SFI forest management, fiber sourcing and chain-of-custody Standards are accredited by ANSI National Standards Institute (ANAB), or Standards Council of Canada (SCC).
40
THIRD-PARTY INDEPENDENT AUDITS
Audits are carried out by accredited certification bodies independent of the standards writing organizations (CSA, FSC and SFI). The certification body employs, or has access to, a sufficient number of auditors, including audit team leaders, and technical experts to cover all of the audit work performed.
Certification bodies make certification decisions based on their audit of the forest management enterprise’s conformity with the requirements specified in the applicable standard.
In addition to the initial certification audit, there are mandatory annual surveillance audits which include both a document review and on-site checks of the forest and management system to ensure that progress is being made towards the achievement of targets and that the SFM requirements are being met.
A full recertification audit is required periodically following the initial certification, in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17021.
There are four types of audits conducted for all forest management evaluations.
Pre-Evaluation: assessment to determine the applicant’s readiness for their main evaluation.Main Evaluation: assessment of an applicant for FSC certification.Re-Evaluation: assessment for re-certification.Surveillance Evaluations: systematic repetition of conformity assessment activities as a basis for maintaining the validity of FSC certification.
SFI Program Participants certified to the Forest Management, Fiber Sourcing and/or Chain-of-Custody Standards are required to undergo annual surveillance audits by independent and accredited certification bodies to deliver ongoing conformance. To maintain a current forest management, fiber sourcing, and/or chain-of-custody certificate, certified Program Participants must undergo a full recertification audit every five years.
REVISION OF THE STANDARDS
All forest standards remain current and relevant through an open, inclusive revision process involving public input, which typically occurs in Canada on a five-year cycle.
41
CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY All chain-of-custody standards require screening of any non-certified wood sources to ensure they come from legal (authorized) and credible sources. They also exclude materials from unacceptable/controversial sources. Certified and non-certified materials are then tracked at each stage of the production or trading process through either physical separation methods, percentage system or credit system. Ability to use PEFC labels: » For products with PEFC
certified content of 70% or greater, from forests certified against a PEFC endorsed forest certification scheme.
» For products with PEFC certified & recycle content. Minimum of 70% from forests certified against a PEFC endorsed forest certification scheme and post-consumer recycled raw material.
A label for 100% FSC certified content
A 100% recycled label. (minimum of 85% from post-consumer sources, maximum of 15% from post-industrial sources).
A variety of Mixed Source labels that include a combination of FSC certified material, controlled material, and recycled material. Content claims can be calculated using transfer, percentage or credit systems (usually 70% combined FSC certified and recycled content).
SFI Certified Content Labels: Show that some or all of the product’s fiber content comes from forests that are certifiedto PEFC endorsed standards in Canada or the US (SFI, CSA, and American Tree Farm System). » Includes a combined
content label showing exact percentages of content from certified forests, certified fibre sourcing, and post consumer recycled (for use with average percentage calculations).
» When a company uses the volume credit method, the claim on the label is “Promoting Sustainable Forest Management”
» Labels can include a mobius loop stating the percentage of post consumer content in the product.
SFI Certified Sourcing Label: Show that procurement system is third- party certified as meeting the SFI 2015-2019 Fiber Sourcing Standard and Appendix 1 Rules for Use of the SFI Certified Sourcing Label
WEBSITES www.csagroup.orgwww.csasfmforests.cawww.pefc.org
www.fsc.orgwww.fsccanada.org
www.sfiprogram.orgwww.pefc.org
Table Sources: Based on information publicly available at the time from CSA, FSC, PEFC, and SFI
42
43
While there are some differences, the three certification programs used in Canada all promote sound forest management through principles, criteria and requirements that are viewed as the basis of sustainable forest management within Canada and around the world. Only 11 per cent of the world’s forests are certified, and the fact that 36 per cent of those certified lands are found in Canada means Canada has a stable and secure supply of certified fibre. This independent verification provides added assurance of responsible forest practices from a country with some of the world’s toughest and well-enforced regulatory frameworks for forestry.
BENEFITS OF INCLUDING ALL STANDARDS IN PROCUREMENT POLICIES INCLUDE:
» Promoting well-managed, legal and sustainable sources of forest products
» Rewarding sustainable forestry leadership in the 11% of the world’s forests that are certified, encouraging similar improvements in the other 89% of the world’s forests.
» Promoting competition and continual improvement amongst the standards
» Ensuring a plentiful supply of certified forest products
» Giving freedom of choice (options) to organizations looking for certified forest products
» Improving global forest management by providing independent third-party verification of responsible practice
May 2020