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Introduction toCross Sectional Anatomy

Chris Kowtko, MSRS, R.T. (R)(M)20th WCEC Student-Educator –

Radiographer Seminar

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ABDOMEN Musculo-Skeletal

System Psoas muscle Crura of Diaphragm Vertebra Ilium Pubic Ribs

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ABDOMEN

Digestive system Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Accessory organs

• Liver & gall bladder• Bile ducts• Pancreas

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Esophagus Anterior to vertebral

bodies; aorta Posterior & medial to

stomach Stomach Fundus-superior to EG

junction; very posterior

Body-more anterior than fundus

Pylorus-retroperitoneal & medial

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Small Intestine Duodenum-

retroperitoneal Jejunum-anterior

midabdomen Ileum-anterior in pelvis Large intestine Cecum-retroperitoneal Ascending colon-

retroperitoneal Hepatic flexure-posterior Transverse colon-most

anterior Splenic flexure-most

superior

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Descending colon-retroperitoneal

Sigmoid colon-anterior

Rectum-retroperitoneal

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Accessory Organs Liver Right lobe Left lobe Quadrate lobe Caudate lobe

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Gall bladder Pancreas

Head Tail Body

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Lymphatic System Spleen

LUQ Posterior to

stomach

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Endocrine System Adrenal Glands

Retroperitoneal Superior poles of

kidneys

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Urinary System Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra

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KidneysRetroperitonealCortex-doughnutRt-post. to liverLt-post. to stomach,

pancreas, spleen

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Ureters Retroperitoneal Ant. to IIA & IIV;

Post. to EIA & EIV Urinary Bladder Post. to symphysis Urethra

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Vascular System Arterial Phase Venous Phase Hepatic-Portal

system

Veins larger in diameter

Upper abd-Veins anterior to arteries

Lower abd/Pelvis-arteries anterior to veins

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Arterial Phase Abdominal aorta Celiac trunk Superior mesenteric a. Renal a. Inferior mesenteric a. Common iliac a. Internal iliac a. External iliac a

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ABDOMEN Abdominal Aorta

Fairly midline Celiac Trunk Branches: Left Gastric artery Splenic artery Hepatic artery

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Superior Mesenteric Artery Just below Celiac Same level as Lt

renal vein entering IVC

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Renal Arteries Inferior to SMA Rt-longer Lt-superior to Rt

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Common Iliac Arteries Bifurcation of

Aorta Level of L4 Superior to

formation of IVC

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Internal iliac arteries Posterior to

external External iliac

arteries

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ABDOMEN Venous Phase

Inferior vena cava Renal v. Common iliac v. Internal iliac v. External iliac v.

Hepatic-Portal System Hepatic v. Portal v. Splenic v. Superior mesentaric v. Inferior mesentaric v.

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Internal & External Iliac veins

Common Iliac veins

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Inferior Vena Cava Ascends on Rt

side of Aorta Largest vein Retroperitoneal

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Renal veins Lateral aspects of

IVC Lt-longer;

Anterior to aorta

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Hepatic veins Drain into IVC Superior to Portal

vein Most superior of

liver vessels

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Hepatic Portal System Porta Hepatis Portal vein:

IMV SMV Splenic vein

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CHEST Cardiovascular

System Heart Great vessels

• Aorta• Superior vena cava• Inferior vena cava• Pulmonary artery• Pulmonary vein

Respiratory System Trachea Primary bronchii R & L lung

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Respiratory System Trachea Primary bronchii R & L lung

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Heart 4 chambers

• Right atrium• Right ventricle• Left atrium• Left ventricle

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Right Atrium most superior

Right Ventricle most anterior

Left Atrium most posterior

Left ventricle most inferior

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Arterial Phase Aortic arch

• Brachiocephalic a.• R Common

carotid a.• R Subclavian a.

• L Common carotid a.

• L Subclavian a.

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Anterior to Posterior off Aortic Arch:

Brachiocephalic A. L Subclavian A. L Common Carotid A.

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Aortic Arch Ascending Aorta Descending Aorta

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Venous Phase Superior vena cava

• R & L Brachiocephalic v.

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Superior Vena Cava

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Pulmonary Phase Pulmonary

trunk/artery• R & L Pulmonary

Arteries

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Pulmonary veins 2 from Right 2 from Left

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CHEST Musculo-Skeletal

System Pectoral muscle

• Major• Minor

Sternum Vertebra Ribs Clavicle Scapula