INTRODUCTION TO

DATA LICENCES

Text is licensed under a Creative

Commons Attribution 4.0 International

License. Other licences apply to

images (see slide 19)

Gareth Knight

gareth.knight@lshtm.ac.uk

26th May 2015

Disclaimer:I am Not a Lawyer. This is not legal advice

Overview

• Reasons to apply a data licence

• Database rights

• Expectations for data licences (LSHTM, funder, journal)

• Licensing your research data (CC, ODC, DTAs)

• Working with 3rd party data

• Conclusion

Data Licence

• Data licence motivated by need to share data

• Establish conditions under which data may be accessed, used & cited

• Many rights apply to data– Copyright

– Moral

– Database

• Rights issues vary between countries

• Ensure that your project has clarified rights issues before sharing

Database Rights

• Does not require 'creative' aspect defined by copyright to be protected

• ‘Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations’ 1997 applies it to:

– DBs created after 27 March 1996

– Created by EEA nationals, EEA residents & businesses with central operations in EEA

• Last for 15 years from completion or publication (whichever is longest)

• Any substantial update causes the 15 year period to begin anew

Recognise investment made into compilation of database

LSHTM Expectations

• Rights information should be:– Clear and unambiguous

– Documented at an appropriate level of granularity

• Recommend a non-exclusive licence that allows many people to access and use data

• Should not assign exclusive rights to 3rd

party, unless it is a condition imposed by contractual or other obligations.

“Rights assigned to research data should not unnecessarilyrestrict its management, sharing, or use”

RDM Policy, Principle 2

LSHTM RDM Policyhttp://www.lshtm.ac.uk/research/researchdataman/rdm_policy.html#principle02

LSHTM RDM Policyhttp://www.lshtm.ac.uk/research/researchdataman/rdm_policy.html#principle02

• Many state data should be:"made openly available and accessible with as few restrictions as possible"

• Encourage FAIR principles - Findable, Accessible, Interoperable & Re-usable

• Expect consortium agreements to enable data sharing

• However, recognise legal, ethical &commercial constraints may limit access and use

• Encourage licences that encourage uptake in some form (Open, controlled, commercial)

Funder Expectations

Journal Expectations

• Growing number of journals that:

– Specialise in open data

– Expect data to be made available

• Expect openness by default, unless good reason can be provided

– Creative Commons Attribution(CC-BY)

– Anonymous download from a public repository

• Recognise open sharing not always feasible for health data

– Controlled access

– Data sharing agreements

Licensing your research data

1. Identify rights holders

– LSHTM

– Collaborators

– Participants

– Data providers & others

2. Determine terms to be applied

– Policy, Consortium agreement, consent forms

3. Review licence models

– Creative, Commons

– Open Government Licence

– Data Transfer Agreement

4. Select appropriate licence

Creative Commons

ATTRIBUTION

NON-COMMERCIAL

NO DERIVATIVES

SHARE ALIKE

+ : Permits open reuse

- : ‘Attribute stacking’ – distant authors- : Unable to control how data is used

+ : Permits academic & other NC use

- : Cannot be used by commercial collaborators

+ : Allows analysis

- : No cleaned, remixed, or other derivatives allowed

+ : Prevents future users re-licensing derivatives under a restrictive licence

- : Difficult to combine with other licences

Open Data Commons

Share data

Create works

Adapt & modify

ODC Open Database License (ODbL)

http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/

Attribution, Share alike & keep open

ODC Attribution

http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/

Attribution

ODC Public Domain Dedication

http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/pddl/summary/

None

Data Transfer Agreement

Tailored licence form that defines conditions such as:

• Use for specific purpose

• Handling of participant information(no attempt to re-identify)

• Storage in secure environment

• Retention period (e.g. 1 yr)

• Administration charges

Signed agreement that specifies storage & use conditions

Contact the Knowledge Transfer Manager (deborah.carter@lshtm.ac.uk) for guidanceContact the Knowledge Transfer Manager (deborah.carter@lshtm.ac.uk) for guidance

Working with 3rd party data

Myth:

• Data has no licence: It can be analysed for any purpose

• Data is free to download: It can be re-published in any form

Review dataset description for licence information:

1. What purposes are you allowed to use data for?

2. Are there any expectations?

– e.g. citation, costs

3. Are there any limitations?

• If there's no licence, contact the creator/publisher.

Large amount of data available, but can you use it?

Dealing with multiple datasets

Potential for licence conflict when working with multiple datasets

Licence compatibility definitions:

• Exact match: Both licences use terms that have the same purpose, meaning and effect

• One-way: Data made available under a permissive license can be combined with data that has a more restrictive licence

Does source licence allow mashups to be shared?

http://creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses

http://opendefinition.org/licenses/

http://opensource.com/law/11/9/mpl-20-copyleft-and-license-compatibility

Creative Commons:

No Derivatives

Instructions needed to explains how datasetmay be merged for validation purposes

Based upon scenarios by Leigh Dodds "Oil and Water: When Data Licences Don't Mix“

http://www.slideshare.net/ldodds/oil-and-water-when-data-licences-dont-mix

Creative Commons:

Share alike Conflict

Each update can be published separately & instructions provided on how to merge for validation

Based upon scenarios by Leigh Dodds "Oil and Water: When Data Licences Don't Mix“

http://www.slideshare.net/ldodds/oil-and-water-when-data-licences-dont-mix

Creative Commons:

Mixing open licences

If licences are compatible, least open licence wins

Based upon scenarios by Leigh Dodds "Oil and Water: When Data Licences Don't Mix“

http://www.slideshare.net/ldodds/oil-and-water-when-data-licences-dont-mix

Conclusion

• Licence models are a key component of data sharing

• Researchers must consider data licences when– Reusing existing data

– Creating own data

(particularly when there is a need make data available)

• Rights information should be clear, unambiguous and documented at appropriate granularity

• Recommend use of a non-exclusive licence that allows many people to access and use data

• Should not assign exclusive rights to 3rd party, unless it is a condition imposed by contractual or other obligations.

Resources

• LSHTM. Choose a Data Licencehttp://www.lshtm.ac.uk/research/researchdataman/share/choose_licence.html

• Digital Curation Centre: How to License Research Data http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/how-guides/license-research-data

• Korn & Oppenheim (2011). Licensing Open Data: A Practical Guide http://discovery.ac.uk/files/pdf/Licensing_Open_Data_A_Practical_Guide.pdf

• ODI. Publisher’s Guide to Open Data Licensing https://theodi.org/guides/publishers-guide-open-data-licensing

Images

Slide 3: “That’s Right” by Kaytee Riek (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)https://www.flickr.com/photos/riekhavoc/4813140176/

Slide 4: “WordPress 2.7 Database Schema” by Rafael Poveda (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)https://www.flickr.com/photos/bioxid/3640432505/

Slide 8: “Reuse” by Steev Hise (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)https://www.flickr.com/photos/steev/39393264/

Slide 11: “Permit Holders Only A” by Gregory Wake (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)https://www.flickr.com/photos/gregwake/2301264039

Slide 12: “Sharing” by ryancr (CC BY-NC 2.0)https://www.flickr.com/photos/ryanr/142455033/

Slide 13: “Death By…” by nataliej (CC BY-NC 2.0)https://www.flickr.com/photos/nataliejohnson/2296566285/