Introduction to Energy Management

Doty, Steve & Turner, Wayne. (2009). Energy Management Handbook. Lilburn, GA: The Fairmount Press.

Jacobsen, J. (2011). Sustainable Business and Industry. Milwaukee: Quality Press.

Zajac, Alan. (1997). Building Environments: HVAC Systems. Milwaukee, WI: Johnson Controls in cooperation with Delmar Thomas Learning

Week 1

The Role of HVAC Systems in Facility Management isContinuous Improvement

HVAC

Heating System (if applicable)Ventilation SystemAir Conditioning (chillers) ThermostatsDucts and PipesPumps Chillers …..etc…

Energy Management

• Energy management is doing more with the same amount of energy or less energy.

• Energy management saves money and makes buildings more comfortable, healthy, and safe.

• Occupants can be productive

Energy Use Reduction

Efficiency • Energy efficiency involves

the use of technology that requires less energy to perform the same function.

• Focuses on the HVAC and equipment or machinery being used

• One example outside HVAC is installing LED – getting more light and less heat

Conservation • Energy conservation

includes any behavior that results in the use of less energy.

• Focuses on the behavior of people

Why Energy Management

• Reduces consumption• Increases comfort & safety• Reduces pollution• Makes our economy stronger• Increases our energy security• Provides school personnel with real

time energy and performance data to manage the building’s energy needs

Important Learned Outcomes for this Course

• Recognize the serious nature of becoming an energy technician. • Recognize basic science concepts related to energy.• Demonstrate proper use of equipment and operational effective methods.• Demonstrate ability to determine specific energy management findings, recommendations, and

possible solutions related to energy efficiency and control of resources.• Identify appropriate energy efficiency design options for new construction and retrofitting.• Use processes and systems to understand and manage energy and objectively address the economic

aspects of energy management and gain skills to develop energy efficiency measures.• Control energy use and identify energy waste and monitor the performance of measures

implemented.• Demonstrate understanding of energy management control systems including air conditioning and

refrigeration, instrumentation, components and controls, applications, operation and maintenance.• Demonstrate understanding of various energy usage equipment and energy management control

techniques and facilities maintenance and operations.• Demonstrate understanding of data communications including principles of signal interface,

standards and codes of practice.• Propose improvements and have a cursory understanding of commissioning, M&V and Energy

Performance Contracting

Three Purposes of Complete Air Control Occupant Comfort and Productivity Equipment and Manufacturing Process Efficiency Energy Conservation Ecological Responsibility Save Operational Costs

The Role of Systems in Facility Management

16 Weeks • Week 1 The Role Of HVAC Systems In Facilities Management• Week 2 Heat, Temperature and Pressure Basics• Week 3 Managing Human Comfort• Week 4 Determining the Loads on The HVAC System• Week 5 Psychrometrics: The Properties of Air• Week 6 HVAC System Types• Week 7 Refrigeration Cycle • Week 8 Air Cleaning Equipment• Week 9 Evaporative Cooling and Cooling Towers, Centrifugal Pumps and Hydronic Systems• Week 10 Air Moving Equipment: Fans and Ducts • Week 11 Control Systems for Occupant Comfort• Week 12 Control Strategies for Occupant Comfort• Week 13 Advanced Technology for Effective Facility Control• Week 14 Commissioning, M&V, ROI and Energy Performance Contracting • Week 15 Review and preparation for final exam• Week 16 Introduction of and Administration of Final Exam

Advanced Analysis

Sustainable Initiatives: 2016+• Performance Contracting • Enthalpy sensors controlling HVAC • Carbon dioxide sensors controlling HVAC • Occupant sensors for lighting & HVAC• Load shedding• Peak shaving• Sweeping lights out at night & daylight trackers• Building wide temperature standards• Sub-metering• Register for LEED certification• Green cleaning products • Vending misers• Energy audits• Commissioning

Enthalpy Sensors

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ECON-C OA-T OA-H OA-ENRH RA-T RA-H RA-ENRH

2005: 31,791,000,000 2006: 28,865,000,000Difference between 2005 and 2006: 2,926,000,000Less 10% of 2005: 28,611,900,000 Difference between goal and reality: 25,300,000

Month

Data

DecNovOctSep

AugJ ul

J un

MayAprMarFeb

J an

7000000000

6000000000

5000000000

4000000000

3000000000

2000000000

1000000000

0

Variable

Actual mbls 2006

mbls Btu 2005GOAL mbls 10% less than 2005

Steam Btus 2005 to 2006Jan through Dec

Includes the 10% goal valuesDecember MBLS is an estimate

9.2% Reduction

Discovered more off peak opportunities than on peak(reduce energy use off peak)

Sept 2004 through oct 2006

kWh

2421181512963

500000

450000

400000

350000

300000

VariableOn-Peak Usage (kWh)Off-Peak Usage (kWh)

Time Series Plot of On-Peak Usage (kWh), Off-Peak Usage (kWh)

Ideal for benchmarking against yourself

Ste

am

- M

LBS

Dece

mbe

r

Nove

mbe

r

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r

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JuneMay

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14000

12000

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0

95% CI for the MeanSteam heating means and CIs for 5 years of monthly observations

Btu per degree days works for this facility

Degree Days

kWh B

tu

12001000800600400200

80000000

70000000

60000000

50000000

40000000

30000000

20000000

10000000

S 5108902R-Sq 94.1%R-Sq(adj) 93.5%

1313 Energy Performance ModelkWh Btu = 5163667 + 60162 Degree Days

Month

Btu

/DD

14121086420

120000

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100000

90000

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Cubic model: R sq. .52, p-value of .052Btu/DD = 44916 + 17552 Month - 2288 Month**2 + 76.12 Month**3

Tighten KGMB

KNOW YOUR PRICING STRUCTURE:

• Elect Peak Demand Charge • Elect Energy Charge

• Steam • Steam (fuel cost adj.)

• Nat. Gas (distribution)• Base Gas• PGA (purchased gas adjustment)

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ECON-C OA-T OA-H OA-ENRH RA-T RA-H RA-ENRH

Lets Get Started

Questions??