introduction to engineering and professional ethics− spring 2014 dr. sameer shadeed 1 introduction...
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Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed1
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics−64100
An-Najah National UniversityCollege of Engineering
Chapter 3
Fields and Branches of Engineering
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Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering
Civil engineering deals with the design, construction and maintenance of built works
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
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Civil Engineering
Civil engineering works include for instance:Roads, tunnels, dams, bridgesWater supplies and sewage systemsBuildings, homes, airportsTransportation systemsEnvironmental concernsAccident investigationsSoils and geotechnical engineeringSurveyingConstruction management
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Civil engineering is traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including:
StructuralStructural engineering
ConstructionConstruction engineering
BuildingBuilding engineering
EnvironmentalEnvironmental engineering
TransportationTransportation engineering
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Civil Engineering
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Structural Engineering
Structural Engineering involves the analysis and
design of physical objects such as buildings,
bridges, equipment supports, towers and walls.
Structural engineers require expertise in
strength of materials and in the seismic design
of structures covered by earthquake
engineering. Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
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Structural Engineering
The construction of Pyramids in Egypt (2700 - 2500 BC) might be considered the first instance of large structure constructions
The size is immense where the total number of blocks is about 2.5 million each weighing two and a half tons
The construction force was about a hundred thousand men and the construction took 20 years to complete
The stone was transported from a quarry 500 miles away and required the year-round work of several thousand men
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
The Egyptian Pyramids
Construction Engineering Construction engineering
concerns the planning and management of the construction of structures such as highways, bridges, airports, railroads, buildings, dams, and reservoirs
Construction engineers engage in the quality assurance and quality control, on site material testing, concrete mix design, cost estimating, planning and scheduling, material procurement, selection of equipment, and budget control
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Building Engineering
Building Engineering is the application of
engineering principles and technology to
building design and construction.
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
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Environmental EngineeringEnvironmental engineering is the application of
science and engineering principles to improve the natural environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to provide healthy water, air, and land for human habitation (house or home) and for other organisms, and to remediate polluted sites.
It involves waste water management and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability, and public health issues as well as a knowledge of environmental engineering law.
Main areas of environmental engineeringenvironmental engineering are:
Water supply and treatment
Provide clean water for domestic and industrial use
Design and construct pipe networks to reliably supply water
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Environmental Engineering
Wastewater collection and treatment
Design and construct wastewater collection systems
Remove contaminants so water can be reused or returned to the environment
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Environmental Engineering
Solid and hazardous waste management
Collect, process, recycle and dispose of solid waste
Design landfills and recycling facilities to manage solid waste and recover materials from the waste
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Environmental Engineering
Air quality management
Design gas and particulate removal systems to get pollutants out of air
Prevention not remediation
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Environmental Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Transportation engineering is concerned with the safe and efficient movement of people and goods
This requires the estimation of trip generation and distribution (how many trips for what purpose, destination choice, etc.), and route assignment (which streets or routes are being used, etc.)
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The design aspects of transportation engineering include the sizing of transportation facilities (how many lanes or how much capacity the facility has), determining the materials and thickness used in pavement
Transportation engineering involves signs, signals and markings, etc
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Transportation Engineering
Material Engineering is concerned with the evaluation of materials and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specifications.
It involves in developing new uses for known materials. Includes those engineers working with composite materials or specializing in one type of material, such as graphite, metal and metal alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, and naturally occurring materials.
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Material Engineering
Chemical Engineering
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Chemical engineers use math, physics, and economics to solve technical problems.
The difference between chemical engineers and other types of engineers is that they apply a knowledge of chemistry in addition to other engineering disciplines.
Chemical engineers sometimes are called 'universal engineers' because their scientific and technical mastery is so broad.
What Do Chemical Engineers? Some chemical engineers make designs and invent new
processes. Some construct instruments and facilities. Some plan and operate facilities. Chemical engineers have helped develop atomic science,
polymers, paper, dyes, drugs, plastics, fertilizers, foods, petrochemicals... pretty much everything.
They devise ways to make products from raw materials and ways to convert one material into another useful form.
Chemical engineers can make processes more cost effective or more environmentally friendly or more efficient. As you can see, a chemical engineer can find a position in any scientific or engineering field. Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed18
Chemical Engineering
Field Work of Chemical Engineer Environmental Engineer Food Industries Oil and Natural Gas Industry Paper Manufacture Petrochemical Engineer Pharmaceuticals Plant Design Plastic and Polymer Manufacture Technical Sales Waste TreatmentIntroduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed19
Chemical Engineering
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Chemical Engineering
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Chemical Engineering
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Architectural Engineering
Architectural engineering is the art and science of designing buildings and other physical structures
A wider definition often includes the design of the total built environment from the macro-level of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the micro-level of construction details and, sometimes, furniture
Architectural engineering and design are primarily driven by the CREATIVE manipulation of mass, space, volume, texture, light, shadow, materials, etc. in order to achieve an end which is aesthetic, functional and often artistic
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
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Architectural works are perceived as cultural and political symbols and works of art
Historical civilizations are often known primarily through their architectural achievements. Such buildings as the pyramids of Egypt and the Roman Colosseum are cultural and political symbols
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Architectural Engineering
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Architectural Engineering
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Architectural Engineering
Urban Planning Engineering
Urban planning is the integration of land use planning to explore a very wide range of aspects of the built and social environments
Urban planning may focus on urban renewal by adapting urban planning methods to existing cities suffering from long-term infrastructural decay
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering Electrical engineering covers a range of sub-studies
including power, electronics, control systems, signal processing and telecommunications
Electrical engineering may or may not encompass electronic engineering
Electrical engineering is considered to deal with the problems associated with large-scale electrical systems such as power generation, transmission, and distribution
Electronic engineering deals with the study of small-scale electronic systems including computers and integrated circuitsIntroduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
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Electrical engineers are usually concerned with using electricity to transmit energy
Electronic engineers are concerned with using electricity to transmit information (convert information to a signal; a transmission medium carries the signal; and a receiver that receives the signal and converts it back into usable information)
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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Communication Engineering Communications (Telecommunications engineering), or
telecom engineering, is a major field within electronic engineering.
The work ranges from basic circuit design to strategic mass developments.
A telecommunication engineer is responsible for designing and overseeing the installation of telecommunications equipment and facilities, such as complex electronic switching systems, copper telephone facilities, and fiber optics.
Telecommunication is a diverse field of engineering including electronics, civil, structural, and electrical engineering, as well as being a political and social ambassador, a little bit of accounting and a lot of project management.
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Computer EngineeringComputer Engineering encompasses broad areas of
both electronic engineering and computer science
Computer science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems
Computer science focuses mainly on programming languages
Computer engineers are electronic engineers that have additional training in the areas of software design and hardware-software integration
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Power Engineering
Power engineering is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power
It is also concerned with the electrical devices connected to such systems including generators, motors and transformers
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Energy and Environmental Engineering
It focuses on:
1.The design of processes for energy production and energy transformations
2.Understanding the environmental aspects of resource production, and optimization of process performance.
3.Understand and apply the advanced technology in the field of energy
4.Operating and maintaining the energy
5.Consuming and generating units
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6. Reduction the loss in electrical power distribution systems
7. Providing consultancy in the field of energy for the governmental and municipal institutions and factories.
8. Rationalization of energy consumption
9. Other areas of focus include clean energy conversions (e.g., clean coal), geothermal engineering, energy systems modeling and optimization, and solar and other renewable energy resources.
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Energy and Environmental Engineering
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Energy and Environmental Engineering
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Industrial Engineering Industrial engineering (ProductionProduction) is a branch of
engineering that concerns the development, improvement, implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, material and process
Typical industrial engineering careers: Manufacturing engineer (process layout and
materials resource planning) Quality engineer (process adjustment) Project engineer (project management) Human factors (designing jobs to fit people)
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General duties in a production process:
Bring the material to the machine Remove the finished product Transport the product to the next workstation Consider the machine capacity Maintenance needs What to do when the machine is not functioning Analyze the production process to see if
improvements can be considered Check the quality of the product (make sure it
meets the standards)Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Industrial Engineering
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Industrial engineers work to eliminate
wastes of time, money, materials, energy,
labor, etc
Industrial engineering is also known as
operations management, system
engineering, production engineering,
manufacturing engineeringIntroduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Industrial Engineering
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Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering involves the application of principles of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems
A mechanical system is a system of elements that interact on mechanical principles
Mechanical engineers use different principles in the design and analysis of automobiles, aircraft, heating and cooling systems, watercraft, manufacturing plants, industrial equipments and machinery and medical devices and more
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
What Do Mechanical Engineers?
Mechanical engineers are employed in virtually every kind of industry. They are involved with seeking new knowledge through research, creative design and development, and with the construction, control, management, and sales of the devices and systems needed by society.
A major strength of an education in mechanical engineering is the flexibility it provides in future employment opportunities for its graduates.
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Mechanical Engineering
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Mechanical Engineering
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Automotive Engineering
Automotive engineering Automotive engineering incorporates elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, buses and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems
An automotive engineer An automotive engineer designs and test a part, seeing that it meets all its requirements
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Mechatronics Engineering Mechatronics Engineering is the combination of
Mechanical engineering, Electronic engineering, Computer engineering, Software engineering, Control engineering, and Systems Design engineering in order to design and manufacture useful products.
Mechatronics Engineering is a multidisciplinary field of engineering, that is to say it rejects splitting engineering into separate disciplines.
Originally, mechatronics just included the combination between mechanics and electronics, hence the word is only a portmanteau of mechanics and electronics; however, as technical systems have become more and more complex the word has been "updated" during recent years to include more technical areas.Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Field work of Mechatronics Engineering
Mechatronics Engineering graduates can select from a wide spectrum of industries for career choices and can also contribute in a variety of roles including design engineer, software engineer, project planner, product designer, and project manager.
Mechatronics Engineering graduates are able to select from jobs as Mechatronics specialists in a variety of industries. Opportunities are also available to graduates in smaller companies that need generalists who can perform both mechanical and electrical engineering functions.
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Mechatronics Engineering
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Biomedical Engineering
Engineers in this field must be able to work with biologists and physicians in developing new equipments and materials
The three general divisions of biomedical engineering are:
1. Bioengineering applies engineering techniques to biological systems
2. Clinical engineering concerns itself with the hospital system problems, such as removing anesthetic gases from operating rooms and the correct operation of instrumentation in health facilities
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Biomedical Engineering3. Medical engineering develops artificial organs, medical
devices, …
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
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Medical Engineering
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Medical Engineering
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System Engineering
System engineering focuses on the development and organization of complex artificial systems
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Safety Engineering Safety engineering is an applied science
strongly related to systems engineering Safety engineering assures that a life-critical
system behaves as needed even when pieces fail
Life-critical system is a system whose failure or malfunction may result in death or serious injury to people
Safety engineers concern is on acts of accident prevention
Safety engineers take an early design of a system, analyze it to find what faults can occur, and then propose safety requirements in design specifications and make changes to existing systems to make the system safer
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Safety engineers distinguish different extents of defective operations:
A failure is the inability of a system or component to perform its required functions within specified performance requirements
While a fault is a defect in a device or component, for example: a broken wire
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Safety EngineeringTerms of Defective Operation
The unexpected failure of a device that was operating within its design limits is a primary failure
The expected failure of a component stressed beyond its design limits is a secondary failure
A device which appears to malfunction because it has responded as designed to a bad input is suffering from a command fault
A critical fault endangers one or a few people
A catastrophic fault endangers, harms or kills a significant number of people
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Safety EngineeringTerms of Defective Operation
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Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum engineers are involved in all stages of the oil and gas discovery working with geologists in locating the petroleum sites
Petroleum engineers are involved in the design and use of offshore platforms and drilling equipments
These platforms are often located in hundreds of feet of water, and the drilling must extend thousands of feet beneath the ocean floor
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
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Agricultural EngineeringAgricultural
engineers design agricultural machinery to increase production
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They design agricultural buildings (housing of livestock, ...)
They may design irrigation systems and supervise them
They develop ways to conserve soil
They find ways to handle animal waste (storage and disposal)
They work to improve the processing of food (analysis of procedures in terms of drying, minimizing waste,…)Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Agricultural Engineering
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Food Engineering Food engineering deals
with the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for consumption by humans or animals
Food processing often takes harvested or slaughtered components and uses these to produce attractive and marketable food products
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Design machinery to produce foods
Design and implementation of food safety and preservation measures
Quality control of food production
Design of food packaging materials
Biotechnological processes of food production
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Food Engineering
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Aerospace EngineeringAerospace engineering deals with the craft that
leaves Earth's atmosphere Aerospace engineers design, develop, and test
spacecraft and supervise the production of these products
Aerospace engineers develop new technologies for use in defense systems, space exploration, navigation and control and communication
Aerospace engineers must design rockets to leave and reenter earth’s atmosphere, structures to exist in space, life-support systems enabling humans to live in space, robotic devices, ….etc
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
The Mars Phoenix Lander touched down in the far north of the Red Planet, after a 680 million-km journey from Earth
The journey took 10 months58 Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
Aerospace Engineering
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Aeronautical EngineeringAeronautical engineering deals
with crafts that stay within Earth's atmosphere
One of the aspects of the aircraft design is the interaction between the air around the plane and the plane’s structure
The development of new materials (used in the wings for instance) is important since they should be durable to increase the life expectancy
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Engineering Practical Jobs
Research E. -Solves new problems. -Obtains new data.
-Devises new methods of calculation
-Gains new knowledge
-Perceptiveness
-Patience
-Self-Confidence
Analytical E. -Models physical problems using math to predict performance.
-Performs failure analysis.
- Math, physics, engineering, science, applications ,software
Development E. -Develops products, processes, or
systems
-Uses well-known principles and
employs existing processes or
machines to perform a new function
-Concerned only with a prototype or
model
-Ingenuity
-Creativity
-Astute Judgment
Title Function Skills/Knowledge
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
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Engineering Practical Jobs
Design E. -Converts concepts and information
into detailed plans and specs from
which the finished product can be Manufactured
-Restricted by the state of the art
-Creativity
-Innovation
-Fundamental knowledge
of many disciplines
-Understanding of
economics and people
Production E. -Devises a schedule to efficiently coordinate materials and personnel
-Orders raw materials at the optimum times
-Sets up the assembly line
-Handles and ships the finished product
-Knowledge of design,
economics, and
psychology
-Ability to visualize the
overall operation of a
project
-Knowledge of each step of the production effort
Title Function Skills/Knowledge
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
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Engineering Practical Jobs
Test E. -Develops and conducts tests to verify that a new product meets design specs
-Products are tested for structural integrity, performance and reliability
-Testing is performed under all expected environmental conditions
-Knowledge of statistics,
product and process
specifications
-Measurement techniques
-Fundamental engineering
aspects of the design
Operations or Plant E.
-Selects sites for facilities
-Specifies the layout for all facets
of the operation
-Selects the fixed equipment for climate control, lighting, and communication
-Responsible for maintenance and modifications
Industrial engineering,
economics and law
Title Function Skills/Knowledge
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
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Engineering Programs/An-Najah Nation University
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
The College of Engineering offers twelve engineering academic programs:1. Civil Engineering2. Architectural Engineering3. Electrical Engineering4. Chemical Engineering5. Industrial Engineering6. Computer Engineering7. Mechanical Engineering8. Building Engineering9. Mechatronics Engineering 10.Communication Engineering11.Urban Planning Engineering12.Energy and Environmental Engineering
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BSc in Engineering
Introduction to Engineering and Professional Ethics− Spring 2014 Dr. Sameer Shadeed
The KeyKey to “MaaaaanyMaaaaany” Doors