Introduction to Ethics in Research Todays Discussion Intro To Ethics In Research 1.The American Psychological Association (APA) requires that all research is approved by the host institution. 2.For human research, approval of the institutions Institutional Review Board (IRB) is required. 3.For non-human animal research, approval is needed from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Intro To Ethics In Research 1.The IRB will formally require ask the researchers about the risk / benefit ratio. Both the risks and benefits must be written. The ethical question at hand: Is it worth it? 2.Potential Pop Quiz Question: What is meant by minimal risk? 3.Lets get your opinions on these minimal-risk scenarios Intro To Ethics In Research College students are asked to complete an adjective checklist describing their current mood. The researcher is seeking to identify students who are depressed so that they can be included in a study examining cognitive deficits associated with depression. Is this minimal risk? If yes, lets re-write to make it risky. If no, lets re-write it to make it minimal risk. Intro To Ethics In Research Elderly adults in a nursing home are given a battery of achievement tests in the dayroom at their home. A psychologist seeks to determine if there is a decline in mental functioning with advancing age. Is this minimal risk? If yes, lets re-write to make it risky. If no, lets re-write it to make it minimal risk. Intro To Ethics In Research Students in a psychology research methods class see another student enter their classroom in the middle of the class period, speak out loudly and angrily with the instructor, and then leave. As part of a study of eyewitness testimony, the students are then asked to describe the intruder. Is this minimal risk? If yes, lets re-write to make it risky. If no, lets re-write it to make it minimal risk. Intro To Ethics In Research A researcher recruits students from introductory psychology classes to participate in a study of the effects of alcohol on cognitive functioning. The experiment requires that some students drink 2 ounces of alcohol (mixed with orange juice) before performing a computer game. Is this minimal risk? If yes, lets re-write to make it risky. If no, lets re-write it to make it minimal risk. Intro To Ethics In Research Potential Pop Quiz Question: What ethical point was raised about untreated syphilis? Intro To Ethics In Research Student comments on the idea of institutional apologies. Intro To Ethics In Research Research participants have ethical responsibilities, too. Its *not* just researchers who bear ethical burdens. Researchers can ethically establish data-exclusion criteria. Intro To Ethics In Research Informed consent is especially important when children are involved! Images from PPTs clip art, search term = Baby Intro To Ethics In Research Whenever possible, obtain assent An expressed willingness to participate. Intro To Ethics In Research Potential Pop Quiz Question: What ethical issue arises from observing this couple, seated in a public park? Intro To Ethics In Research Potential Pop Quiz Question: What ethical issue arose in the classic Milgram experiment? Milgram Video: Intro To Ethics In Research 1.After the study, researchers must provide each participant with a debriefing. 2.The debriefing -educates the participant about the research & literature -justifies the use of deception (if applicable) -provides the participant the chance to ask questions -expresses gratitude for the participants time and effort Science cant progress without participants! 3.Researchers also benefit by debriefing -we often learn how participants viewed the experience -we sometimes receive comments that generate new studies. Intro To Ethics In Research 1.After the study, researchers must provide each participant with a debriefing. 2.The debriefing -educates the participant about the research & literature -justifies the use of deception (if applicable) -provides the participant the chance to ask questions -expresses gratitude for the participants time and effort Science cant progress without participants! 3.Researchers also benefit by debriefing -we often learn how participants viewed the experience -we sometimes receive comments that generate new studies. Intro To Ethics In Research 1.Plagiarism Under what conditions are reference citations required? 2.Citation - Some journals require authors to list references alphabetically, others require references to be listed in chronological order (priority in time). 3.Authorship Science journals typically require that all people who make significant *INTELLECTUAL* contributions to a study should be granted authorship status. 4.Author sequence Alphabetical versus Proportional Intro To Ethics In Research Your ideas about the ethical pros and cons of animal research in psychology? Acknowledgments Images used in this educational presentation were obtained from Wikimedia Commons, in accordance with regulations regarding copyright, use, and dissemination.