introduction to field informatics chapter 9 outreach ... · (bse：bovine spongiform...

Outreach Communication

Reiko Hishiyama

Introduction to Field Informatics Chapter 9

1/25Copyright (C) 2010 Field Informatics Research Group. Kyoto University. All Rights Reserved.

Contents

• Approach

• Participatory method for outreach communication– Background

– Methodology

– Designing the experimental environment

– Examples

• Outreach as a role of experimentation in building the future

2/25Copyright (C) 2010 Field Informatics Research Group. Kyoto University. All Rights Reserved.

What does the word “Field” bring to your mind?

Many people associate “Field” with the natural environment, or the outdoors as one of the academic research environment.

We will stand back and contemplate the big pictureand try to expand the concept of “Field” !

Start looking at society including the natural environment in the wider context…

3 /25Copyright (C) 2010 Field Informatics Research Group. Kyoto University. All Rights Reserved.

Do you get a real sense of global warming?

We still don’t know how such extraordinary weather relates to global warming… however, the weather become similar to tropical weather…

This squall is similar to those experienced in the tropics !!


Resources, water, energy

Air pollution

Climate change

Ecosystem, biodiversity

Urban problem

Economic disparity, poverty

Infection, health and safetyIndustrial structure/ technique

Health care

Human rights and fundamental freedoms, discrimination

Law/ Ethics

Education/ training

Regional/local issues

Employment opportunities

Privacy

Waste products

Natural disaster

problems in environment / social or economic / human or life systems--- The issues are complex and require pluralistic or multifactorial analysis ---

The effects are just starting to be visible, but … what is actually changing…

The threat to the planet’s biodiversity is real …

H1N1 flu virus spreads rapidly throughout the world…. …


Scientific technology approach

Approach by applying the normative function or

ethics or rules

Requirement of the different types of approachto address these issues…

• We have made all kind of efforts to deal with the situation.Many of the efforts are made via the scientific approach or the normative approach.

• These are helpful to find a solution to specific problems.

These issues are complex and require pluralistic or multifactorial analysis.


Case study: Mad cow disease (BSE：Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)

• BSE is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in cattle. The first cow to fall ill with BSE occurred in 1984 in Britain.

• After a long incubation period, about 4 years, progresses to death over 2 weeks – 6 months.

• Its cause is yet to be identified.The infectious agent in BSE is believed to be a specific type of misfolded protein called a prion.

• The meat and bone meal causes the infectious agent to spread?

• The origin of the disease itself remains unknown. It is believed by most scientists that the disease may be transmitted to human beings who eat the brain or spinal cord of infected meats.

Suspect the meal as the cause of BSE(as route of transmission)


→Ban the sale of meat-and-bone meal

Blanket testing?

Anything safe except specified-risk material??

“Unable to recognize whether all of the cows are safe or not…”→Government defers all decisions to local public administration.

Case study : Mad cow disease (BSE：Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)The case of communication gaps

between specialists who assess the scientific risks and citizens who recognize the risks.

We cannot attempt to determine the extent of the impact…Whether the young cows are safe or not is uncertain…

Under the age of 20 months


Pay attention to consumers’ safesupply of ecologically friendly products

What should we do to achieve someone's understanding of the issues ?

Scientific risk assessmentIncreasing the participation of

diverse stakeholder in these issues

raise awareness of risk

reflect the difference of values

structural understanding of the issues

involved with the problem-solving

Clarification of health riskObtaining of Informed consent(what services will be provided and how they will be conducted. )

Social / ethical decision-making（genetically-modified products, construction of a nuclear power plant…）

Specialists

Citizens


How they were recognized or thinking about social systems

Cultural or social group consciousness / Social dilemma

Impact of the image- building that determines the cognitive element

Cognitive bias(a person’s tendency to make error in judgment based on cognitive factors)

Sharing the structural elucidation of the difference in interpretation

Media’s impact

Social values /Personal values

Management method for the social communication10 /25Copyright (C) 2010 Field Informatics Research Group. Kyoto University. All Rights Reserved.

Outreach for science communication


Spatial scale（Local / Global）

Time scale（irreversibility, non-selectivity）

Interaction（casual relationship,

interrelationship）

Structural features of the problems that should be dealt with by an outreach communication

Adaptive problem solving（Technology, system, rule or standard）

Single value judgment that specialists focus on → Various endpoints

from concentration to wide diversification (cross-boundary)from short-term to long-term (accumulation for a long period)

From direction to indirection (multi-disciplinary character)


”Hand on the pointer” for Gaming Simulation as an anecdotal experiment for outreach

Pseudo Field (Experimental Field)

Field

Theory ・Hypothesis

Difficulty in controlling the experimentDifficulty in collecting the objective dataDifficulty in conducting the repeatability test

This type of simulation places more emphasis on “process” and less on the “result”.

AnalysisCollect data under controlled experimental conditions

It enables us to conduct a repeatability test

When we need to duplicated test in other labs, it can be tested and details verified.

Combines theory with

practice.


Relationships between “fields” and “experiments in the laboratory”( Embedding experimental object as the drivers or as a trigger in the simulation )

LaboratoryField

・Providing the expertise, criteria・Having to take a preventable risks・Sharing the scientific forecast with the participant・Figure out the local knowledge, turns feedback to the future works

Pseudo Field（Experimental Space）

・Flaming effect・Risk assessment・Social dilemma・Element of uncertainty・Difficulty of the validation・Various local knowledge・Changing in the condition


Designing the outreach communication methods


The framework of the outreach communication

Communication space where the participants stay and share the theme

Transmitting the structure of the problems, interaction (social dynamisms)

Several scenarios that can be considered a variety of alternatives

Communication frameworks that can produce new knowledge under the general view.

Interactive communication models

Communication space

Central theme of the communication

CooperationCompetition

Inducing interaction (promote discussion, offer alternative proposals, explain the gaming rules… )


Design process of the communication tool

Real world

Conceptual models

Tool design

Design a scenario or

computational model

Develop and embed messages

Inducing interaction (promote discussion, offer alternative proposals, explain the gaming rules… )

Facilitator


Case study：”Eco-Experiment”Global carbon cycle and global warming game

（CBSC: Computer Based Science Communication)


Science café

(lecture by a specialist)

Discussion between the

specialists and participants

Share the scenarioprevious knowledge

Participatory gaming

Pseudo International conference

“Eco Experiment”－Let’s save the earth from global warming• Outreach activities on the Internet

• Integrate the participatory gaming and the science cafe

• Easy to understand and citizen-friendly


Pseudo International conference


(Cooperativecommunication process)

Cool Down(Debriefing and discussion)

Advi

ce fr

om s

peci

alis

t

Tim

e pa

ssag

e

Traditional communication process

Integration of the participatory gaming and traditional science cafe

Providing the minimum knowledge for participation

Share the experience, produce the controversial topics and communication

Interaction to deepen exchange


Progress of the participatory gaming

20 /25

Asking the question

Pass out Scenario

Gaming（Online）

Discussion（Offline）

Debriefing（Recommendation

from the professional or class teacher)

Orientation（Sharing the

precondition and rules as a briefing）

Advice from the professional

Science cafe

Copyright (C) 2010 Field Informatics Research Group. Kyoto University. All Rights Reserved.

Implicational message and communication design

Greenhouse effect gas level

Country A : environmental administrator

Implicational messageThe structural features of the problems－Problems move the progress from local to global.－We need to analyze a dependent relationship between micro – macro environmental structures from the view of the political policy and its response.The scientific features of the problems－There are only three types of energies on the Earth; energy from fossil fuel, natural gas (methane), biomass. －Greenhouse effect of the methane is more than 20 times that of CO2.－Economic activities have an (negative) impact on the global carbon cycle-climate feedback.

R1→R2→R3・・・

Country B : environmental administrator

Country C : environmental administrator21 /25Copyright (C) 2010 Field Informatics Research Group. Kyoto University. All Rights Reserved.

Global warming on the pseudo Earth on the Internet-changing in the characteristics of the environment over time-

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Inde

x

Round

Change graph of global environmentgreenhouse gas levels

CO2 levels

CH4 levelsEstablish goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions for each participating country Regarding

economic goals

Discussion leads to a real effective change of the simulation…

Conference

Conference

“Tetrahedral Eco-dice” associate the simulated society with real society.


Outreach communication - a comprehensive, panoramic view of the outreach

communication as a future challenge-


Outreach communication using participatory method as field studies

Action research on FieldExperiment in Laboratory

Focus on the phenomena

Theory

Analysis

Stay on the Field

Finding the problems

Collecting data , Modeling,

Experiment

Problem-solving and feedback to

the field

Contribute to Field( to encourage the people )

Study the Field(to research and verify the theory)

Experiment on the pseudo Field

The researcher want to know the field itself. The researcher want to contribute to the field.24 /25Copyright (C) 2010 Field Informatics Research Group. Kyoto University. All Rights Reserved.

Outreach Communication as Future Works• Potential as a studying method

Study on the overall structure of the multiple problems, mechanisms of the interaction, verification of the social theory - contribution to the theory

• The possibilities as a communication tool –as a role of the future narration• Generating the virtual simulation space and real world• Cooperation and collaboration between professional and citizens • It helps to find cross-referenced tips…

– It sheds light on the importance of issues surrounding their daily life.– Provides the opportunities and steps to handle these problems easily.– Promotes the finding of the new knowledge, facilitates the problem-solving, it

acts as a catalyst in order to speed up the innovation.


introduction to field informatics chapter 9 outreach ... · (bse：bovine spongiform...

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