Introduction to Form/Genreand its relationship to FRBR

Robert L. MaxwellBrigham Young Universityrobert_maxwell@byu.edu

CCS Subject Access CommitteeAmerican Library Association

June 23, 2007

MARC definitions

• 655 - INDEX TERM--GENRE/FORM (R) Terms indicating the genre, form, and/or physical characteristics of the materials being described. A genre term designates the style or technique of the intellectual content of textual materials or, for graphic materials, aspects such as vantage point, intended purpose, or method of representation. A form term designates historically and functionally specific kinds of materials distinguished by their physical character, the subject of their intellectual content, or the order of information within them. Physical characteristic terms designate historically and functionally specific kinds of materials as distinguished by an examination of their physical character, subject of their intellectual content, or the order of information with them

VS.

• 650 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM (R) A subject added entry in which the entry element is a topical term.

Examples of Form/Genre terms

• American poetry [literary]• Cricket stories [literary]• Godzilla films [film]• Bedtime prayers [religious]• Maze puzzles [games]• Microfilms [physical characteristics]• Electronic journals [physical

characteristics]

Examples of Form/Genre terms

• Compact discs [physical characteristics]

• Sonatas (Bagpipe and continuo) [musical]

• Out-of-print books [publishing]

• Fanzines [publishing format]

• Watercolors—England—19th century [visual arts]

• Vellum bindings [physical characteristics]

Coding of form/genre

100 1 Aira, César,|d1949-

245 13 El todo que surca la nada /|cCésar Aira.

...

655 0 Short stories, Argentine.

655 7 Corrugated board bindings (Binding)|2rbbin

Available heading use codes in MARC Authority format (008)

14 - Heading use--main or added entryIndicates whether the 1XX heading is appropriate for use as a main or added entry in bibliographic records. a - Appropriateb - Not appropriate| - No attempt to code

15 - Heading use--subject added entryIndicates whether the 1XX heading is appropriate for use as a subject added entry in bibliographic records. a - Appropriateb - Not appropriate| - No attempt to code

16 - Heading use--series added entryIndicates whether the 1XX heading is appropriate for use as a series added entry in bibliographic records. a - Appropriateb - Not appropriate| - No attempt to code

Potential coding addition to MARC

18 - Heading use—genre/form added entryIndicates whether the 1XX heading is appropriate for use as a genre/form added entry in bibliographic records.

a - Appropriateb - Not appropriate| - No attempt to code

Incompatible references

150__ |a Literature450__ |a Belles-lettres450__ |a Western

literature450__ |a World

literature550__ |w g |a

Philology550__ |a Authors550__ |a Authorship

155__ |a Literature455__ |a Belles-lettres455__ |a Western

literature455__ |a World

literature

Subject Authority Record vs.Genre Authority Record

053_0 |a GV1507.M3150__ |a Maze puzzles450__ |a Mazes550__ |w g |a

Labyrinths550__ |w g |a Puzzles

053_0 |a GV1507.M3

155__ |a Maze puzzles

455__ |a Mazes

555__ |w g |a Labyrinths

555__ |w g |a Puzzles

Thesauri available for use in 655

• There are currently around 100 authorized thesauri from which terms may be used in 655, most written by different bodies that do not consult with each other

• All are listed at: http://www.loc.gov/marc/relators/relasour.html#rela655b

A Few Common Thesauri • aat = Art & architecture thesaurus (Los Angeles, CA: Getty Research Institute, Getty

Vocabulary Program) • gmgpc = Thesaurus for graphic materials: TGM II, Genre and physical characteristic

terms (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service) • gsafd = Guidelines on subject access to individual works of fiction, drama, etc.

(Chicago: American Library Association) • lcsh = Library of Congress subject headings (Washington: Library of Congress) • mesh = Medical subject headings (Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine)• mim = Moving image materials: genre terms (Washington: Motion Picture

Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division, Library of Congress) • rbbin = Binding terms: a thesaurus for use in rare book and special collections

cataloguing (Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, ALA) • rbgenr = Genre terms: a thesaurus for use in rare book and special collections

cataloguing (Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries) • rbtyp = Type evidence: a thesaurus for use in rare book and special collections

cataloging (Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, ALA)

FRBR and Form

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

• An IFLA document

• A model of the bibliographic universe based on the entity-relationship database model (ER)

Entity-Relationship

• Entities: Objects or things within a database. Entities have “attributes” that define them.

• Relationships: Links between entities within the database. Relationships may also have attributes, which describe the nature of the relationship.

Entity

Relationship

Attribute

EntityAttribute

Attribute

Attribute

Attribute

Attribute

ER Diagramming

FRBR Group 1 entities

• Work: A distinct intellectual or artistic creation

• Expression: The realization of a work

• Manifestation: The physical embodiment of an expression

• Item: A single exemplar of a manifestation (i.e. a copy)

FRBR Group 2 entities

• Person

• Corporate body

• Family [added in Functional Requirements for Authority Data]

FRBR Group 3 entities

• Concept

• Object

• Event

• Place

Some genre/form terms that relate to the FRBR Work

• Academic catalogs

• After-dinner speeches

• Arthurian romances

• Chinese poetry—California—San Francisco

• Film adaptations

• Scholarly periodicals

Form/genre related to work (ER)

Work: Le roman de Tristan

has a genre

Concept: Arthurian romances

has a creator

Person: Thomas (Anglo-Norman poet)

Some genre/form terms that relate to the FRBR Expression

• Acrylic paintings

• Sea stories, American—Translations into German

• Colorized films

• Bilingual books

• Condensed books

• Films for the hearing impaired

Form/genre related to expression (ER)

Work: Moby Dick

has a genre

Concept: Sea stories, American—

Translations into German

has a creator

Person: Herman Melville

is realized through

Expression: German translation

has a translator

Person: Fritz Güttlinger

Some genre/form terms that relate to the FRBR Manifestation

• Compact discs vs. Audiocassettes

• Daguerrotypes vs. Ambrotypes vs. Albumen prints vs. Photographs

• Electronic books [dissertations, journals, etc.]

• Out-of-print books

Form/genre related to manifestation (ER)

Work: Red prophet

has a form

Concept: Audiocassettes

has a creator

Person: Orson Scott Card is realized

through

Expression: 2007 recording

is embodied in

Manifestation: 2007 publication by Blackstone

is embodied in

Manifestation: 2007 publication by Blackstone

has a form

Concept: Compact discs

Some genre/form terms that relate to the FRBR Item

• Autographs

• Blind tooled bindings

• Batik papers

• Marbled edges

• Cancel leaves

Form/genre related to item (ER)

Work: Moby Dick

is embodied in

Manifestation: 1975 publ. by Artist’s Limited Edition

has a creator

Person: Herman Melville

is realized through

Expression: first English expression

has a signer

Person: Jacques Yves Cousteau

is exemplified by

Item: copy in BYU Library

has a form

Concept: Autographs