introduction to game programming with pygame part 1
DESCRIPTION
A short intro to game programming at college :DTRANSCRIPT
Agenda
• Games - 2d games
• Basics
• Python
• PyGame
• Examples
Whats inside a Game?• Multidisciplinary Process
• Graphics
• Input Control
• Game Logic / AI
• Sound effects / Music
• Communication
• Physics, etc
• Frameworks ^ Libraries ^^
Basics - Drawing• Drawing primitives
• Pixels, Square, Rect, Ellipse, etc
• Provided by development env
Basics - Animation
• Draw things
• Change their positon
• Draw them again
• Repeat
Basics - Animation
• Draw things
• Change their positon
• Draw them again
• Repeat
Basics - Animation
• Draw things
• Change their positon
• Draw them again
• Repeat
Basics - Animation
• Draw things
• Change their positon
• Draw them again
• Repeat
Basics - Animation
• Draw things
• Change their positon
• Draw them again
• Repeat
Basics - Surfaces• Drawing primitives use algorithms
• Slow for repetitive work
Basics - Surfaces• Drawing primitives use algorithms
• Slow for repetitive work
Basics - Surfaces
• How do we save time?
Basics - Surfaces
• How do we save time?
Basics - Surfaces
• How do we save time?
A Surface / Bitmap
Basics - Surfaces
• How do we save time?
RAM
Basics - Surfaces
• How do we save time?
RAM
Basics - Surfaces
• Bitmaps
• Rectangular
• CPU Inexpensive
• Can be layered
Basics - Surfaces
• Bitmaps
• Rectangular
• CPU Inexpensive
• Can be layered
Sky layer
Trees
Enemies
Basics - Animation Again!
• Monitors have refresh rate
• Can’t draw so many surfaces on live screen
• How do we make it smooth?
• How do we sync?
Basics - Animation Again!• Draw on a buffer surface
• Wait for vertical sync
• Transfer the whole buffer to screen
Basics - Animation Again!• Draw on a buffer surface
• Wait for vertical sync
• Transfer the whole buffer to screen
Basics - Animation Again!• Draw on a buffer surface
• Wait for vertical sync
• Transfer the whole buffer to screen
Basics - Animation Again!• Draw on a buffer surface
• Wait for vertical sync
• Transfer the whole buffer to screen
Collision Detection
Collision Detection
2D Bound checks
Collision Detection
Pixel Perfecthttp://wiki.allegro.cc/index.php?title=Pixel_Perfect_Collision
Ah! So many things to do?
Ah! So many things to do?
Enter Frameworks / Engines/ Libraries
& other angels
Programming
• Lot of repetitive tasks
• Lot of things you don’t wish to figure out
• Technologies - OpenGL, DirectX, SDL
• Interfacing Libraries
• Generic set of solutions - frameworks
• Complete solutions - Game Engines, toolsets
Programming• Many options to choose from -
• DirectQB (old MSDOS days)
• Allegro (C/C++, cross platform)
• PyGame (Python, SDL)
• PyGlet (Python, OpenGL)
• XNA (Windows, XBox, dotNET, C#, VB)
• DirectX (Windows specific, VC++, C# ...)
Programming• Many options to choose from -
• DirectQB (old MSDOS days)
• Allegro (C/C++, cross platform)
• PyGame (Python, SDL)
• PyGlet (Python, OpenGL)
• XNA (Windows, XBox, dotNET, C#, VB)
• DirectX (Windows specific, VC++, C# ...)
A Basic Game LoopStart
take input
find collisions
While player is alive
draw on buffer
put everything on screen
A Basic Game LoopStart
take input
find collisions
While player is alive
draw on buffer
put everything on screen
A Basic Game LoopStart
take input
find collisions
While player is alive
draw on buffer
put everything on screen
A Basic Game LoopStart
take input
find collisions
While player is alive
draw on buffer
put everything on screen
A Basic Game LoopStart
take input
find collisions
While player is alive
draw on buffer
put everything on screen
A Basic Game LoopStart
take input
find collisions
While player is alive
draw on buffer
put everything on screen
A Basic Game LoopStart
take input
find collisions
While player is alive
draw on buffer
put everything on screen
What now?
• An entertaining idea
• A Programming Language
• A Game programming framework
• Some bells, whistles & decorations
Python
• Dynamic, Interpreted, Interactive
• Object Oriented
• Easy to write, easy to read
• Popular - education, prototyping, quick hacks, research, unlimited
• Batteries included
• From web to standalones
Python
• Free
• On many platforms (Unix, Linux, Windows, OS X, Symbian S60, Java, BeOS)
• Lacks type declaration
• Huge library of modules
Python
• printf (“Hi %s”, name);print “Hi %s” % name
• int x = 45; float y = 1.01x = 45 y = 1.01
• int a[4] = {1,2,3,4}a = [1,2,3,4]a = [1,2,‘abhishek’, 4, 4.5]
Python
Indentation
if (name == ‘abc’): print “Yes”else: print “No”
PythonStrings
fruit = “Apple”
fruit = ‘Apple’
fruit = “““ Apple and ‘apple” ”””
fruit = ‘‘‘ foo bar ’’’
message = “Hello %s. Total is %d” % (name, total)
PythonLists
l = [1,2,3, ‘foo’, 4.5]print l[3]foo
l = [ [1,2,3], ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’ ]innerlist = l[0]print innerlist[1,2,3]
PythonDictionaries
Associative key => value pairs
d = { ‘name’ : ‘Ram’, ‘age’:45 }
print d[‘name’]print d[‘age’]
d[‘salary’] = 45000
Python
Loops
for (int x=0; x<10; x+=2) { // do something }
for x in range(0,10,2): # do something
PythonLoops
L = [1,2,4,5,3,1]
for i in L: print i124531
PythonFunctions
def factorial( num ): if num==1: return 1 else: return num * factorial(num-1)
print factorial(4)
24
Python
Comments
# single line comment
“““ multi line ”””
Python
Modules
import mathprint math.pi
• Based on SDL (Simple Directmedia Layer)
• Works on Windows, OSX, Linux, N900, etc
• Big array of modules, does a lot to save time
• http://pygame.org
• $ sudo easy_install pygame
http://www.pygame.org/docs/
http://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/examples.html
pygame.Color
pygame.Rect pygame.Surface
pygame.camera
pygame.draw
pygame.display
pygame.font
pygame.image
pygame.event
pygame.midi
pygame.mixer
pygame.mouse
pygame.moviepygame.time
pygame.transform
...
Code / Demo time
To be continued ...