introduction to genetics -...
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Introduction to Genetics Packet #1
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Genetics
Genetics
The study of inherited traits and their variation.
Should not be confused with genealogy.
Genetics is a life science.
Biological science
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Heredity
Heredity
The transmission of traits between generations
How similar offspring are to their parents
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Genetics & Heredity Connection
Genetics is the study of how traits are transmitted.
Genetics is the scientific study of heredity.
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Traits
Traits are observable properties of organisms.
Traits can be physical or even biochemical. Freckles
Red hair
Blue eyes
Talents
Ability to run fast
Humor
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Genetics and the Link to the Hierarchy of Biology
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Hierarchy
The living world is a hierarchy where each level of biological structure, builds on the level below it.
Thursday, August 20, 2015 © Ryan Barrow 2013 7
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Thursday, August 20, 2015 8 © Ryan Barrow 2013
Atoms
Molecules
Macro-molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissue Organs
Organ Systems
Organism Population
Community
Ecosystem Biosphere
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The Connection—Genetics & the Hierarchy
Genetics considers the transmission of information at several levels of the hierarchy.
Molecular
Macromolecular
Cellular
Tissue
Organs/Organism
Families*
Populations
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How do Scientists Study Genes?
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Transmission Genetics
The study of how genes, and traits, are passed on from one generation to the next.
Height
Flower color
The most basic form of genetic study.
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Pedigree Analysis
A branch of transmission genetics.
The study of inheritance of traits in humans.
The study and construction of family trees and transmission of genetic traits within the families.
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Cytogenetics
Branch of genetics that studies the organization and arrangement of genes, on the chromosome, the structure of the chromosome and the number of chromosomes that are available within a species.
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Molecular Genetics
The study of genetic events at the molecular level.
Involves the use of recombinant DNA technology to identify, isolate and produce millions of copies of genes.
Used in the diagnosis of genetic disorders
Gene therapy
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Genomics
In the field of genomics, scientists are trying to determine: -
The organization of an entire genome
How are genes changing over time?
The function of genes from an entire genome
How are genes influenced and how do they interact with each other?
How are genes influenced by environmental factors?
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Population Genetics
The study of the distribution of genes within a population’s gene pool.
Population genetics shows how much variation there is within a population and how migration, population size and natural selection affects the variation.
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Fields of Genetics
Transmission
Genetics
Pedigree Genetics
Cytogenetics
Molecular Genetics
Genomics
Population Genetics
Fields of Genetics/Studying Genetics
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Review