Introduction toGEOGRAPHY

Geography Review

1. Spatial – where a place is located in space.

2. Places – what an area is like

3. Regions – places that have physical features or human characteristics or both in common

4. Movement – migration – the movement of people, goods, ideas, animals, and plants from one place to another

5. Human-Environment Interaction – Interaction between human beings and their environment.

Geography Review

• Hemispheres -

• Latitude -

• Longitude -

• Absolute Location -

Latitude and Longitude

Longitude

Latitude

Major Lines

• Prime Meridian – a longitude line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. It divides the Earth into East and West hemispheres.

• Equator – a latitude line that circles the Earth halfway between the North Pole and South Pole. It divides the Earth into North and South hemispheres.

Prime Meridian and Equator

Label the map below following these directions:1. Northern Hemisphere label it and color it blue 2. Southern Hemisphere label it and color it red 3. Eastern Hemisphere label it and color it yellow 4. Western Hemisphere label it and color it white

5. Pick one latitude line label it 6. Pick one longitude line label it 7. Prime Meridian label it and color it black 8. Equator label it and color it black

• General Purpose – Physical and Political

• Special Purpose – Thematic

• Cartography – map making

Geography

• Key/Legend – Explains symbols

• Scale – Helps figure distance

• Compass Rose – Directions• Colors – Show different information (river/street)

• Symbols – Mean different things (cities/trees)

Label the parts of the map.

C________________

B. ________________

A. ________________

What’s missing? ________________________________

POP QUIZ!!!

• How much do you know about maps?

Take this short quiz to review……

QUIZ!!

Geography Review

•Bar Graph

•Line Graph

•Circle Graph

Geography Review•Charts – Present facts and numbers in an organized way.

•Pictographs – Use rows of small pictures or symbols to represent amounts.

•Climographs – Combines a line graph and a bar graph.

•Diagrams – Drawings that show steps in a process, point out the parts of an object, or explain how something works.

Label the ChartUsing your notes, label the following charts as a Pictograph, Climograph, or Diagram

1.____________ 2._____________ 3.____________

4.____________ 5.____________ 6.____________

Geography Review

• Developed based on important events and are used to measure time.

• Julius Caesar developed a calendar based on the founding of the Roman Empire.

• Our calendar is based on the birth of Christ. It is used by the U.S. and most of the world today.

• Our calendar years are separated by:BC – Before Christ {500 BC}AD – Anno Domini (the year of our Lord) {200 AD}BCE – Before Common Era {200 BCE}CE – Common Era {200 CE}

• The symbol c in a year means approximately. {c500 BC means approximately 500 years before Christ}

Geography Review

• Diagram showing an order of events.• Shows periods or blocks of time.• Year 1 is the base year. There is no year 0.

• BC time grows smaller each year closer to year 1.• AD time grows larger each year farther away from year 1.

500BC 200BC 100BC 1 100AD 500AD 1000AD

Time Line• Fill in the time line below…

Make a time line

Make a time line of important events in your life. Include:

1.A Title (include your name)

2.Your birth year

3.5 important events in your life (the year only)

4.3 pictures for your time line

Landforms and TermsUse pages 12-13 in your book to write the definitions to the following words:

1.Volcano -_____________________________________________________________________________________

2.Strait - _______________________________________________________________________________________

3.Island - _______________________________________________________________________________________

4.Swamp - ______________________________________________________________________________________

5.Flood Plain - ___________________________________________________________________________________

6.River (Mouth) - _________________________________________________________________________________

7.Sea Level - ____________________________________________________________________________________

8.Bay - _________________________________________________________________________________________

9.Cape - ________________________________________________________________________________________

10.Harbor - _______________________________________________________________________________________

11.Marsh - ________________________________________________________________________________________

12.Delta - _________________________________________________________________________________________

13.Flood Plain - ____________________________________________________________________________________

14.Oasis - _________________________________________________________________________________________

15.Desert - ________________________________________________________________________________________

16.Mesa - _________________________________________________________________________________________

17.Prairie - ________________________________________________________________________________________

18.Mountain - ______________________________________________________________________________________

19.Steppe - ________________________________________________________________________________________

20.Valley - _________________________________________________________________________________________

21.Glacier - ________________________________________________________________________________________

22.Canyon - ________________________________________________________________________________________

23.Cliff - ___________________________________________________________________________________________

24.Plateau - ________________________________________________________________________________________

Landforms

• River

• Mountain

• Stream

• Highway

Make a map that includes each of the above items. Use clay, paint, markers, etc.

Landforms in AlabamaBased on the reading and map, answer the following questions.

In the north and northeastern regions of Alabama, and along much of its border with Georgia, the lands are hilly and mountainous.

The central, west and southwestern areas are covered by rolling grassland plains that slope gently west into Mississippi, and south to the Gulf of Mexico.

The Cumberland Plateau in the north is an elevated, somewhat flat area, dissected by the massive Tennessee River system and many small tributaries.

The Piedmont Upland is dominated by several flat-topped mountains, while the Piedmont Plateau in the southeast is generally less elevated land, averaging about 1000 ft. above sea level.

The Appalachian Mountains, about 1,500 miles in length, extend from north-central Alabama, up through the New England states and on into the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Quebec.

Alabama is heavily wooded, and in fact, forests cover almost 65% of available land. Several mountains of size stand in northeastern Alabama, with Lookout Mountain the most prominent. Further south in the Talladega Range of the Appalachians, the highest point in the state, Cheaha Mountain, stands at 2,407 ft.

Underground caves are found throughout Alabama. Marshland and swamps are common in the far south along the Coastal Plain that fronts the Gulf of Mexico and stretches on into Florida.

Alabama contains over 1,350 miles of navigable rivers, more than any other continental U.S. State. Major ones include the Alabama, Chattahoochee, Conecuh, Mobile, Tennessee and Tombigbee.

Name:__________________________________________________Date:_______________

_____1. The land in north Alabama is

a. Mountainous b. Flat c. A gulf

_____2. Alabama is heavily wooded.

a. True b. False

_____3. The Appalachian Mountains extend from Alabama to Quebec.

a. True b. False

_____4. Lookout Mountain is the highest point in Alabama.

a. True b. False

_____5. Underground caves are found throughout Alabama.

a. True b. False

_____6. Alabama has no rivers.

a. True b. False

_____7. Alabama has more navigable rivers than any other US state.

a. True b. False

_____8. The Piedmont Plateau is located in the Northern part of Alabama.

a. True b. False

_____9. The Tennessee River system runs through Alabama.

a. True b. False

_____10. What is the highest point in the state of Alabama?

a. Cheaha Mountain b. Lookout Mountain c. Cumberland Plateau

Land Use

• How do we use the land around us?

Commercial – land being used for a business

Residential – land being used as a home

Agricultural – land being used for a farm

There are several ways to describe land use. What are some others you know?

Look at the map and answer the following questions about land use in Piedmont, AL.

_____1. Which type of use is least popular in this city?

a. Conservation b. Woodland c. Pasture

____2. Which type of use is most popular in Piedmont?

a. Woodland b. Conservation c. Pasture

___3. Conservation areas are in the southern part of Piedmont only.

a. True b. False

___4. Woodland use is reserved for the southern part of Piedmont only.

a. True b. False

___5. There is a great deal of hayland in Piedmont.

a. True b. False