introduction to gis in water resources david r. maidment director, center for research in water...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to GIS in Water Resources David R. Maidment Director, Center for Research in Water Resources University of Texas at Austin CRWR](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bff51a28abf838cbdb9f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to GIS in Water Resources
David R. MaidmentDirector,
Center for Research in Water Resources
University of Texas at Austin
CRWR
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National Hydro Data ProgramsNational Elevation Dataset
(NED)National Hydrography Dataset
(NHD)
Watershed Boundary DatasetNED-Hydrology
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National Elevation Dataset
• Digital Elevation Model with 1 arc-second (30m) cells
• Seamless in 1° blocks for the United States
• 10 billion data• Derived from USGS
1:24,000 quadrangle sheets
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Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Contours
720
700
680
740
680700720740
720 720
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Austin West 30 Meter DEM
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16
8
64
4
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1
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Eight Direction Pour Point Model
Water flows in the direction of steepest descent
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Flow Direction Grid
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8
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Cell to Cell Grid NetworkThrough the Landscape
Stream cell
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Delineation of Streams and Watersheds on a DEM
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GTOPO30 - 1 km Digital Elevation Model of the Earth
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Drainage in North America
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1500 Major Drainage Basins
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National Hydro Data ProgramsNational Elevation Dataset
(NED)National Hydrography Dataset
(NHD)
Watershed Boundary DatasetNED-Hydrology
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Watersheds of the US
2-digit water resource regions 8-digit HUC watersheds
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Hydrologic Unit Code Watersheds~ 2000 for US, about the size of counties
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Watershed Hierarchy
8 HUC
4
2
6
NED-H
1012
Available In Progress
Digit #
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Watershed Boundary Dataset
• National Program by USGS and USDA (NRCS)
• Boundaries for 10- and 12- digit watersheds
• First cut is by automated delineation from NED
• Hand checked and edited
10-digit watersheds
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• National program by USGS and NWS
• 5000 cell threshold on a 30m DEM (~ 8 km2 average drainage area)
• ~ 1 million catchments for US when completed
• Includes grid derived products e.g. topmodel index
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EPA River Reach File 1 (RF1)
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River networksfor 8-digit HUC watersheds
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Lower West Fork, Trinity River BasinHUC = 12030102
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NHD River Reaches
412 River ReachesIn Upper West Fork
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River Reach Codes
Rch_Code = 12030102000151
Rch_Code = 12030102000005
HUC# Segment#
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Colorado River Network1:100,000 scale river network
developed from NHD~ 60,000 edges
40,000 mile2 drainage area
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City of Austin Stream Network
Developed from 1”=100’Capco Areal photogrammetry
1:1200 scale63,000 edges
6,300 stream miles
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Stream Definition: Waller CreekAustin Watersheds with Streamsderived from Aerial Photographs
Streamlines generated by the aerial photographs are not always continuous.
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Information for Correcting Stream Network
•DEM
•Contours
•Storm sewers
•Orthophotos
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Resulting Corrected Stream
Subsequent steps:• Verification of corrected streams by flood hydrologists.• Running “tracer” program to connect arcs.• Burning of streams into DEM.
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Colorado River at Mansfield Dam
River ReachesLake Travis
From NHD1:100,000
scale
City of AustinStream network
1:1200 scale
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Detailed Comparison between NHD and Austin streams
Good agreement between data sets developed independently at very different spatial scales
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County Level Digital Soil Maps
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National Land Cover Dataset
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PRISM Mean Annual Precipitation
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National Water Information System
Web access to USGS water resources data in real time
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Synthesis of GIS and Modeling
GIS Environmental Modeling
Environmental description Process representation
Data
Input
Model
Results
(slide from 1st International Conference on GIS and Environmental Modeling, Boulder, 1991)
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Data-Driven Modeling
Model 1
Model 2
Models
Data base
Data sources
12
Form the model within the frame of the available data
(slide from 3rd International Conference on GIS and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, 1996)
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Successes in GIS-Model Integration• EPA Office of Science and Technology
– BASINS
• Hydrologic Engineering Center– HEC GeoRAS and HEC-GeoHMS
• Waterways Experiment Station and Brigham Young University– WMS, GMS, SMS,…
• Danish Hydraulic Institute – Mike11 GIS, Mike Basin, Mike21 GIS
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Sta
te a
nd
Loc
al D
ata
Sta
te a
nd
Loc
al D
ata
DecisionsDecisions
Watershed Management
.
TMDL.
Source Water Protection
.Stormwater
DecisionsDecisions
Watershed Management
.
TMDL.
Source Water Protection
.Stormwater
DataDataCartographicCartographic
MonitoringMonitoring
LoadingsLoadings
DataDataCartographicCartographic
MonitoringMonitoring
LoadingsLoadings
ModelsModels HSPF - NPSMHSPF - NPSM
QUAL2EQUAL2E
TOXIROUTETOXIROUTE
Post-ProcessorsPost-Processors
ModelsModels HSPF - NPSMHSPF - NPSM
QUAL2EQUAL2E
TOXIROUTETOXIROUTE
Post-ProcessorsPost-Processors
ToolsToolsTargetTarget
AssessmentAssessment
Data MiningData Mining
ReportingReporting
ToolsToolsTargetTarget
AssessmentAssessment
Data MiningData Mining
ReportingReporting
BASINSBASINS - Integrating GIS and Water Quality ModelingTarget
Assess
DM
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Integrating GIS and HEC Flood Models
ArcViewDigital
ElevationModel
HEC-HMSFlood
discharge
HEC-RASWatersurfaceprofiles
ArcViewFlood
plain maps
HEC-GeoHMS HEC-GeoRAS
Digital Map Database
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Austin Watersheds
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DEM Watersheds for Austin
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Integrating GIS and HEC Flood Models
ArcViewDigital
ElevationModel
HEC-HMSFlood
discharge
HEC-RASWatersurfaceprofiles
ArcViewFlood
plain maps
HEC-GeoHMS HEC-GeoRAS
Digital Map Database
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Austin Watersheds
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DEM Watersheds for Austin
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Selected Watersheds and Streams
Mansfield Dam
ColoradoRiver
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HMS Schematic Prepared with CRWR-PrePro
Mansfield Dam
ColoradoRiver
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HMS Model of the Austin Region
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HMS Results
Watershed 155 Junction 44
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Integrating GIS and HEC Flood Models
ArcViewDigital
ElevationModel
HEC-HMSFlood
discharge
HEC-RASWatersurfaceprofiles
ArcViewFlood
plain maps
HEC-GeoHMS HEC-GeoRAS
Digital Map Database
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Waller Creek DEM
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Waller Creek HMS Model
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Connecting HMS and RAS
HMS
RAS
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Discharge at a Particular Cross-Section(HMS) (RAS)
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Points describe channel and floodway geometry
Bank station locations
Water surface elevations and floodplain boundaries
HEC-RAS: Cross-Section Description
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Flood Plain Mapping
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Floodplain Mapping: 3-D View