Introduction to Harvard (Author-Date) Referencing

Donna Irving

Why do I need to reference properly?

Evidence – back up your opinions

To avoid plagiarism – say when something is someone’s work or idea

To enable follow-up

MARKS!

How to avoid plagiarism

Use other people’s work to provide evidence for your own but

Summarise it in your own words and acknowledge it (Giddins, 2007)

Or use quotation marks for their words and acknowledge it (but only use quotations very rarely)

How do I reference?

Part 1: Citing in your assignment

surname (not initials) or name of organisation

and year of publication (Author-Date)

the Dutch people, on average, are the tallest in the world (Leroi, 2004) ….. according to the Department of Health (2002) ……. Smith’s research (2002) shows that…….

Quotations

“The personal is political” (Hanisch, 1969, p.204)

But keep direct quotations to an absolute minimum.

Useful when the words are famous, significant or very apt.

Too many quotes will show you haven’t done the necessary thinking for yourself

How do I reference?

Part 2: the reference list

At the end of your work

Full details of the sources you have used

In alphabetical order by author’s surname.

All the authors’ names are given

Not included in word count

Not a bibliography

What’s a bibliography

A bibliography is a list of everything you read, whether or not you referred specifically to it (cited it) in your assignment.

References are the full details of the sources you have referred to (cited) in your assignment

Example

From “Should nurses wear uniforms?”:

Some discussion on whether uniforms cause cross-infection

Example

McCulloch (2000) states that in clinical areas plastic aprons will

be sufficient protection from contamination of uniforms in most

circumstances even where there is a heavy risk. According to

Hartley (2005), nurses seen wearing uniforms in public have

been criticised for carrying contamination out into the community,

despite there being no evidence linking infection risk to nurses

wearing uniforms to and from work.

This public perception has led to some trusts banning nurses

wearing their uniforms in commercial premises on their way to

and from work. Recent guidelines state that acute health settings

must provide adequate changing and laundering facilities for staff

(Royal College of Nursing, 2005).

How do I reference a book?

Authors surname then Initials not first names

Year of publication

Underline name of book

Where was it published

Name of publisher

McCulloch, J. (2001) Infection control: science, management and practice. London: Whurr

Write a reference for this book

An illustrated guide to infection control published in 2011. It is be Kathleen Motacki. It was published in New York. The publisher was Springer.

Author (year) Title of book. publication: Publisher

…and this one

Infection control in clinical practice by Jennie Wilson ; foreword by Elizabeth A. Jenner Published by Bailliáere Tindall, who are based in Edinburgh. The book was published in 2006.

How did you do?

Motacki, K. (2011) An illustrated guide to infection control New York: Springer.

Wilson, J. (2006) Infection control in clinical practice. Edinburgh: Bailliáere Tindall

Try it from the catalogue record

http://tinyurl.com/3qf6d6z

Is yours the same?

Tilmouth, T. (2009) Safe and clean care infection prevention and control for health and social care students. Exeter: Reflect Press

How do I reference an article?

Author(s) surname and initials (list all)

Year of published

Title of article

Title of journal – underlined

Volume number

Issue number

Page numbersDetails are usually given at the top or bottom of each page but do check when you print out or photocopy.

Hartley, J. (2005) Time for change. Nursing Times, 101 (13), pp. 22-23

Try this one:

An article published in the British Journal of Nursing written by Christine Perry in 1998 called Three major issues in infection control. It was published on page 946 in volume 7, issue number 16

Author(s) (year) Title of article. Title of Journal. Volume number (issue number) page number(s) p.

How did you do?

Perry, C. (1998) Three major issues in infection control. British Journal of Nursing. 7(16) p.946 - 952

Try this journal article

Is yours the same?

Bissett, L. (2010) MRSA: minimize the spread. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants. 4 (1) p. 6

How do I reference websites?

You still need Author-Date

Underline title of webpage (not URL)

Put [online], URL (web address) and date you saw the page

If you can’t identify the author, cite the title – but be careful

Royal College of Nursing (2005) Guidance on uniforms and clothing worn in the delivery of patient care [online]. London: Royal College of Nursing. Available from: http://www.rcn.org.uk/resources/mrsa/downloads/Wipe_it_out-Guidance_on_uniforms.pdf [Accessed 29 January 2007]

Try this webpage

Website at http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/Basics.html Named - Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings Written and published by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. Page last updated: May 19, 2011. Page accessed today

Author (Year) Title of webpage. [online]. Place of publication: Publisher. Available from full url [accessed todays date]

Check yours against:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings [online] Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/Basics.html [accessed 11th October 2011]

The reference list

Hartley, J. (2005) Time for change. Nursing Times ,101 (13), pp. 22-23

McCulloch, J. (2000) Infection control: science, management and practice. London: Whurr

Royal College of Nursing (2005) Guidance on uniforms and clothing worn in the delivery of patient care [online]. London: Royal College of Nursing. Available from: http://www.rcn.org.uk/resources/mrsa/downloads/Wipe_it_out-Guidance_on_uniforms.pdf [Accessed 29 January 2007]

Key points

Remember it’s the Author-Date style. You need to identify and credit the author.

It’s only a habit – get it right as soon as possible

When making notes and copies, write on all the details you’ll need for your reference

HELP!

Referencing guide – online or print

Endnote workshops

Library information desk

See: School of Health Studies Harvard Referencing Guide

Coming soon in Blackboard – Plagiarism Avoidance for New Students