Introduction to Health Care

Lecture #1

NUR101 Fall 2009K. Burger, MSEd, MSN, RN, CNE

Introduction to Health Care

Concepts of NursingThe Nursing roleNursing described

Theoretical FrameworksNursing theorists – common themesStress and AdaptationNursing Process

NursingAn ART and SCIENCE

Caring: nursing is caring for and about people

Individualized: nursing is adapting to each persons needs

Holistic: nursing views the ENTIRE person including physical, spiritual, social, psychological and economic needs

NursingAn ART and SCIENCE

Interpersonal: nursing involves individuals, families, groups - each interrelated

Reasoning: nursing is a science that requires critical thinking

Comprehensive: nursing involves health promotion, disease prevention, health restoration and care of the dying

Concepts of NursingNursing Defined

ANA (American Nurses Association) 2003 Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and populations

Concepts of NursingNursing Leaders

Florence Nightingale- 1800’s …manipulation of the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery…

Virginia Henderson- 1960’s…. nursing practice as independent from the practice of medicine…viewed the patient as an individual needing help toward independence.

The Nursing Role

CaregiverCommunicatorTeacher/EducatorLeader/ManagerResearcherAdvocate

The Nursing Role

Involves many facets of the health-care delivery system: preventive care primary care secondary care tertiary care restorative care continuing care

Nursing is a PROFESSION

Theoretical Framework

Professional Organization

Autonomy

Code of Ethics

EducationalRequirements

Characteristicsof a

PROFESSION

Standards of Professional Performance

Defined for the health profession by the: Pew Health Professions Commission 21 Competencies for the Twenty-first Century

with emphasis on ethical responsibilities, evidence-based clinical competencies, primary and preventative care, community health advocacy, and continuing education.

Standards of Professional Performance

Defined for the registered nurse by the American Nurses Association (ANA) in the areas of:Quality of practice EducationProfessional practice evaluationCollegialityCollaborationEthicsResearchResource utilizationLeadership

Standards for Professional Performance

Defined by the SCCC School of Nursing in its 17 Program Objectives and Progression of Core Components (see

student handbook) Professional Behaviors

Communication Assessment Clinical Decision Making Caring Interventions Teaching and Learning Collaboration Managing Care

Nursing Theory

Theory helps provide knowledge to improve practice

Theoretical knowledge provides nurses with increased power

Theory provides autonomyTheory helps develop critical thinking

Common Nursing Theory Elements

Human beings benefit from nursing care Human beings have inner capacity to improve

health Understanding human beings will improve and

facilitate nursing care People interact with each other Health is more then biological needs Improved health is goal of society Health has a positive value

Interdisciplinary Theories

Maslow: hierarchy of basic human needsErikson: psychosocial developmentPiaget: cognitive developmentSystems theory Health and Wellness theoryStress and Adaptation theory

Nursing Process

ASSESSMENT

NURSING DIAGNOSIS

PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

EVALUATION

Health and Wellness

Traditionally health and illness were viewed as two separate entities

WHO (World Health Organization) defines health as “the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

Currently viewed as: Health-Illness Continuum

Health - Illness Continuum

Measures a person’s perception of health

Constantly changing state

High level wellness at one end, normal health in the center and illness-death at the opposite end

Stress and Adaptation

Stressors = disruptive forcesAdaptations = reactions to stress and

stressors Nursing acts to develop interventions to

reduce or prevent stressors

Caring in Nursing Practice

Caring is a “universal phenomenon”Caring is “at the heart of a nurse’s ability”

to deliver respectful, therapeutic care.Caring behaviors include:

-providing presence-using touch appropriately-listening attentively-knowing the client

Critical Thinking Exercise

Lindsey is a senior nursing student assigned to care for Mrs. Lowe, a 62-year-old client being treated for lymphoma (cancer of the lymph nodes). Mrs. Lowe is to receive an injection for her pain. In what way can Lindsay show caring in the way she administers the injection to Mrs. Lowe?