introduction to information systems shelly cashman rosenblatt systems analysis & design
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION TOINFORMATION SYSTEMS
Shelly Cashman Rosenblatt
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Chapter 1
Introduction to Information Systems
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Objectives
Describe an information system and explain its components and characteristics
Explain how different levels of a business organization use and handle information
Describe the phases and objectives of the systems development life cycle
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Objectives
Explain the use of software tools in the development of information systems
List the major functions performed by the information systems department
Discuss a systems analyst’s responsibilities, skills, and opportunities
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Objectives
Identify six common business information systems and describe their primary features
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Why do businesses depend on computers more than ever? Global competition Intense pressure for quality Information technology can mean the
difference between survival and failure
Introduction
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
What is required for successful business information systems? The right hardware and software A team of talented, motivated people who use
information technology to achieve business goals
Introduction
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Introduction
IBM summed it up this way:
“Knowledge Management
Calls for a New Way of Thinking”
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Introduction
IBM study cited 4 basic rules for success in the new marketplace The customer always is right Skilled employees create happy customers The organization and its information systems
must reflect customer expectations — not the other way around
Information technology will be the essential factor in determining success
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Systems and Procedures
Procedures specify how the work must be done
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Systems and Procedures
Procedures specify how the work must be done
A system is a group of related procedures for a specific business function
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Systems and Procedures
Procedures specify how the work must be done
A system is a group of related procedures for a specific business function
Data is basic facts that are the system's raw material
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Systems and Procedures
Procedures specify how work must be done A system is a group of related procedures for a
specific business function Data is basic facts that are the system's raw
material Processing transforms input into accurate,
meaningful business information
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Information System Components
Hardware Software Data Procedures People
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Hardware is the physical layer of the information system
Information System Components
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Software System software controls the hardware and
software environment and includes the operating system
Application software consists of programs that that process data to produce information
Information System Components
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Data stored in files and databases is a vital component of every system
Information System Components
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Procedures define the tasks that must be performed by users, managers, and IS staff
Information System Components
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People who use the system are called users, or end users, and include employees, customers, vendors, or others who interact with the system
Information System Components
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Business Information Systems
Companies are classified based on their main activities: Production-oriented (industrial ) companies that
manufacture & sell goods Service companies that mainly offer
information, services, or sell goods made by others
Combined industrial & service companies
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Business Information Systems
Characteristics of business information systems
4 main characteristics affect a business information system’s complexity Relationships with other systems Boundaries Specialized business needs Size of the company
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Types of Information Systems
Operational systems Management information systems Decision support systems Executive information systems Expert systems Office systems
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Types of Information Systems
Operational systems process data generated by day-to-day business transactions
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Types of Information Systems
Management information systems generate timely and accurate information for top, middle, and lower managers
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Types of Information Systems
Decision support systems help managers make business decisions by analyzing data and providing a what-if model
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Types of Information Systems
Executive information systems support information requirements of top-level managers who make unstructured decisions
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Expert systems simulate human reasoning and decision-making using a knowledge base and inference rules
Office systems are used by knowledge workers
Types of Information Systems
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Elements include Local and wide area networking Electronic mail, voice mail, and fax Video conferencing, word processing,
automated calendars, electronic filing Database management, spreadsheets, desktop
publishing, presentation graphics Company intranets, and Internet access
throughout the company
Types of Information Systems
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Four organizational levelsOperational personnelLower managementMiddle managementTop management
Organizational Levels
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Four organizational levelsOperational personnelLower managementMiddle managementTop management
Responsibilities, decision-making styles, and information system requirements
Organizational Levels
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Four organizational levelsOperational personnelLower managementMiddle managementTop management
Responsibilities, decision-making styles, and information system requirements
Empowerment of operational personnel
Organizational Levels
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Systems planning Systems analysis Systems design Systems implementation Systems operation and support
Systems Development Life Cycle
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Systems planning Preliminary investigation report
Systems analysis System requirements document
Systems design System design specification
Systems implementation Complete functioning information system
Systems operation and support Operational information system
Systems Development Life Cycle
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Systems planning Purpose – identify problem’s nature/scope Systems request – begins the process &
describes desired changes/improvements Systems planning – includes preliminary
investigation or feasibility study End product – preliminary investigation report
Systems Development Life Cycle
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Systems analysis Purpose is to learn exactly how the current
system operates Fact-finding or requirements determination is
used to define all functions of the current system
Systems Development Life Cycle
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Options Develop a system in-house Purchase a commercial package Modify an existing system Stop development
The end product for this phase is the systems requirements document
Systems Development Life Cycle
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Systems designPurpose is to satisfy all documented
requirements Identify all outputs, inputs, files, manual
procedures, & application programsAvoid misunderstanding through manager and
user involvementEnd product is system design specification
Systems Development Life Cycle
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Systems implementationConstruct/deliver information system Prepares functioning, documented systemWrite, test, document application programsUser and manager approval obtainedFile conversion occursUsers, managers, IS staff trained to operate and
support the systemPost-implementation evaluation performed
Systems Development Life Cycle
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
Systems operation and supportNew system supports business operationsMaintenance changes correct errors or meet
requirementsEnhancements increase system capabilityAfter several years of operation, systems
experience need for extensive changes Systems development life cycle ends with
system replacement
Systems Development Life Cycle
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Systems Development Life Cycle
General considerationsComplete the phases in sequenceFocus on end productsEstimate required resources
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Systems Development Life Cycle
Automated tools for systems development
Software toolsPrototypesComputer-aided software engineering
(CASE)
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TRADEOFF
Is it better to have more or fewer phases in the SDLC? More phases can result in more checkpoints,
end products, and work Fewer phases can result in less cost and faster
development time Success really depends on the skills and
motivation of the development team
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
A KEY QUESTION
Should Momma’s, a small chain of 12 bed and breakfast inns, adopt the SDLC process of Global Hotels, a large multinational hotel company?
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Information Systems Department
Operations group responsible for centralized computers and processing
Technical support group installs and supports systems software and serves in an advisory and support capacity to other groups in the IS department
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Information Systems Department
Applications group analyzes, designs, programs, tests, installs, and maintains the company’s information systems
Information center (IC) provides users with technical resources, information, and support
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The Systems Analyst Position
Responsibilities Required skills and background Career opportunities
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN 3E
TRADEOFF
As a systems analyst, is working at a small or large company better for you?
Points to consider: Professional growth and experience Corporate culture Variety in assignments Amount of responsibility Salary, location, and company’s prospects
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Which job offer should Lisa Jameson choose?
Pembroke BoatsSmall boat-building firmLocated in small townLisa would create a new IS department
A KEY QUESTION
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Albemarle Express Nationwide trucking company headquartered in
Detroit Higher salary Lisa would start as programmer/analyst Opportunity to become systems analyst Acquisition rumors
A KEY QUESTION
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Background and history Company organization chart IS department structure
SOFTWEAR, LIMITED
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SOFTWEAR, LIMITED
Background and history Manufactures and sells casual and recreational
clothing Formed in 1991 $250 million total 1997 sales Total of 450 employees California & Texas manufacturing plants 125 people work at SWL’s headquarters in
Raleigh, N.C. SWL maintains a Web site
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Company organization chart President, Robert Lansing – four direct reports
Vice President Operations, David Josephs Vice President Marketing, Amy Neal Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy Vice President Human Resources, Tina
Pham
SOFTWEAR, LIMITED
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Company organization chart President, Robert Lansing – four direct reports
Vice President Operations, David Josephs Vice President Marketing, Amy Neal Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy
Director of Information Systems, Ann Hon, reports to the Vice President Finance, Michael Jeremy
Vice President Human Resources, Tina Pham
SOFTWEAR, LIMITED
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SOFTWEAR, LIMITED
IS department structure Director of Information Systems, Ann Hon, has
three direct reportsManager Applications, Jane RossmanManager Tech Support, Kerry KraussManager Operations, Gene Talkington
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