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Introduction to IPv6 NSS Wing,BSNL Mobile Services, Ernakulam 1

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IP Network Addressing IPv6 Internet: Worlds largest public data network doubling its size in every nine months Internet Protocol (IP) makes internet work Current version- IPv4 defines a 32 bit addressing scheme. Thus 2 32 or 4,294,967,296 addresses available. The main problem with IPv4 is eventual depletion of the IP address space. Traditional model of classful addressing does not allow the address space to be used to its maximum potential 2

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Techniques to reduce address shortage in IPv4 IPv6 Subnetting CIDR -Classless Inter Domain Routing NAT Network Address Translation 3

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Subnetting IPv6 Three level hierarchy- Network, Subnet and Host The extended-network-prefix is composed of the classful network-prefix and the subnet-number The extended-network-prefix has traditionally been identified by the subnet mask 4 Network-Prefix Subnet-Number Host-Number

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CIDR IPv6 Eliminates traditional classful IP routing. Supports the deployment of arbitrarily sized networks Routing information is advertised with a bit mask/prefix length specifies the number of leftmost contiguous bits in the network portion of each routing table entry Example: 192.168.0.0/21 5

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NAT IPv6 Each organization- single Public IP address Within organisation each host with IP unique to the organisation, from reserved set of IP addresses (Private IP Address) IP:Port is translated both way for inbound and outbound traffic. 6

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IPv6 Very large address space- 128 bit addressing scheme. New header format Efficient and hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure Stateless and stateful address configuration Built-in security Better support for quality of service (QoS) Extensibility 7

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IPv6 address format IPv6 3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234 8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by : Leading zeros can be removed eg: 3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234 :: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers (can be used once) 8

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IPv6: New header format IPv6 Fixed length main header Non-essential and optional headers moved to extension header Easy processing in intermediate devices. No backward compatibility with IPv4 9

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IPv6: Efficient and hierarchical addressing and routing infrastructure IPv6 IPv6 designed to create an efficient, hierarchical, and summarizable routing infrastructure that addresses the common occurrence of multiple levels of Internet service providers On the IPv6 Internet, backbone routers have much smaller routing tables. 10

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IPv6: Stateless and Stateful Address Autoconfiguration IPv6 Stateful Autoconfiguration: In the presense of a DHCP server Stateless Autoconfiguration: Without help of a DHCP server. Hosts in the same link can themselves configure IP Address and communicate 11

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IPv6: Built-in-Security IPv6 Use of IPSec is mandatory 12

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IPv6: Better Support of QoS IPv6 New field in IPv6 header defines how traffic is identified and handled. Flow label in the header filed identifies traffic. 13

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IPv6: Extensibility IPv6 IPv6 can be extended for new features by adding extension headers after the IPv6 header. Unlike the IPv4 header, which can only support 40 bytes of options, the size of IPv6 extension headers is only constrained by the size of the IPv6 packet. 14

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IPv6:Typical Mobile Network IPv6 15