introduction to journalism (basic news)-0.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction
toJournalism
Inverted Pyramid &
Journalism Vocabulary
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What is News?
An account of an event, or a fact or an
opinion that interests people.
A presentation of current events Anything that enough people want to read is
news, provided it meets the standards of
“good taste” and isn’t libelous.
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What makes News “News”?:
6 main reasons
1. Proimity: Location. Location. Location. f the
event is happening close by, it will have a greater
impact on your readers.
!. "imeliness: f something is happening !"#, ithas more impact on the reader. $he most recent
development in a story can be used as a #eature.
$. Prominence: f the people in the story are well
%nown, the story will have more impact on the
reader. &ost people are not as impacted if the
story involves people they do not %now.
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What makes News “News”?:
6 main reasons
%. on#lict: 'eaders are interested in rivalries,
arguments, fights, and disagreements.
'. Novelty: f something is unusual, original, or
uni(ue, readers want to %now what it is and why ithappened.
(. )uman Interest: f the story evo%es )inspires*
emotion in the reader such as anger, sadness, or
happiness, the reader will have a greater
connection with the story and the story will have a
greater impact.
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*asic News +e,ortin-
&ost news stories are written in a very
concise way in order to pac% as much
information into every line on the page.
n +ournalism, space is of a premium so your
writing must lend itself to this medium or
form.
$he simplest and most common structure ofthis %ind of writing is called the Inverted
Pyramid.
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nverted yramid
$o understand what the -inverted pyramid- name means, picturean upsidedown triangle one with the narrow tip pointingdownward and the broad base pointing upward.
$he broad base represents the most newsworthy information inthe news story, and the narrow tip represents the leastnewsworthy information in the news story.
ost
Newsworthy
/east Newsworthy
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nverted yramid
#hen you write a story in inverted pyramid
format, you put the most newsworthy
information at the beginning of the story and
the least newsworthy information at the end.
#hy does this format lend itself well to
+ournalism, especially news reporting/
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Why does the Inverted Pyramid
lend itsel# well to 0ournalism?
t gets the point of the story to the reader inthe fastest way possible.
t provides the facts without all of the “fluff” ofnormal writing.
t lends itself to (uic% editing of story length.
0ven if you cut off the last few sentences of a story inthis format to fit in a column on a page, the story is stillcomplete. t only lac%s some of the specifics.
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Inverted Pyramid ercise
reate an inverted ,yramid story #rom the
#ollowin- video cli,. "ry to write down as
many ,ertinent #acts as ,ossible.
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reate a 2act 3heet
"ne basic form is +ust using the 1w’s and 2 as
shown below:
Who What When Where Why )ow
4se this #orm to create a #act sheet #or the
,revious in#ormation.
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"he /ead
$o write an invertedpyramid story from the
facts, you first would write a lead that
summari3es the most important information.
$his summary should attempt to answer all
1w’s 4 2 )#ho, #hat, #hen, #here, #hy, and 2ow*
5oes your Lead answer all 1#’s 4 2/ f not, revise.
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Inverted Pyramid ercise
$he net graf or paragraph of the story
should pic% up on some element of the lead
and elaborate on it. "ne way is to elaborate about the victim, so your
net sentence would give details about him.
$ry to create your net sentence. 7eep
referring to your fact sheet. Avoid repeating facts because space is at a
premium or vary valuable.
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Inverted Pyramid ercise
0ach graf must have a logical connection to thepreceding graf.
$hese lin%s are called "ransitions, and they8re essential to%eeping the -flow- of the story smooth and logical.
Also, each graf must be very short, usually only one ortwo sentences long. All 0nglish instructors, li%e myself, rightly hammer into your
head that paragraphs in an essay should be 19 sentences. nnews writing, though, grafs are %ept short. Why?
. ;hort grafs add punchiness.<. $hey also loo% better when typeset into a long, s%inny column in a
newspaper.
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Inverted Pyramid ercise !
$a%e notes )=ollect >acts* and then write up
a new fact sheet for a story from your life. $ry to ma%e sure each of the 1#’s 4 2 have
about ? details.
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Vocabulary
'W53 & ) $he essentials of any story: who, what,when, where, why, and how
*67/IN ndicates who wrote the story@ oftenincludes the writer8s title
8P"I9N $he portion of the layout which eplainswhat is happening in a photograph. Also calledcutlines. "ften includes a photo credit.
:I"9+ 2as overall responsibility for the publication
:I"9+I8/ A type of story which serves to epressan opinion and encourage the reader to ta%e someaction
")I3 A standard of conduct based on moralbeliefs
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Vocabulary
28" A statement that can be proven. !ot anopinion
28"4+ A story written with some interpretationthat goes beyond +ust reporting the facts
2/8; $he name of the paper that usually appearsat the top of page one
;+82 A paragraph in news writing. $hese areoften short, around <? sentences.
)8+ A form of headline consisting of a fewvery large words over a smaller subheadline
)8:/IN Large type designed to summari3e astory and grab the reader8s attention
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Vocabulary
)48N IN"+3" An element of news that includespeople or events with which the audience can identify@stories that are +ust interesting
INV+": P6+8I: A style of writing most commonlyapplied to news stories in which the most important factsappear early in the story and less important facts later inthe story
<I<+ A short )one or two word* statement at the
beginning of a caption that serves to grab the reader8sattention /8: $he beginning of the story which serves to
summari3e the story andor grab the reader8s attention
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Vocabulary
/I*/ #ritten defamation@ damaging false statementsagainst another person or institution that are in writing orare spo%en from a written script
=49"8"I9N A statement made by another personincluded in a published story. A direct (uotation is eactlywhat the person said and appears inside (uotationmar%s. An indirect (uote is a paraphrase of what aperson said and does not appear in (uotes.
+VIW A form of editorial written to comment on a play,movie, piece of music or some other creative wor% 3/8N:+ ;po%en defamation@ damaging false
statements against another person or institution that arespo%en