introduction to kinematics
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to Kinematics. Mechanics. Mechanics is the study of motion. There are two main branches of Mechanics: Kinematics Dynamics. Kinematics. Kinematics is the branch of physics that deals with describing motion without making reference to the things that cause the motion. Dynamics. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to KinematicsIntroduction to Kinematics
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MechanicsMechanics
Mechanics is the study of motion. There are two main branches of
Mechanics:1. Kinematics
2. Dynamics
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KinematicsKinematics
Kinematics is the branch of physics that deals with describing motion without making reference to the things that cause the motion.
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DynamicsDynamics
Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that deals with both the motion and the causes of the motion of an object.
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Quantitative vs Qualitative Quantitative vs Qualitative ObservationsObservations
Qualitative Observations involve describing something using words and not number.– Examples: a tall man; a heavy man; a flexible,
transparent, and red ruler.
Quantitative Observations involve describing things using measurements.– Examples: 125 kilograms, 199 centimetres, 9.6
seconds
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Quantitative Observations and Quantitative Observations and MeasurementsMeasurements
Quantitative Observations are more accurate than Qualitative Observations.
Measurements must have at least two parts. They must have a number and a unit.– Examples: 35 g, 56.25 mg
There are two different types of Quantitative Observations: Scalars and Vectors.
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ScalarsScalars
Scalars have only a magnitude and a unit but do not have a direction.– Examples: 75 kg, 42 pounds, 12 cm,
3300 Ohms.
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VectorsVectors
Vectors are directed measurements.Vectors include both a magnitude (size), a
unit, and a direction.– Examples: 8.5 km [N], 13 m [down]
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Comparison of Vectors and ScalarsComparison of Vectors and Scalars
Vectors Scalars
Displacement Distance
Velocity Speed
Acceleration Acceleration
Time
Mass
Energy
Force
Electric Field
Voltage
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SI Units of Measurement: SI Units of Measurement: Base UnitsBase Units
Name Symbol Unit of
metre m length
kilogram kg mass
second s time
ampere A electric current
kelvin Kthermodynamic temperature
mole mol amount of substance
candela cd luminous intensity
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SI Units of Measurement: SI Units of Measurement: Derived UnitsDerived Units
By combining the seven base units, all other quantities can be measured.
For instance, volume can be measured in m³, speed can be measured using m/s, and force can be measured in kg·m/s².
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SI Units of Measurement: SI Units of Measurement: PrefixesPrefixes
Factor Name Symbol
1024 yotta Y
1021 zetta Z
1018 exa E
1015 peta P
1012 tera T
109 giga G
106 mega M
103 kilo k
102 hecto h
101 deca da
Factor Name Symbol
10-1 deci d
10-2 centi c
10-3 milli m
10-6 micro µ
10-9 nano n
10-12 pico p
10-15 femto f
10-18 atto a
10-21 zepto z
10-24 yocto y
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Uniform MotionUniform Motion
Uniform Motion is motion at a constant speed in a straight line.– Uniform motion is motion that does not
undergo any acceleration.– Uniform motion does not undergo a change in
speed or change the direction of motion (it does not turn).
– This is the easiest motion to study and can create an inertial reference frame.
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Formula for Uniform MotionFormula for Uniform Motion
t
dV
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Units for VelocityUnits for Velocity
The standard units for velocity are m/s.km/h are also used for velocity.Velocity must include a direction. The
direction should be recorded in brackets; ie. [N 20° E].
The direction may also be expressed as 20° East of North or North 20° East.
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Converting from km/h to m/sConverting from km/h to m/s
The best way to convert from km/h to m/s is to make two separate conversions.
Change kilometres to metres and then convert hours to seconds.
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Uniform Motion QuestionUniform Motion Question
Find the speed if someone travels 50.0 km in two hours and 15 minutes. Leave your answer in both m/s and km/h.
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smv
hkmv
h
kmv
t
dv
/17.6
/2.22
)25.2(
)0.50(
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Final AnswerFinal Answer
Therefore the speed required to travel 50.0km in 2 hours and 15 minutes is 22.2km/h which is also 6.17 m/s.
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Try Another QuestionTry Another Question
A man walks north at 3.0 km/h for 4 hours.The man then speeds up and runs at
12.3km/h for 1.5 hours.Find the total displacement.Find the average velocity.
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